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siemens substation
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Siemens AG 2011
Energy Sector
SIC-SING Connection
Energy Sector
Comparison of Alternatives
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection Motivation for System Interconnections
Improving Reliability, sharing of reserve capacity
Possibility to use larger and more economical Power Plants
Possibility to build power plants at favorable locations
Utilization of most favorable energy source (e.g. Solar / Hydro)
Power Exchange
There are strong reasons to connect Transmission Networks
Benefits
Efforts
interconnected Operation
Advantages ofinterconnected Operation
Advantages of
Benefits,
Efforts
Size of interconnected Grid
Benefits,
Efforts
Size of interconnected Grid
OptimumOptimumOptimumOptimumOptimumOptimum
Cost-to-Performance RatioCost-to-Performance Ratio
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection Challenges System Interconnections
Propagation of Disturbances, Blackout
Synchronisation, frequency control
Transmission Limits: Thermal, Voltage and Phase Angle
Loop and Parallel Flows, Congestion Management
Oscillations
Load Shedding Strategies
Fault Currents
System Interconnection is a complex task and requires sound analisis
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection Option 1: Short Connection (2 x 220 kV AC + HVDC BtB)
Crucero
Cardones
Paposo
Coloso/Esmeralda
SING
SIC
Option 1: Short Connection 220 kV
- 220 kV Line Paposo Col./Esm.
- estimated 200 kms
- Double Circuit
- 400 MW
- HVDC Back to Back in one extreme
due to stability reasons
assumed to be mandatory
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection Option 2: Long Connection 500 kV AC Transmission Line
Crucero
Cardones
Paposo
Coloso/Esmeralda
SING
SIC
Option 2a: Long Connection 500 kV
-500 kV Line Cardones - Crucero
-estimated 750 kms
-Single Circuit
-1000 MW
-66% Series Compensation
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection Option 2: Long Connection 500 kV AC Transmission Line
Crucero
Cardones
Paposo
Coloso/Esmeralda
SING
SIC
Option 2a: Long Connection 500 kV
-500 kV Line Cardones - Crucero
-estimated 750 kms
-Single Circuit
-1000 MW
-66% Series Compensation
Option 2b: Long Connection 500 kV
- Double Circuit,
- 33% Series Compensation
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection Option 2: Long Connection 500 kV AC Transmission Line 1000 MW
Crucero
Cardones
Paposo
Coloso/Esmeralda
SING
SIC
Option 2a: Long Connection 500 kV
-500 kV Line Cardones - Crucero
-estimated 750 kms
-Single Circuit
-66% Series Compensation
Option 2b: Long Connection 500 kV
- Double Circuit,
- 33% Series Compensation
Option 2c: Long Connection 500 kV
- Double Circuit
- plus HVDC Back to Back in one extreme
due to stability reasons
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection Option 3: Long Connection 500 kV DC Transmission Line
Crucero
Cardones
Paposo
Coloso/Esmeralda
SING
SIC
Option 3: Long Connection +/-500 kV
- 500 kV DC Line Cardones - Crucero
- estimated 750 kms
- Bipole
- 1000MW
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection Technical Options
Option 1
2 x 220 kV AC
+ Back to Back
max. 400MW
Low Investment
Stable only with
BtB
AC enables
easy tapping
High Losses
Limited Capacity
Additional
Investment in
existing system
necesary
Option 2a
1 x 500 kV AC
< 1000MW
High Losses
Limited Capacity
Very High Risk
no n-1 condition
Known Solution
AC enables
easy tapping
Low Investment
Option 2b
2 x 500 kV AC
1000 MW
High Risk
Known Solution
AC enables
easy tapping
Option 2c
2 x 500 kV AC
+ Back to Back
1000 MW
Stable Solution
AC enables
easy tapping
High Investment
High Losses
Option 3
500 kV HVDC
Bipole
1000 MW
Low Investment
Low Losses
High Power
Stable Solution
Limited tapping
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection Options Estimated Total Cost
Total Cost
(est. Mio USD)
700 1.350 1.000 1.350 900
500 Mio USD
1.000 Mio USD
CAPEX (w/o reinforcment existing lines) CAPEX CAPEX CAPEX
OPEX
OPEX
OPEX
OPEX
Mio USD, General Estimation
w/o Basic Engineering
OPEX Considers: Energy losses 80US$/MWH
Power losses 1500USD/KW
NPV 40 years, 7% rate
CAPEX
OPEX
Option 1
2 x 220 kV AC
+ Back to Back
max. 400MW
Option 2a
1 x 500 kV AC
< 1000MW
Option 2b
2 x 500 kV AC
1000 MW
Option 2c
2 x 500 kV AC
+ Back to Back
1000 MW
Option 3
500 kV HVDC
Bipole
1000 MW
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection Estimated Break Even Distance 2 x 500 kV AC HVDC Bipole 1000 MW
Break Even Distance Investment
Kms
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Break Even Total Cost
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1.0
00
Kms
AC
DC
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection Advantages HVDC Link
-Stabilizing Function in case of failure in SING or SIC no cascading
-DC Link can be rated according to real requirements, AC link must be
overdimensioned due to stability reasons
-Reconection possible independent of phase angle
-No risk of subsynchronous oscillations
-Controllability of Power Flow
-Blackout Firewall
-Mutual support between Systems in Emergency Situations
HVDC is the proven, low risk Option to realize the SIC-SING Connection
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection How can HVDC help limiting Blackouts?
From White Night to Black Night *Source: EURELECTRIC Task Force Final Report 06-2004
Europe needs
Enhancements, too
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection How can HVDC help limiting Blackouts?
Existing
Under Unstruction
Planned
HVDC EUROPE
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection How can HVDC help limiting Blackouts?
The Interconnection
CENTREL with UCPTE
UCTE Synchronous Interconnections:
Inter-Area Oscillations with Magnitudes up to
1000 MW
Damping Measures necessary
the 1st Step for
System Extension
the 1st Step for
System Extension
Source: CIGRE Report 38-113, Paris Session 2000
The Interconnection France-Spain a critical BottleneckThe Interconnection France-Spain a critical Bottleneck* now CE
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection How can HVDC help limiting Blackouts?
INELFE HVDC Link
2x1000MW
+/-320 kV DC
VSC
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection How can HVDC help limiting Blackouts?
Existing
Under Unstruction
Planned
HVDC EUROPE
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection Conclusions
-A Connection of SIC and SING in 500 kV AC is very likely to generate
instalbility in both Systems
-In case a AC transmission line shall be implemented, at least one circuit
should be equipped with a BtB Station (Hybrid Solution)
- An HVDC Link appears to be most economical option, i.e. on long term
-The major argument for AC500kV may be the AC Tapoffs. But these also
have a high cost. Connection to intermediate consumers or generators may
be realized more economically by extensions of existing 220kV lines,
- Detailed studies, will be necesary:
> Power Flow Modeling
> Short Circuit Modeling
> Dynamic Stability Modeling
> Transient Modeling
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection
Muchas Gracias
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection
Backup Slides
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING 500kV AC Single Circuit
Simulacin 1000MW / 900MW
L i n e a d e T r a n s m i s i o n
- 1 1 3 3 , 9 4 M W
- 3 7 6 , 9 5 M V A r
1 , 3 1 k A
1 0 0 0 , 0 0 M W
- 4 0 3 , 9 5 M V A r
1 , 3 2 k A
S E C 1 1
- 1 0 0 0 , 0 0 M W
4 0 3 , 9 5 M V A r
S E C 1 0
- 1 1 3 3 , 9 4 M W
2 2 , 5 2 M V A r
L O 4
- 1 0 0 0 , 0 0 M W
- 0 , 0 0 M V A r
I 1
1 1 3 3 , 9 4 M W
- 2 2 , 5 2 M V A r
C r u c e r o ( b )
9 4 , 5 6 %
- 5 4 , 5 2
C a r d o n e s ( b )
1 0 5 , 3 6 %
1 9 , 5 3
C r u c e r o ( a )
8 7 , 6 8 %
- 3 2 , 5 3
C a r d o n e s ( a )
1 0 0 , 0 0 %
0 , 0 0
L i n e a d e T r a n s m i s i o n
- 9 9 5 , 7 9 M W
- 7 2 , 8 3 M V A r
1 , 1 9 k A
9 0 0 , 0 0 M W
- 2 7 3 , 5 6 M V A r
1 , 0 8 k A
S E C 1 1
- 9 0 0 , 0 0 M W
2 7 3 , 5 6 M V A r
S E C 1 0
- 9 9 5 , 7 9 M W
2 5 5 , 3 6 M V A r
L O 4
- 9 0 0 , 0 0 M W
- 0 , 0 0 M V A r
I 1
9 9 5 , 7 9 M W
- 2 5 5 , 3 6 M V A r
C r u c e r o ( b )
1 0 0 , 2 2 %
- 4 3 , 7 0
C a r d o n e s ( b )
9 7 , 1 2 %
1 8 , 5 7
C r u c e r o ( a )
9 5 , 8 9 %
- 2 6 , 7 9
C a r d o n e s ( a )
1 0 0 , 0 0 %
0 , 0 0
1000MW
900MW
SC 66%
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING 500kV AC Double Circuit
1000 MW / 100MW
S H R 2 3
0 , 0 0 M W
- 1 7 5 , 0 0 M V A r
S H R 2 0
0 , 0 0 M W
- 3 8 6 , 2 1 M V A r
- 1 0 0 0 , 0 0 M W
- 3 0 3 , 3 3 M V A r
- 1 0 4 7 , 0 5 M W
8 6 4 , 5 2 M V A r
S H R 7
0 , 0 0 M W
- 1 7 5 , 0 0 M V A r
L O 4
- 1 0 0 0 , 0 0 M W
0 , 0 0 M V A r
I 1
1 0 4 7 , 0 5 M W
- 5 1 4 , 5 2 M V A r
C r u c e r o ( b )
1 0 2 , 4 0 %
- 2 4 , 3 6
C a r d o n e s ( b )
9 3 , 4 9 %
5 , 1 1
C r u c e r o ( a )
1 0 5 , 0 4 %
- 2 0 , 1 2
C a r d o n e s ( a )
1 0 0 , 0 0 %
0 , 0 0
L i n e a d e T r a n s m i s i o n
- 1 0 4 7 , 0 3 M W
7 1 7 , 8 0 M V A r
1 , 5 7 k A
1 0 0 0 , 0 0 M W
3 0 3 , 3 3 M V A r
1 , 1 8 k A
S H R 2 3
0 , 0 0 M W
- 1 7 5 , 0 0 M V A r
S H R 2 0
0 , 0 0 M W
- 3 6 4 , 7 9 M V A r
- 1 0 0 , 0 0 M W
- 6 8 8 , 1 7 M V A r
- 1 0 0 , 6 6 M W
8 4 5 , 6 7 M V A r
S H R 7
0 , 0 0 M W
- 1 7 5 , 0 0 M V A r
S H R 5
0 , 0 0 M W
- 3 6 4 , 7 9 M V A r
L O 4
- 1 0 0 , 0 0 M W
- 0 , 0 0 M V A r
I 1
1 0 0 , 6 6 M W
- 4 9 5 , 6 7 M V A r
C r u c e r o ( b )
9 6 , 4 1 %
- 2 , 5 6
C a r d o n e s ( b )
9 3 , 2 7 %
0 , 4 9
C r u c e r o ( a )
1 0 2 , 0 9 %
- 2 , 1 0
C a r d o n e s ( a )
1 0 0 , 0 0 %
0 , 0 0
L i n e a d e T r a n s m i s i o n
- 1 0 0 , 6 5 M W
7 8 7 , 9 5 M V A r
0 , 9 8 k A
1 0 0 , 0 0 M W
6 8 8 , 1 7 M V A r
0 , 8 3 k A
1000MW
100MW
SC 33%
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Siemens AG 2012 May2012
SIC-SING Connection Comparison LCC-VSC
High Space Requirements 45 to 50 % less
Typ. 50 % Filter/Reactive Power Requirements None
Thyristor: very high Overload Capacity IGBT: strictly limited
High Dynamic Performance Very high
Classic 4.2 GW & Bulk 11 GW Rating PLUS 1,100 MVA
1.5 % Total Converter & Station Losses close to 2 %
Stepwise linear Independent Control of Reactive Power Fully linear
Complex Configuration of Multiterminal Systems Simple
No Supply of passive Networks and Black-Start Capability Yes
Difficult Grid Access for weak AC Networks Quite easy
Available Frequency, Voltage & POD Control Available
FOR SIC-SING CONNECTION LCC IS A PROVEN CHOICE
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