SIEMENS Manfred Pohl 20120523Cigre2012

Siemens AG 2011

Energy Sector

SIC-SING Connection

Energy Sector

Comparison of Alternatives

Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions

Siemens AG 2012 May2012

SIC-SING Connection Motivation for System Interconnections

Improving Reliability, sharing of reserve capacity

Possibility to use larger and more economical Power Plants

Possibility to build power plants at favorable locations

Utilization of most favorable energy source (e.g. Solar / Hydro)

Power Exchange

There are strong reasons to connect Transmission Networks

Benefits

Efforts

interconnected Operation

Advantages ofinterconnected Operation

Advantages of

Benefits,

Efforts

Size of interconnected Grid

Benefits,

Efforts

Size of interconnected Grid

OptimumOptimumOptimumOptimumOptimumOptimum

Cost-to-Performance RatioCost-to-Performance Ratio



SIC-SING Connection Challenges System Interconnections

Propagation of Disturbances, Blackout

Synchronisation, frequency control

Transmission Limits: Thermal, Voltage and Phase Angle

Loop and Parallel Flows, Congestion Management

Oscillations

Load Shedding Strategies

Fault Currents

System Interconnection is a complex task and requires sound analisis



SIC-SING Connection Option 1: Short Connection (2 x 220 kV AC + HVDC BtB)

Crucero

Cardones

Paposo

Coloso/Esmeralda

SING

SIC

Option 1: Short Connection 220 kV

- 220 kV Line Paposo Col./Esm.

- estimated 200 kms

- Double Circuit

- 400 MW

- HVDC Back to Back in one extreme

due to stability reasons

assumed to be mandatory



SIC-SING Connection Option 2: Long Connection 500 kV AC Transmission Line

Crucero

Cardones

Paposo

Coloso/Esmeralda

SING

SIC

Option 2a: Long Connection 500 kV

-500 kV Line Cardones - Crucero

-estimated 750 kms

-Single Circuit

-1000 MW

-66% Series Compensation



SIC-SING Connection Option 2: Long Connection 500 kV AC Transmission Line

Crucero

Cardones

Paposo

Coloso/Esmeralda

SING

SIC



-estimated 750 kms

-Single Circuit

-1000 MW


Option 2b: Long Connection 500 kV

- Double Circuit,

- 33% Series Compensation



SIC-SING Connection Option 2: Long Connection 500 kV AC Transmission Line 1000 MW

Crucero

Cardones

Paposo

Coloso/Esmeralda

SING

SIC



-estimated 750 kms

-Single Circuit


Option 2b: Long Connection 500 kV

- Double Circuit,

- 33% Series Compensation

Option 2c: Long Connection 500 kV

- Double Circuit

- plus HVDC Back to Back in one extreme

due to stability reasons



SIC-SING Connection Option 3: Long Connection 500 kV DC Transmission Line

Crucero

Cardones

Paposo

Coloso/Esmeralda

SING

SIC

Option 3: Long Connection +/-500 kV

- 500 kV DC Line Cardones - Crucero

- estimated 750 kms

- Bipole

- 1000MW



SIC-SING Connection Technical Options

Option 1

2 x 220 kV AC

+ Back to Back

max. 400MW

Low Investment

Stable only with

BtB

AC enables

easy tapping

High Losses

Limited Capacity

Additional

Investment in

existing system

necesary

Option 2a

1 x 500 kV AC

< 1000MW

High Losses

Limited Capacity

Very High Risk

no n-1 condition

Known Solution

AC enables

easy tapping

Low Investment

Option 2b

2 x 500 kV AC

1000 MW

High Risk

Known Solution

AC enables

easy tapping

Option 2c

2 x 500 kV AC

+ Back to Back

1000 MW

Stable Solution

AC enables

easy tapping

High Investment

High Losses

Option 3

500 kV HVDC

Bipole

1000 MW

Low Investment

Low Losses

High Power

Stable Solution

Limited tapping



SIC-SING Connection Options Estimated Total Cost

Total Cost

(est. Mio USD)

700 1.350 1.000 1.350 900

500 Mio USD

1.000 Mio USD

CAPEX (w/o reinforcment existing lines) CAPEX CAPEX CAPEX

OPEX

OPEX

OPEX

OPEX

Mio USD, General Estimation

w/o Basic Engineering

OPEX Considers: Energy losses 80US$/MWH

Power losses 1500USD/KW

NPV 40 years, 7% rate

CAPEX

OPEX

Option 1

2 x 220 kV AC

+ Back to Back

max. 400MW

Option 2a

1 x 500 kV AC

< 1000MW

Option 2b

2 x 500 kV AC

1000 MW

Option 2c

2 x 500 kV AC

+ Back to Back

1000 MW

Option 3

500 kV HVDC

Bipole

1000 MW



SIC-SING Connection Estimated Break Even Distance 2 x 500 kV AC HVDC Bipole 1000 MW

Break Even Distance Investment

Kms

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Break Even Total Cost

0

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1.0

00

Kms

AC

DC



SIC-SING Connection Advantages HVDC Link

-Stabilizing Function in case of failure in SING or SIC no cascading

-DC Link can be rated according to real requirements, AC link must be

overdimensioned due to stability reasons

-Reconection possible independent of phase angle

-No risk of subsynchronous oscillations

-Controllability of Power Flow

-Blackout Firewall

-Mutual support between Systems in Emergency Situations

HVDC is the proven, low risk Option to realize the SIC-SING Connection



SIC-SING Connection How can HVDC help limiting Blackouts?

From White Night to Black Night *Source: EURELECTRIC Task Force Final Report 06-2004

Europe needs

Enhancements, too




Existing

Under Unstruction

Planned

HVDC EUROPE




The Interconnection

CENTREL with UCPTE

UCTE Synchronous Interconnections:

Inter-Area Oscillations with Magnitudes up to

1000 MW

Damping Measures necessary

the 1st Step for

System Extension

the 1st Step for

System Extension

Source: CIGRE Report 38-113, Paris Session 2000

The Interconnection France-Spain a critical BottleneckThe Interconnection France-Spain a critical Bottleneck* now CE




INELFE HVDC Link

2x1000MW

+/-320 kV DC

VSC




Existing

Under Unstruction

Planned

HVDC EUROPE



SIC-SING Connection Conclusions

-A Connection of SIC and SING in 500 kV AC is very likely to generate

instalbility in both Systems

-In case a AC transmission line shall be implemented, at least one circuit

should be equipped with a BtB Station (Hybrid Solution)

- An HVDC Link appears to be most economical option, i.e. on long term

-The major argument for AC500kV may be the AC Tapoffs. But these also

have a high cost. Connection to intermediate consumers or generators may

be realized more economically by extensions of existing 220kV lines,

- Detailed studies, will be necesary:

> Power Flow Modeling

> Short Circuit Modeling

> Dynamic Stability Modeling

> Transient Modeling



SIC-SING Connection

Muchas Gracias



SIC-SING Connection

Backup Slides



SIC-SING 500kV AC Single Circuit

Simulacin 1000MW / 900MW

L i n e a d e T r a n s m i s i o n

- 1 1 3 3 , 9 4 M W

- 3 7 6 , 9 5 M V A r

1 , 3 1 k A

1 0 0 0 , 0 0 M W

- 4 0 3 , 9 5 M V A r

1 , 3 2 k A

S E C 1 1

- 1 0 0 0 , 0 0 M W

4 0 3 , 9 5 M V A r

S E C 1 0

- 1 1 3 3 , 9 4 M W

2 2 , 5 2 M V A r

L O 4

- 1 0 0 0 , 0 0 M W

- 0 , 0 0 M V A r

I 1

1 1 3 3 , 9 4 M W

- 2 2 , 5 2 M V A r

C r u c e r o ( b )

9 4 , 5 6 %

- 5 4 , 5 2

C a r d o n e s ( b )

1 0 5 , 3 6 %

1 9 , 5 3

C r u c e r o ( a )

8 7 , 6 8 %

- 3 2 , 5 3

C a r d o n e s ( a )

1 0 0 , 0 0 %

0 , 0 0


- 9 9 5 , 7 9 M W

- 7 2 , 8 3 M V A r

1 , 1 9 k A

9 0 0 , 0 0 M W

- 2 7 3 , 5 6 M V A r

1 , 0 8 k A

S E C 1 1

- 9 0 0 , 0 0 M W

2 7 3 , 5 6 M V A r

S E C 1 0

- 9 9 5 , 7 9 M W

2 5 5 , 3 6 M V A r

L O 4

- 9 0 0 , 0 0 M W

- 0 , 0 0 M V A r

I 1

9 9 5 , 7 9 M W

- 2 5 5 , 3 6 M V A r

C r u c e r o ( b )

1 0 0 , 2 2 %

- 4 3 , 7 0


9 7 , 1 2 %

1 8 , 5 7

C r u c e r o ( a )

9 5 , 8 9 %

- 2 6 , 7 9


1 0 0 , 0 0 %

0 , 0 0

1000MW

900MW

SC 66%



SIC-SING 500kV AC Double Circuit

1000 MW / 100MW

S H R 2 3

0 , 0 0 M W

- 1 7 5 , 0 0 M V A r

S H R 2 0

0 , 0 0 M W

- 3 8 6 , 2 1 M V A r

- 1 0 0 0 , 0 0 M W

- 3 0 3 , 3 3 M V A r

- 1 0 4 7 , 0 5 M W

8 6 4 , 5 2 M V A r

S H R 7

0 , 0 0 M W

- 1 7 5 , 0 0 M V A r

L O 4

- 1 0 0 0 , 0 0 M W

0 , 0 0 M V A r

I 1

1 0 4 7 , 0 5 M W

- 5 1 4 , 5 2 M V A r

C r u c e r o ( b )

1 0 2 , 4 0 %

- 2 4 , 3 6


9 3 , 4 9 %

5 , 1 1

C r u c e r o ( a )

1 0 5 , 0 4 %

- 2 0 , 1 2


1 0 0 , 0 0 %

0 , 0 0


- 1 0 4 7 , 0 3 M W

7 1 7 , 8 0 M V A r

1 , 5 7 k A

1 0 0 0 , 0 0 M W

3 0 3 , 3 3 M V A r

1 , 1 8 k A

S H R 2 3

0 , 0 0 M W

- 1 7 5 , 0 0 M V A r

S H R 2 0

0 , 0 0 M W

- 3 6 4 , 7 9 M V A r

- 1 0 0 , 0 0 M W

- 6 8 8 , 1 7 M V A r

- 1 0 0 , 6 6 M W

8 4 5 , 6 7 M V A r

S H R 7

0 , 0 0 M W

- 1 7 5 , 0 0 M V A r

S H R 5

0 , 0 0 M W

- 3 6 4 , 7 9 M V A r

L O 4

- 1 0 0 , 0 0 M W

- 0 , 0 0 M V A r

I 1

1 0 0 , 6 6 M W

- 4 9 5 , 6 7 M V A r

C r u c e r o ( b )

9 6 , 4 1 %

- 2 , 5 6


9 3 , 2 7 %

0 , 4 9

C r u c e r o ( a )

1 0 2 , 0 9 %

- 2 , 1 0


1 0 0 , 0 0 %

0 , 0 0


- 1 0 0 , 6 5 M W

7 8 7 , 9 5 M V A r

0 , 9 8 k A

1 0 0 , 0 0 M W

6 8 8 , 1 7 M V A r

0 , 8 3 k A

1000MW

100MW

SC 33%



SIC-SING Connection Comparison LCC-VSC

High Space Requirements 45 to 50 % less

Typ. 50 % Filter/Reactive Power Requirements None

Thyristor: very high Overload Capacity IGBT: strictly limited

High Dynamic Performance Very high

Classic 4.2 GW & Bulk 11 GW Rating PLUS 1,100 MVA

1.5 % Total Converter & Station Losses close to 2 %

Stepwise linear Independent Control of Reactive Power Fully linear

Complex Configuration of Multiterminal Systems Simple

No Supply of passive Networks and Black-Start Capability Yes

Difficult Grid Access for weak AC Networks Quite easy

Available Frequency, Voltage & POD Control Available

FOR SIC-SING CONNECTION LCC IS A PROVEN CHOICE

Documents

SIEMENS Manfred Pohl 20120523Cigre2012