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UNCLASSIFIED
AD
/
DEFENSE DOCUMENTATION CENTER FOR
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION
CAMERON STATION, ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA
UNCLASSIFIED
NOTICE: When government or other drawlngB, speci- fications or other data are used for any purpose other than in connection with a definitely related government procurement operation, the U. S. Government thereby incurs no responsibility, nor any obligation whatsoever; and the fact that the Gorem- ment may have fonnulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the said drawings, specifications, or other data is not to be regarded by implication or other- wise as in any manner licensing the holder or any other person or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission to manufacture, use or sell any patented invention that may in any way be related thereto.
AEDC-TDR-63-190
ECSSSSSCSö
' '-«■*
MOLLIER DIAGRAM FOR AIR
S D D ; '
By A .nr.T T '963
^
Wanda J. Littie
Gas Dynai ARO, Inc.
von KaVman Gas Dynamics Facilitf
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTARY REPORT NO. AEDC-TiR-63-190
September 1963
Program Element 61405014/8951, Task 89803
(Pr.portd und.r Contract No. AF 40(600)-1000 by KRO, Inc..
MMMd «^•rofof of AEDC, Arnold Air Fore» Stotitn, Tonn,)
ARNOLD ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT CENTER
fwN1 AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND
UNITED STATES AIR FOIItCi
g <
a 5 3 00 35 M Ov
S a = W U
, Pi % < gs a y od ^
Q < g w 3 3
> O a
5V^9 ^//^ ^^
nr
106 28 30 32
10'
8
6
MOLLIER DIAGRAM FOR EQ 30 32 34 36 38 •«) 42
ISOÜO 0K ^*—•—
14000 0K
l30OOoK
12000 "K
I10000K
1
> 1
FOK
>
I EQUTTJB 42 44
Rii 46
JM AIR 14,, rn 1 {n t
^^5 ■ ^^
iZ^zZ^^Z^Z^zis
R 52 54
I I i I ; I ! ! ; ^ i j i ; : i U i i 1 j i I ! : : I i ! : I j 1 \: : [I: [ii : i i :i \\ : i ' •'
n
:.;.:;:
10^
\4
J i : :
HOC
l800oK
50
^^ 9000oK
52 ^ ^ /. . 1 • ' ' . ■ ■ 1 ^.. ^-
54 56 58 Ml
S/R
MOLLIER DIAGRAM FOR EQUILIBRIU
PRKI'ARKD »V IMl SIAH- ()» VON KARMAN <.AS DYNAStK
FACILITY. ARO. INC. CONTRACT ()I>1 RATORS OF ARSOI.D I !
cnNF.HRINC DKVKl.OI'MFNI CFNTFR. INnFl) SI Al I S Al
FORCK. ARNOLD AIR POKE STATION. TINNF-SS1 I lUNTBD f
THF. 1'ARTHINON PRIvSS. NASHVI1.I.1 . 11 NNI SSI 1 . MARl H Hj
This chart is a composite of sectional parts given hy Wamla I. Little, "I
Air,'* AEDC-TIÄ-63-190,September 1963.The ilata tor it are derived
■ « II • m ■
S/R
)IAGRAM FOR EQUILIBRIUM AIR
,D BY THK STAFF OF VON KARMAN (iAS DYNAMICS
ARO, INC., CONTRACT Ol'KRATORS OF ARNOLO EH-
NG DEVELOPMENT CENTER, UNITED STATES AIR
IRNOLD AIR FORCE STATION, TENNESSEE. PRINTED BY
LTHENON PRESS, NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE, MARCH 19M.
e of sectional parts given by Wanda ]. Little, "Mollier Diagram for
^rtrrnWr WM The data for it are derived from I- Hilsenrath
_
JO#K
240olt
220oK
ZOO^K
«•QOK
260 "K
44 46 48
10'
I0-'
utiWWNNO DFVFI.OPMFNT CFNTFR. fNTTTT 5TATTS ATR
FORCE. ARNOLD AIR POME STATION. TF.NNKSSFI. I'RINTFI) BV
THE PARTHENON PRESS. NASHVILLE. TENNESSEE. StARCH 1*4.
\4
io3
.
This chart is a composite of sectional parts given hy Wanda I. Little. "Mollier
Air," AEDC-TDR-63-190, Septemher »63. The data tor it are derived from
and M. Klein. "Tables of Thermodynamic Properties ol Air in Chemical Ed
eluding Second Virial Corrections from 1500 to 15,000%" AEDCTDR43
1963, and from R. L. Humphrey and C. A. Ned, " Tables of Thermodvnamic
Air from 90 to 1^00"K;• AEDC-TR-61-103, August 1961. The latter lahle«. are
on I. Hilsenr.uli. C. W. Beckett, et al.. Tables oj Thermal Piufirtki of Cue*. I
564. NovemlK-r 1955, and on F. Din, Thermodynanin hum lions of Gases. V
worths, London. 1956. The tables of Din als.) provide data for the saturation
sures above one atmosphere. At pressures below one .umosphere. the approx
tion line- is basal on C. T. Furukawa and R. E. McCoskey. "The Condensatior
and the Heats of Vaporization of Oxygen and Nitrogen." XHSTeehiiKa! Rep
gust 1952. and on W. 1). Krickson and 11. E. Creekmore. "Suulv d EqidKbrij
Effects in Hvpersonic Air Nozzles, Including Charts ol ThermcHlynamic Propc
librium Air," \ASA-TN-i)-231. April 19(,().
The vertical coordinate is the enthalpv luiKiion 1 l/R expressed in urn
Kelvin. Its values are obtained by multiplving the dunensionless luiuiion 1
temperature. The horizontal COOfdlMtr is the dmunsionless eMfOp) luneti.
temperature T ts measured in degrees Kelvin. The pressure p is given m aim.
the density p in unagat units based on the densitv ot .ur at (V'C and a pressure .
phere. The logarithms are common logarithms to base ten.
For air, one amagat is the equivalent of 0.0012"' grams per cubic eentmul
pounds per cubic foot. Enthalpy in calories per gram is equal to I I/R( K) i
0.0686 and in British thermal units per pound it is equal to 1 l/R( K ) multipl«
The specific enthalpy in fect-squared per second-squared is equal to H/R("K
by 3092.0 and in meters-squared per second-squared to H/R("K) multiphe«
t8 102
GINEERING DEVELOPMENT CENTER. UNITED STATES AIR
FORCE, ARNOLD AIR FORCE STATION. TENNESSEE. PRINTED BY
THE PARTHENON PRESS. NASHVILLE. TENNESSEE. MARCH I9M.
This chart is a composite of sectional parts given by Wanda I. Little, "Mollier Diagram for
Air," AE1X rDR-63-190, September 1963. The data for it are derived from I. Hilsenrath
and M. KU"-"Tables of Thcrmodynamic Properties of Air in Chemical Kquilibrium In-
cluding Second Virial Corrections from 1500 to 15,000"K," AEDC-TDR-63-161, August
1963, and fn m R. L. Humphrey and C. A. Neel, "Tables of Thermodynamic Properties of
Air from 90 Ml 500° K," AEDC-TR-61-103, August 1961. The latter tables are based mainly
on ]. HilseiH ith, C. W. Beckett, et al.. Tables of Thermal Properties of Gases. NBS Circular
564, November 1955, and on F. Din, Thernioclynamic Functions of Clases, Vol. 2, Butter-
worths. London, 1956. The tables of Din also provide data for the saturation line at pres-
sures above one atmosphere. At pressures below one atmosphere, the approximate satura-
tion Jint- is based on C. T. Furukawa and R. F. McCoskey, "The Condensation Line of Air
and the 1 leats of Vaporization of Oxygen and Nitrogen," NBS Technical Report 1775, Au-
gust 1952, and on W. D. Frickson and H. F. Creekmore, "Study of Equfllbriuni Real-Gas
Effects in llvpersonic Air Nozzles, Including Charts of Thermodynamic Properties ot Fcjui-
librium Air," NASA-TN-D-231, April 1960.
The vertical coordinate is the enthalpy function ll/R expressed in units of degrees
Kelvin. Its values arc obtained by multiplying the dimensionless function 1 l/RT bv the
temperature. The horizontal coordinate is the dimensionless entropy tunction S/R. The
temperature I is measured in degrees Kelvin. The pressure p is given in atmospheres, and
the density p in amagat units based on the density of air at 0"C and a pressure of one atmos-
phere. The logarithms are common logarithms to base ten.
For air, on» amagat is the equivalent of 0.00129 grams per cubic centimeter or 0.0807
pounds per t; )ic foot. Enthalpy in calories per gram is equal to H/R("K) multiplied by
0.0686 and in British thermal units per pound it is equal to H/R("K) multiplied by 0.1234.
The specific . ithalpy in feet-squared per second-squared is equal to H/R("K) multiplied
by 3092.0 and in meters-squared per second-squared to H/R("K) multiplied by 287.2.
-I
AEDC-TDR-63-l90
MOLLIER DIAGRAM FOR AIR
By
Wanda J. Little
von Karman Gas Dynamics facility ARD, Inc.
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTARY REPORT NO. AEDC .. TDR·63·190
September 1963
Program Element 61405014/8951, Task 89603
(Prepared under Contract No. AF 40(600).1000 by ARO, Inc., contract operator of AEDC, Arnold Air Force Station, Tenn.)
ARNOLD ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT CENTER
AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND
UNITED STATES AIR FORCI
AF 40(600)1000
AEDC. TDR.63.190
ABSTRACT
A Mollier diagram for air, including the effects of dissociation and ionization, as well as of intermolecular potentials to the second virial correction. is presented. The range of temperatures extends from the saturation line to 15, OOooK and the range of densities, from 10- 7 to approximately 200 amagats.
PUBLICATION REVIEW
This report has been reviewed and publication is approved.
~. ;9$T~ L~ D. Fit{{er~ld-Capt, USAF Aerospace Sciences Division DCS/Research
~U-~Sj, ~~al} R. Eastman, Jrr"
DCS/Research .
ii
ABSTRACT ..... NOMENCLA TURE .
1. 0 INTRODUCTION. REFERENCES. APPENDIX ...
Figure
1. Index Sheet.
2-33 Air Mollier Diagram
COl'nEHTS
ILLUSTRATIOHS
iii
A EDC. TDR.63.190
Page
ii iv 1 1 3
4
5-36
H/R
log
P
R
S/R
T
p/po
NOMENCLATURE
Enthalpy in oK, obtained by multiplying the dimensionless function H/RT by the temperature in oK
Common logarithm to base 10
Pressure, atm
Gas constant
Entropy, dimensionless
Temperature, oK
Density in amagats, based on Po at O°C and one atm of pressure
iv
AEDC-TDR=63=190
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This air Mollier diagram was prepared for the purposes .of data reduction in the operation of wind tunnels at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC), Air Force Systems Command (AFSC), USAF. This diagram represents the most recently available information on the thermodynamic properties of air, . including the effects of dissociation, ionization, and of intermolecular potentials to the second virial correction. The diagram covers the range of temperatures from the saturation line to 15, OOooK and the range of densities from 10- 7 to from 200 to 250 amagats. Above 1500oK, the plotted data are taken from the tables of Hilsenrath and Klein (Ref. 1), whereas the data below 15000 K are derived from the tables of Humphrey and Neel (Ref. 2) which combine information from various sources, notably the tabl~s of Din (Ref. 3). Data below 90oK, as well as all data at densities below 10- 7 amagat, were generated mainly by extrapolation, using the method described in Ref. 4. The tables of Din (Ref. 3) provide explicit data for the saturation line at pressures from one atmosphere upwards. At pressures below one atmosphere, the saturation line is based on the work of Furukawa and McCoskey (Ref. 5) and of Erickson. and Creekmore (Ref. 6), the latter being based on vapor-pressure data for pure nitrogen and oxygen.
Enthalpy, expressed as H/R having dimensions of degrees Kelvin, is plotted vertically on a logarithmic scale through four decimal orders of magnitude. The dimensionless entropy, S /R, is the other basic variable. Lines at constant density are identified by their values of log P / Po' in which the ratio p / Po is the density in amagats. The constant pressure lines are marked in atmospheres and the constant temperature in degrees Kelvin.
The appendix contains a short list of useful conversion factors.
REFERENCES
1. Hilsenrath, J., and Klein, M. "Tables of Equilibrium Properties of Air Including Second Virial Corrections. II AEDC-TDR-63-161. September 1963.
2. Humphrey, R. L., and Neel, C. A. "Tables of the Thermodynamic Properties of Air from 90 to 1500oK." AEDC-TN-61-103, August 1961.
Manuscript received August 1963.
1
AEDC.TDR·63~190
3. Din, F. Thermodynamic Functions of Gas es. Vol. 1, Butterworths Scientific Publications, London, 1961.
4. Humphrey, R. L., Little, W. J., and Seely, L. A. "Mollier Diagram for Nitrogen. 11 AEDC-TN-60-83, May 1960 ..
5. Furukawa, G. T., and McCoskey, R. E. l1The Condensation Line of Air and the Heats of Vaporization of Oxygen arid Nitrogen. 11
National Bureau of Standards Technical Report 1775. August 1, 1952.
6. Erickson, W. D., and Cre~kmore, H. S. l1A Study of Equilibrium Real-Gas Effects in Hypersonic Air Nozzles, Including Charts of Thermodynamic Properties of Equilibrium Air." NASA TN D-231, April 1960.
2
APPENDIX
Conversion Factors To With Units of Multiply by
To Change
H 1 H None T (OK) -R RT
H oR 1.8 -R
H ft2 3. 09235( 10)3
sec 2
Btu 1.23406(10)-1 lb
cal 6.86042(10)-2 gm
S ,ft 2 3.09235(10)3 - S
sec 2 °K R
ft 2 1. 71797(10)3
sec 2 °R
Btu 6.85590(10)-2 --lboR
Btu 1. 23406(10)-1 --lbOK
cal 6.86402(10)-2 gmoK
L P ~ 1. 29304(10)- 3 cm3 Po
Ib 4.67143(10)-5 in. 3
lb 8.07223(10)-2 ft3
3
flO 1ft
~ 1I IiII
" ~ 0 '=' ~ 1I :z
l lie ~ ~ i 1i ::I C If ~ ! ... ... A.. ~ ~
I I -I -I I
.. ~
II ,.. II .c ,.. rI.I V)
)( II ." .: .... . ~ I.b
4
104
103
14 15 16
I
It 17 18 19
SIR Fig.2 Air Mollier Diagram
5
AE DC. TO R·63.190 - -- --
'I J
'J II
I~~ II , .. II I 17 ~ 1 ,
I'~ 1'1.'1/ r>. Ilil ~[I
Ll JiV II I ~ 1/ II B' I~ ~II;I
20 21
9
'HIs u; OZ 61 81 L1 91 91 t1
G01
1'<1 Ie 11, btd.l. ~~
V j{
I) 1\ II 11 1\
11 II 11 II
Il I
II I
_. j-
t
'}Io ''H/H
-
,
,
t= t= t= 801
104-
21
"
--
I
22 23
-
-t -+--
- --
. L_
If -
--
--
Ir~;I I,ll /
~r.... / f. V /
;1.3Pl L V 71/
24
SIR Fig. 4 Air Mollier Diagram
7
-
- -
-
V /
I I,
V ~
II / ,I. / /
~ 1/ / II/ V
V /
"- I 1/-
25 2~
AEDC.TDR.63.190
:c::::-.
--,
,
0
IIC
I 1/ ~ /
't / 01/ IOD~ V 1.1.
V Ii: ~I/.i/ V
" 1 VII ~ ~2 , QI ~
V ~ ~V v~y Io/..~ ~Io ~ ~
~ ". / 1I / V~ I/!I ~~ l
V ILl II/ I ~/-/ ~ 1/ II ~
II ~ II ,
I" ~ V- I .~ -
27 28
IL 'L
It.: 1.1 j
I I [/ 1.1, II I . I IIV
'I ~ 'I I V 19 V '/
II , J
I'lL '/ ~ 1/ II I~
~ II 'I I ~
[/!7 1I 1/ l.I I II II I I
V V:V V I
22
.
" L I
til i II }I ~ / V II) r
/ I I'l II D II 1/
II V 'I If, V
~ I V
r.J 111/
1/ V :; 'IV
v I I V
II I 1/ V V
~ VV V
23
!.Ill ') I !j P I I
'I I I I 1.1 V II V I V V I
." 'I I 'I ' I
I :; II/ I. II / I I/, V' it VIAl 1/1
'I 'I II V 1I v iI II I bf II I
1/11' I IL r'i I II I '/ I V 'I r:.;.1 I,
1I IP I VI [I II/ '/
24 25
SIR Fig.5 Air Mollier Diagram
8
AEDC. TDR.63·190
. .
")i
l') 1 " IAI l~
II IlIl 'I 1/ • j. II I / I I \~ V I IV V
I I' I V lot it ~ ~ V. )"11 IJ
I~~ I ... :,', t~ I V' / I II \It I 1I
'I I ~ ,1) I I
1/ V 1I ~ ~ r' '/ t-:,~ I b' I ~ 10.
v' V I 1/1 '/ I ~~ V V V V ~V ,~t
1/1' IJ 1/ V I ,~ IV V
26 27 28
AEDC· TDR.63.190
;....
-f- . r rl
I I~
'I I I)
16 I/, ilII
i'1'l III II , 17 J I) :l
~ ~ II f- ·110 ~ Ii
I.e " II IJl 1-+-+-+-+-+-+++++++-+-
1 +. ... ...... -... .. .., fi' F-I- ~ p' 11
102 ~~~~~~~wwwwww~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
SIR Fig.6 Air Mollier Diagram
9
IJ ~ 'f ,I V
I' I' 1/ ~ I'
il' I~ f' V
1.11' ~ 1 ~ ; 1 II
/, 1 I 1/ r i.I' il I' V 1/ I' II
V I' I' I' I/rl
I' I' I ~ /
J I' V II II ,I I' II I' II ~
/ ~ li- I' II / ~-
, 'f 1/
29 30
'" I'V ;/ I' 1/ V 1/ ... " "
I? '" 1/ ~
II I" ~ '" v 1/ ~ ~
k" ~ I' ;I '" ",If 1/ ~ V III II
II 1/ VI' 1/ VI' // Ji'
~ 1/ IV ~ [I
~ II I' I I' V
-V 1/ ~ V V 1
V 19 V ~
31 32
SIR Fig.7 Air Mollier Diagram
10
AEDC.TDR·63·190
--
t' L
'" rn It: L " I' '" ~ II' i' ~ [~ .",
'" a.~ '" 1/ ~ V' IJ ~ I' 1 V V. ~ )(V '" 1/ V ;t l..I:
", l{ I' ~-.,.
I'V II III' iii' I' 1/11 II' ~ ~II'
1'1/ 'I' 'J ~~ [I 1/ I' ~~ V /,V [S~ V' t)# 1.1'
V lIY I' 1 ~ V I' 8,1'
ttll V I' I ~ II II ~ I' ~ 1/ [I' III
/.VV ~ VII 1'2 1411 ~ .j
33 34 35
~~
f
II
1/
rt
[j
II
1/ 103
28
IJ
_It.·
'71/
'.
1/ 1/
/ '(J II
1/
V 1/ I)
1/ 1I i1 /
I II V II I) 1/ ~
1/ 1/ rJ II ~ 1/
V 1/ ,1/1)
29
.,
.
,
1/
IJ II 1/
/ 1/11 / [I 1/ )
V ~ 'I 1/
IJ 1/ II ~ lIiI
1/ 'I 1/ II II
1/ ~ r; /11 I
30
:-=
\
I ,,I . V II It:.
/I L III/ ~ II 'I 1/ II 12
'I 1/ I 'I 'I I 1/ V I ~ V
II ,I iii iI II / II ~
1/ 1/ ILl! I/~ II ti' II 1.1 [) IL II VI/
~ 1/ 1/ 'I ~ V 1/ II rJ V II
.II/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 01/ II
1/ Iii 'I VI V ILrL
31 32
SIR Fig.8 Air Mollier Diagram
11
~
AE DC. TD R.63.190
,-
... .,
"'- l&'
IA.I~ II
II ISo ~ II '/,1 ~ i"~
~ I ) ;. 19
" I 'I 1/ " I 1/ II ~ 1/ II V 1/ ~ 1/
l~ II i/ :i" '4", ltv 1/
1/ 1/ III/ ~V lW / /It 1// Ii 1/ " ls '" 1/
1/ 1I II II iii ~ 1/ ~ ., f1 V ~ II, <V :..4 1/ 1/ V I/~ 1/ 1/ I~~ b J~
II l-:" lLll IL V~ r/ / 1/ II j
33 34 35
AE DC. TDR.63.190
,
-
H/R, <>x ,
,
-
I V 1/
I 1/ 1/ I V II tf
I ~~ "" 1/ Is.
II j V 1/ 'I 1111 II IL 1/ Li" f\.J0'
1/ V I 1/ / 1/ VII V I I ~V / L L IY ,- I J 1/ ',I V I 11/ 1/ V V " VI , II I 1/ V I V '1', r.c' V 1<2' Ii' I'
~ II II ~ ~ I II 1/ V 'l VV I~ 1/ to- J 1/ tI 1/ II 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ V ,,"II I~II "
,'', J ~ 1'1 ~ foil 1/ " / :; / II V II/ J, V V II II u: 1/
"
l- V Ii I) Ii 1/ 1/ I..l 1I /., ) ~AI ~ 2f;i",i.2' I"" iL i/Y II VI/ 1/ rj I II)
, i~~
fZ"r-. ~ 1/ I '/ 1/ 1/ ~ ~ ~
, r i 1/ II ~o ~ ) I, r~ ~ ~ -ITIIT, T 1111111-- -
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
SIR Fig.9 Air Mollier Diagram
12
106
,
!
'i"'r v I--
vI-- l- I--,
J..- f.'~ ~~I--
I-' J..- I,.; v e:: ~ "" ~ I:::
36 37
-
6!:!i ~ I-- ~
"" ""'~ 10- J,..
100- 1001" ~ ,..", 10- "",Ir= 10-
~ 60 ~ P !joI I,.; j..oli:l I'.i
~ l~ ~ ~
i,o~ I-- I>~
""F.- ~ ~i=i= 1;0 ~
38 39
SiR Fig.10 Air Mollier Diagram
13
AEDC· TDR.63.190
j...I ri- p. ~
"" k ~ ",,~io' ~
1:::"" ~ ~'"' I:-
--~ ~ pI"' k:
r;; __ ~ ~t;iJ.: [Q,[Q. ",FF' I-- I!=
~ Ii:~ D 1--1-'
"" 1lr~1'I ~ 1-::1:= I-'
"" 1:::=-- r.::'" ~ ~Ic' J..- ... 1-
~I:::= ~~ ""t; I-- ~~~ 40 41 42
·I·~- .
I' i-' V Y Y
V V Y -
V ~ V v II Ioo'~ yo 11 ~ bI II II V V
~ I ... V ~ y y v
V II II II '" v ~ ~ II 1/11' V ~ ~ V I.; 11
V ~ ~ '/ ~ V I"
'" II ~ II ~ I'll
'/ ~V' II'rl II 1/
I? 1/ 1/ 1111 1/
36
. -
-
,
-I
-
- -
--
-
V f-:; !C.I--:
t,.- V J...:: V-
l"1/ V V t,.- t,.-
V I,. v r:: f'l.
y ~
V
'" V
po
~ 11
II
37
~ b-V ~
I.; V v V V "'v v
v v -vV' r;.. V V "'~ V
v ~!.o- v 1/1'/
V 1/1." I-~ lilt c.-it'
1t>~1' V II ]I 11 ~ ~bl.-
1/ 1/ 1/ 11'1/ 17 1/ -
38 39
SiR Fig. 11 Air Mollier Diagram
14
AEDC.TDR.63.190
~ --., - E::
f'i~
-
t;>
.~
r :- -. -. - , - -
---
r I
. -- I;;;:
Iii k'
Y.: ):- V: I,. V V-
j,o/ Q t,.- V Tl'~ ~
il>" ,
v V- I{ j,-y
"'" ~ jill!'"
L" II V V ~ f-- V ~
III Y V t& ~ I? rJII~ ~ b- V [;; ~ tt
~ V 11 . t,.-II i-' V t( 0 Ie V 1-::'" ~
17 1--:1.- I ~ , ~ i-1~V .,,- II
1/ I; 1/ Id:~ 1Iv Ji ~V' 11 k:I! J.- br'~I1V V V II' b':~ /I' II
~ '" vI.; IIV' Ji1:p 1/ 11 I;~~ i)\>
1/ 1110-v~ vi/ v/,.Y 1I~ vII' ItH ~F- ~
40 41 42
AEDC.TDR.63.190
,
'L
'" V tL
" . ll) rJ 1/ II rt' 1/
1/ 1/ V 1/ IJ I l" ItI / / / II / II I Gil rJ Ii
!hi V V V / / V V / V V I>' / oj 1/ VOl 1/ V ,/ / , II illY I /, 1/'4 I
1/ '/ I' 1/ /'1 II' 'I II 1/11 II ''I !/ 'I 'I V II ~ ~
V V V 1/ Ifl II VII V 11/ II V 1111 l? 1(1/ 1/ V I / V I; IL,
/ 1/ 'I II Ii ~ I / V 1/ 14 1/ V 1/ V 1 ~V 'I
1/ 1/ V,) / I 1/ V II 'I , ~ I)" Ill"
V I r, '" II! II Ii 1/ 1/ 'I I/, II I ")0
il 1/ j 1/[1 1/ 1/ 1/ '/ 1/11 / VV !e"
36 37 38 39 40 41 42
SIR Fig. 12 Air Mollier Diagram
15
H/R, ~
I
'I
I/. If V IL I~
1.( ~ 1/ V
II 1/ 1/ V
II V II III/ '.I I/: 1/ 1/ II
IL IJJ If II
II V' 1,1 Ii II 1/ II II. 1/ 1/
~ II IJJ 1/1/ II 1/ IIV 1/
1/ IIII tI 1/1/ 1/
102
35 36
.. -
_.
r - -1
- .
,
,
I
1/ Ii J. ~ II :\
L I ~
[J , I .... 'I IU II
.J .. 'J 7 1/ I 1/ V' IA 'I V
1/ V' l-I/ 'J / V V 1/ 1/ 'I 1/ IY 1/1/ ,1/ V V V 1/ 1/
1/ !.1 I? IJ; Itjll II II
II IJ 1/ 1/ 'I 1/ 01/ 1/ iI I.tV illI 1/ ~ ~ II ~ VlW I.W II
II /) 1/ II 1/ iJ I IA II 1& 1/11 1/ 1/11 II I) ,V
ti
37
1/1/ 1/ 1/ 1111 IIii' 1\11111
38 39
SIR Fig.13 Air Mollier Diagram
16
1/ i) Ii ~Ii'
VI? 111) 1/
40
AEDC.TDR·63.190 -.
--'-
J ~ , rI
II II
Ii' I~ ,I 1/ ~
:/ 1/ I j II rJ
/) iiI. II 1/1) 1/
1/ II 1/1\ ~
17/1 ~
41 42
106
0
1;::=
I:::;~.
i=::
105
42
... ~
l' ~
'"
~ '"
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..-
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:::::
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.... ... II>
'9 ~D
i'" b::
F== I?~ ~i-"F= :::: --... ~ E::;:?
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... :;; F-'''' ~;::: I--~P ". I-- f- :::F'
43 44
-
-
-
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~ 0
I"" ... "'f:'r-- ""
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9~ p::: ~~ ~
f- ::!I~ --1';
I-;:;::::Fi=i I-: ~ ... "'" ~, :::. ~
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45 46
SiR Fig. 14 Air Mollier Diagram
17
AEDC.TDR.63.190
f"" -- i-"
l;:: f-
" ""~ I~~ f" i'" f-
f-i'" .,.I iJ:: .. ~ ~ :'''' f-i-"-- -- !5i~'" i:! ::trt
.' f- I::i,o; ,1I \.I :;:
i"" ... ~
... H'" .. ~F 0
47 48 49
i-"
II': ~
; ~;... ~
.; .;
... ~ .;
I-' ~~
r -
~
i-"
~
.,
SIR Fig. 15 Air Mollier Diagram
18
! ~._. I
AEDC.TDR.63.190
_'" i"'" ,,:,,,, -r-
AEDC. TDR.63.190
I.
~.
103 ~~~~~~uu~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LLLLLL~LLLLU
42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
SIR Fig.16 Air Mollier Diagram
19
-i-+-
~1=tt: :.l --H=!··· 1±±_4=: ~~;
- --1 -
__ ..i. __ _
r= -l· t:t~+tt:t:t::tl=t:1 ~tt:t=t::t+=I=1=t=-:~: :,: J: It: -L . ::i-(
~$t~~~~~.1.~r~--:.i~-:- +-I:!~ - - I I -1-1.-
f-I+-l
AEDC.TDR.63.190
~£l-=t-:-+ . +-t-+ --j-
-~:::
.. 1-
,-
l:~ .I1=~1· .-l L-H-H--H
t--f ---t-
, .. -i--1'--+-+--I--1-+-I--I--1 f- iT:·· + -+- I--i- r!.~.~~ +-i-t--cH-t--cl--t---r-
1ff--hf'+cILh.f-+-l.Il--i-, i - - -,-'- -- +- H-++-H-I-+-I--++-HI--+-t-+-H-I-~+++-+-I'--+-t-+++-+-jl--+-t-+-H-+-f-+-+-H '1- -f- -(- ---j-t+-t-+-HH-+-t--j-j-t-+++-+-+--H-+-t--H-+++++-H-+H+-+-+--++
I -f'-r - 1-- - -I 1A---H-vlH-.:I4-,i'J I I t ~:~ T I --j---i-t-t-t+i-t-l-ll-t-i-+-i-+ ti~t1~t:iT~- - I , -H-I! H-i-t-hH-+-t--j-j-I--H--t- +--+-+-+-+-t-+-+ f-i . +-1--+++--+.-1-1--1
II J-:Flt- . I~~ =ti I·+=+-++-+-H -H-t-i-t--H-i-
I-J+-IL¥-+-v-l. ,-PT_'H-+-+-t-+-H-I-H-.t- _.~i' t - -H-+i+-H+~·ttt~~~~ttt~~~~~ttt~~=-H-+r
1 _L~~I--.l_ .. !I~!- i ,-- _l
tt +-+++-HH-t-+-H-I-H I-+--I---H-f-I-I-++-H-++--I---H-H-+H+-+-+--+--I--+-t--H-+++++-H-++--I---H-l-·:- .1
1
I-+-l-+-+~-++-++--l- -I '
42 43 44
, ·,-+-1--++-11- ~- - -+
-i-Hl--+-++t-ci-t-l-II-t-t-+-t-+1-I-+-+-t--+I-t-t+i-t-H-+ -l-HH-~-1-+-l~
45 46 47 48 49
SIR Fig. 17 Air Mollier Diagram
20
106 f-+-r'--, -)---1-
t---~ -=r
1=1=i-t=i~ 1
H-, r-r
,- -I-
i
l-
"'" p- 1-1--
1oo!I::= 100
I--;..1--
I--105
49
l-
1-'''"
=j= -,
I
-
- -
+---
r~ I-"
j...; ~
j..oo
l-""
I-- I--'" i-"
I-
1::::1::::
l-I- l-
50 51
AEDC.TDR·63·]90
- ~~ r - -- H-,~ -1'--' L
- - --
, -
,-,
-'
I
T -
I
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- •. I - -- --
-- - - - , ---::t=
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-
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Io-~ f-1 I... I- k I~ , ~ l- ~ I- r,~ l--! ~~I'" I-'~
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'" l- ""IE! I::::
looP. l- I .... t::::t:= r..t:: \1- Jt'~ S~ \
52 53 54 55 56
SIR Fig. 18 Air Mollier Diagram
21
.~f" ....
~t-t-f-::.io"'~b.I"'1f-l,--1~~....j..-H .. irv';"· "f-+-~ ... -~ ii' '"
~~~+¥~4A~~.~~~.~~
AEDC.TDR.63.190
~ .. I 0'" ! ·j--:V~~t",~oh:l.-.,I,-.l--I-l--J..-.I- I-HH--j~I-I~ -+-+-+-+-f +++++++++++-+-l-H-H-+-If-+-l-l-H-H-H--I-l
~ v~~~~·~··~~~~-rr-~++tttttrrrHYH~~~++++++~-~~~~rlH~t~++++++~~~ ~?~~v~bvhHHi~++-~rrHH~++++~~HY~~+~++~~~++++~~~~++++~W
50 51 52
SIR Fig. 19 Air MoWer Diagram
22
53 54 55 56
-'-
-
,
,
-, . ,
jj
~ u:
F
I-- :::: ::::
...... ~ ~
....... ",,,,,,lor" ~
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59 60
SiR Fig. 20 Air Mollier Diagram
2.3
AEDC.TDR.63.190
-
- .
~
.p.,I::.~
~
, ~ 1'\ .... i:::"1r -
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~ 0 f.o --
lI.. ;:: ,4· ..... .!t l.s
... r-:::: £ ~~ ... ........ ~
........ ~4--.1:::: "
-;:: " -::: :::: -- 'il-
61 62 63
AEDC. TDR.63.190
104 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
56 57 58 59
SIR Fig.21 Air Mollier Diagram
24
60 61 62 63
, ,
Io-
i==
f... F*='F"
105
63
r-o"
f-' I'"
I-' 1-1-
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64
-
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65
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i-:!~ . ~ j:::: ,,111
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I::: "'I~ I!tl--
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~~ hi-de 1-1- btl. ~PFI::! ,&
t- f-I- H-l- +-
66 67
SIR Fig. 22 Air Mollier Diagram
2!1
~
A E DC. TO R.63.190
.,
-
t- -I ,
, - -
- -----
f-
i='
1-01==
I--
-,:t,. F=
t::: .. ~ f-' t"l f- lo"
b-- 10"1""
I-
F-6 I- t:t1. I; .I- ~ lQ:
+-Il-~ ~
68 69 70
AEDC.TDR.63·190
104 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.
63 64 65 66 67
SIR Fig.23 Air Mollier Diagram
26
68 69 70
106
fo-I-
1"''':'
I::F'
I-
105
70
I-
,
-
~
I-
l-
1-'1-' ;... "I-'~
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I:- F 1-1-' 1= ..
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71 72
-
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I~ ;:
~
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::: .r: i"" roo ....
-~I-
...
13 74
SIR Fig. 24 Air Mollier Diagram
27
AEDC.TDR·63·190
-
-
..
-- ~
:::
f-:: ~
;<:
.J~
-fo-
I~f~o,
:;~E It'"
75 76 77
· ,
71 72 73 74
SIR
Fig. 25 Air Mollier Diagram
28
AEDC.TDR·63.190
75 76 77
. .
106
-- ......
'f)
--t~t- :.- -+---+-i·· I-:le rl-' -+-. :-1-'±±: -++
I+-
AEDC.TDR.63.190
H·
- -+-
'.: .
o
o
105 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-u~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
77 78 79 80 81
SIR Fig. 26 Air Mollier Diagram
29
82 83 84
AEDC.TDR·63.190
=r- --
H/R, oK
()
105~~~~~~~wwwwww~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
84 85 86 87
S/R Fig. 27 Air Mollier Diagram
30
88 89 90 91
".
AEDC. TDR.63.190
106
105WW~~~WW~~~LU~~LLUW~~LU~~~LU~~LLLU~~LLUU~~LU
91 92 93 94
SIR
Fig. 28 Air Mollier Diagram
31
95 96 97 98
,
105
98 99 100 101 102
SIR Fig. 29 Air Mollier Diagram
32
AEDC-TDR-63_190
~~
103 104 105
106
~~
105
105
=
I
106 107
AEDC-TDR-63-190
" ~
~
108 109 110 111 112
SIR Fig. 30 A ir Moll ier 0 iagram
33
105 112 113
II
114 115
SIR Fig.31 Air Mollier Diagram
34
AEDC.TDR·63.190
-
116 117 118 119
106
105 119
I
I
I
,
:
120 121
A EDC. TDR.63.190
I I
• ~
I
122 123 124 125 126
SIR
Fig. 32 Air Moll ier 0 iagram
35
•
105
126 127 128 129 130
SIR
Fig.33 Air Mollier Diagram
36
AEDC.TDR.63·190
131 132 133
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