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The Great Depression and the
New Deal
1929 – 1939
Chapter 24
2
Readings
• You must read the chapter.• Divisions:
– Pp. 729-742– 742-754– 754-763
– Make sure you know the New Deal Legislation and how it affected Alabama and the US.
3
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
4
Crash and Depression, 1929-1932
5
Figure 24.1A: Stock
Market Prices
in the 1920s
6
Black Thursday and the Onset of the Depression
7
Figure 24.1B:
Consumer Borrowing in
the 1920s
8
Hoover’s Response• Herbert Hoover Documentary
• Hoover's Response Speech
• Emergency Committee for Employment
• Reconstruction Finance Corporation
9
Figure 24.2A: The Statistics of Hard Times
10
Mounting Discontent and Protest
• Hoover Valley
• Farmers” Holiday Association– Douglas MacArthur
• 42nd Parallel– John Dos Passos
• The Disinherited– Jack Conroy
11
Figure 24.2A: The Statistics of Hard Times
12
Figure 24.2B: The Statistics of Hard Times
13
The Election of 1932
14
Map 24.1: The Election of 1932
15
The New Deal Takes Shape
16
Roosevelt and his Circle• Rexford G. Tuggle
• Adolphe Berle
• Eleanor Roosevelt
• James Farley
• Frances Perkins
• Harold Ickes
• Henry A. Wallace
• Henry Morgenthau
17
Bankhead in Congress
• John Hollis
• William Brockman• Speaker of the House
• John Hollis II
• Walter Will
• Tallulah
18
FDR’s Alphabet Soup
WPA men at work
19
20
The Hundred Days
• TVA– David Lilienthal
21
Hundred Days Legislation
CCCBoys
22
Justice Hugo Black• Senator from Alabama
• One of 9 Roosevelt appointed
• Textualism-what do words mean to the common man or a strict interpretation of the law
• KKK member in early life
• Democrat / Died 1971
23
Problems and Controversies Plague the New Deal
• May 1935 court rules NRA unconstitutional
• Dust Bowl of 1930 and continuing
• “There goes Oklahoma!”
Roosevelt’s Supreme Court
*Note Hugo Black on back right. KKK
24
Map 24.2: The Dust Bowl
25
The Dust Bowl• Dust Bowl Documentary
• Don’t forget to read your excerpts from The Dust Bowl Diary
North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana and other states were effected.
Southern states experienced erosion until the addition of Kudzu to the landscape.
Figure 24.3: Agriculture During the Great Depression
27
1934-1935 Challenges from Right and Left
• 1933 Income rose but was still behind 1929.
• 1934 Midterm elections proved popularity.– “He’s been all but crowned by the people
• Charles Coughlin Father Charles Coughlin Radio Address
• Francis Townsend– Influenced creation of – Social Security
28
Huey Long• Huey Long• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIMi7fBA6e4&feature=related
– Louisiana– Elected 1933– “Share our wealth!”– “America First Party” 100% tax on
income over $1 million and appropriation of fortunes over $5
– million.– Carl Weiss – Assassinated
– Earl Long “Blaze”
• Ballad of Earl Long
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIMi7fBA6e4&feature=related
29
The New Deal Changes Course, 1935-1936
• WPA Works Progress Administration– Federal Writer’s Project– Federal Music Project– Federal Theatre Project
– National Youth Administration– Rural Electrification Administration
– National Labor Relations Act 1935
Eudora Welty
Junior Publicity Agent
30
Photos of Eudora Welty
31
32
National Labor Relations Act
• Wagner Act– Guaranteed collective
bargaining rights, permitted closed shops, outlawed blacklisting
33
Social Security Act of 1935End of the 2nd New Deal
• Social Security Act 1935– Stands as the long term
legislation of the New Deal– Frances Perkins committee
• Mixed benefit package• Pension• Unemployment package• Survivor benefits• Disabled and dependent
mothers and children
34
1936 Roosevelt Landslide and New Democratic Coalition
• South
• West (parts)
• White Ethnic voters
• 12 largest cities– Catholics– Jews
• Who filled New Deal jobs?
35
36
The New Deal’s End Stage 1937-1939
37
FDR and the Supreme Court
• Archconservatives– 9 old tired men!
• Bill– Appoint new justices for each one over 70– “Ease heavy workload
– Court packing
38
Roosevelt Recession
39
Final Measure: Growing Opposition
• Farm Security Administration (FSA)– 1937– Created by Congress
• Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)
40
Social Change and Social Action in the 1930’s
41
Depression’s Psychological and Social Impact
42
Industrial Workers Unionize
• American Federation of Labor (AFL)
• Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO)
• United Automobile Workers
43
Figure 24.4: The Growth of Labor Union Membership, 1933–1946
44
Black and Hispanic AmericansResist Racism and Exploitation
• “Don’t Shop Where You Can’t Work!”
• Scottsboro Boys• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=rIkBFFZeNVM
• Indian Reorganization Act
45
The American Culture Scene in the 1930’s
46
Avenues of Escape: Radio and the Movies
• Gone with the Wind 1939• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79eIUM4w0PU&feature=related
• Mr. Smith Goes to Washington 1937• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=0pwjGWUrlHM
• The Little Colonel (1935) Shirley Temple• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_FOPPJcJ24
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-DueyLco8s&feature=endscreen&NR=1
47
The Later 1930’s: Opposing Fascism Reaffirming Traditional
Values• Popular Front
• Joseph Stalin
• Adolf Hitler
• Spanish Civil War
• Benito Mussolini
48
Steinbeck, Hemingway, Wilder
• For Whom the Bell Tolls
• The Grapes of Wrath
• Our Town
49
Streamlining and the World’s Fair: Corporate America’s Utopian Vision
• “The World of Tomorrow”
• 1939 World’s Fair
• Orson Wells– “War of the Worlds”
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xs0K4ApWl4g
50
FDR• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUnihvqYBVw
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amNpxQANk0M
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpEdYp1Nn-k&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nuElu-ipTQ
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUZGkNAUSvY&feature=related
• Eleanor Roosevelt Speech
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6P15knTJ0pQ
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yzakVOdh6k&feature=related
51
Conclusion
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