The Microscopic World of Cells Cell membranes and transport Cell Organelles Plant vs. animal cell

The Microscopic World of Cells

Cell membranes and transport

Cell Organelles

Plant vs. animal cell

TYPES of CELLS

• Prokaryotic Cells• Prokaryotes are very simple cells, probably first to

inhabit the earth. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a membrane bound nucleus. Bacteria are prokaryotes. DNA of bacteria is circular.

• The word "prokaryote" means "before the nucleus"• Other features found in some bacteria:• Flagella - used for movement

Pilus - small hairlike structures used for attaching to other cellsCapsule - tough outer layer that protects bacteria, often associated with harmful bacteria

• Eukaryotic Cells• Eukaryotic cells are more advanced cells. These

cells are found in plants, animals, and protists (small unicellular "animalcules").

• The eukaryotic cell is composed of 4 main parts: • cell membrane - outer boundary of the cell• cytoplasm - jelly-like fluid interior of the cell• nucleus - the "control center" of the cell,

contains the cell's DNA (chromosomes) • organelles - "little organs" that carry out cell

functions

Animal Cell Overview

Cell Membrane and Transport

Composed of phospholipidsArranged in a bilayer

Active transportPassive transport

•osmosis

•diffusion

•marker proteins•receptor proteins

Animal Cell Overview(Animal Cell Organelles)

Nucleus

Nucleolus-site of ribosomal RNA

Chromatin- made of DNA

Nucleus-brain of the cell

Directs all cell activity

Contains genetic material

Mitochondria

Supplies the cells energy- power plant of the cell

I need more power!!

Endoplasmic Recticulum

Series of flattened membranous sacs.

Acts like the cells freeway, transportation system.

Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis. Often found lining the E.R.

May be found floating free in cytoplasm.

Golgi Complex

Acts like a mailman, packages and sorts proteins for delivery throughout the cell

A series of flattened sacs

Centrioles

A group of microtubules that aid in cell division.

Lysosome

Plant vs. Animal Cell

Three differences:

Chloroplasts

Vacuoles

Cell wall

Chloroplast

Site of

6CO2+6H20 C6H12O6+6O2

Do not exist in animal cells, give plant cells their rigidity.

Exists in animals but is much larger in plants.

Used to store food, waste, gases, pigments, water.

Cell Quiz1. Name 3 differences between plant and

animal cells.

2. What organelle is the site of protein synthesis?

3. What organelle acts like the post office?

4. What organelle aids in cell division?

5. How does water enter the cell?

BibliographyIntegrated Biology/Chemistry A, Continuity of Life Notebook, CORD,Waco, Texas, 1994.

www.dcn.davis.ca.us/~carl/cellhome.htm

Microsoft Encarta Reference Suite 99, 1993-1998.

http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/Thumbnails/searchresults.htm

The End!