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Izydorczak 1
Unit III B
•Medieval Europe
(Middle Ages)
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Battle of Tours:
Battle at Tours, France where Christian armies stopped Islam from advancing
into Christian Europe.
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Moors:Name given to Muslims in Spain (Islam was
spreading into Europe from N. Africa
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Charles Martel:Christian leader who defeated
Muslim armies at Battle of Tours
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Charlemagne:Powerful Frankish ruler who built a large
Christian empire in central Europe
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Feudalism:Political system in which nobles or lords are granted land from the king in exchange for
loyalty and military service
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Manorialism:
Economic system of feudalism; Medieval lord’s estate {self-sufficient}
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Feudal Class System:Rigid class system in Europe during feudalism
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Lords:
Powerful landowners
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Vassal:A person owing service to a feudal lords
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Fief:
Land granted by a lord to a vassal
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Knights:
Warriors who defended
their Lords lands
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Chivalry:Behavior code of Medieval knights which stresses discipline, loyalty and respect
To fear God and maintain His ChurchTo serve the liege lord in valour and faithTo protect the weak and defencelessTo give succour to widows and orphansTo refrain from the wanton giving of offenceTo live by honour and for gloryTo despise pecuniary rewardTo fight for the welfare of allTo obey those placed in authorityTo guard the honour of fellow knightsTo eschew unfairness, meanness and deceitTo keep faithAt all times to speak the truthTo persevere to the end in any enterprise begunTo respect the honour of womenNever to refuse a challenge from an equalNever to turn the back upon a foe.
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Serf:
Peasants bound to land of their feudal lords
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Clergy:Church officials [Priests, monks,
nuns, bishops, etc..].
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Tithe
Church tax.
Tynemouth Priory - Late medieval church and graveyard
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GothicChurch style of architecture in medieval Europe (example: ribbed arches, stain glass windows,
flying buttress, pointed arches, tall spires).
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Canon Law
Church laws and standards that guided Christians during the Middle ages
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Interdiction
(Form of punishment) Church punishment, cutting off official church functions, services,
etc., in a particular area.7/2013
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Lay Investiture:Appointment of religious officials
(clergy) by kings or nobles.
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Usury:Appointment of religious officials
(clergy) by kings or nobles.
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Simony:Practice of selling positions in the church
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Inquisition:Roman Catholic church court in charge of
investigating & prosecuting charges of heresy- especially active in SPAIN during the 1400’s.
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Anti-Semitism:
Prejudice against Jews.
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Unit III B
•Crusades
(Middle Ages)
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Crusades:European Christian military expeditions made between the 11th and 13th centuries to retake the Middle Eastern
Holy Lands occupied by the Muslims.
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Holy Land:Term given to lands in present day Israel that is significant to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
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Seljuk TurksDynasty that controlled Turkey during the 11th and 12th centuries. The Seljuk disruption of European travel to the Holy Lands resulted in the Crusades.
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Saladin:Muslim leader during the crusaders
who captured Jerusalem, allows unarmed Christians to worship in peace
in the holy land. This deal was struck with Richard the Lionhearted.
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Commercial Revolution:Economic changes decreasing the role of feudalism and
Manorialism towards systems of capitalism, trade and commerce between the 1000 and 1300. Expansion of
business and trade as agriculture increased.
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Gentry:Wealthy landowners
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Guild:Association of artisans and tradesmen formed to protect mutual interests and
maintain standards during Medieval age
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Hanseatic League:Band of German merchant traders working
cooperatively to protect their trade interests and eventually monopolized trade on the Baltic and
North Seas.
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Vernacular:
Common, everyday language – not Latin.
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Bubonic Plague/Black Death:Epidemic during the 13th and 14th centuries killing
millions in China and killing one-third of Europeans
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Nation-state:An independent nation or country.
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Common Law:[English Common Law] A unified body of law formed from rulings of England’s royal judges that serves as the basis for law in many English-speaking countries
today – like the USA.
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Magna Carta(Great Charter) A document guaranteeing basic political rights in England, Power of
purse to Parliament. Drawn up by nobles and “approved” by King John (1215) **First time a
monarch’s power is reduced.
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Parliament:
England’s governing body – the legislature.
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Estates General:The governing body of France (legislature) PRE-
FRENCH REVOLUTION
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Hundred Years’ War:Conflict in which England and France
battled on French soil over English claims to French lands.[1337-1453]
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Joan of Arc:French peasant girl who rallied French troops to defeat the English in the Hundred Years’ War –
thus enabling Charles to become king of France.
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