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THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS
The Scientific Revolution
The American Revolution
The French Revolution
The Industrial Revolution
What was the Scientific Revolution?
• Time period when scientists began to base the study of the world on observable fact rather than on beliefs and superstitions
• Also known as the Enlightenment
Where and when was the Scientific Revolution?
• The Scientific Revolution occurred in Europe from the 1500s to the 1700s.
Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?
• Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543): Polish astronomer, mathematician, physician, scholar, governor, diplomat, economist, soldier
• Responsible for the heliocentric theory, which states that the sun (not the earth) is the center of the universe
Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?
• Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564): Belgian anatomist
• Founder of modern human anatomy
• Author of 1st modern human anatomy text, “On the Workings of the Human Body”
Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?
• Galileo Galilei (1564-1642): Italian physicist, astronomer, philosopher
• Improved the telescope & was the 1st to use it to observe the sky
• Used it to discover Jupiter’s moons in 1610
Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?
• Johann Kepler (1571-1630): German mathematician, astronomer
• Best known for his laws of planetary motion (ex: the planets orbit the sun in elliptical orbits)
Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?
• William Harvey (1578-1657): English doctor who proved the heart circulated the blood within the body
Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?
• Rene Descartes (1596-1650): French philosopher, mathematician, scientist
• “Founder of Modern Philosophy” & “Father of Modern Mathematics” “I think, therefore
I am”
Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?
• Antony von Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723): Dutch scientist who invented 1st microscope
• 1st to observe & describe single cell organisms
• “Father of Microbiology”
Who were the important people of the Scientific Revolution?
• Isaac Newton (1643-1727): English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, inventor, philosopher
• Proved the laws of gravity
• One of the most important scientists in history
How did the Scientific Revolution impact Europe?
• Led to many new inventions (which will lead to further discoveries as they are improved)
• Many schools & universities will open throughout Europe
How did the American Revolution affect Europe?
• The American Revolution will be an indirect cause of the French Revolution.
• The French people, who feel they are being mistreated under a tyrannical king, will see the American colonists rebel against and defeat English King George III, and it will be a great influence on them to start their own revolution.
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