Urban Underground Space and Benefits of Going...

ITA Open Session - Singapore - 25 May 2004 1

Urban Underground Space and Benefits of Going Underground

Jean-Paul GODARDPast Vice-President, ITA

France

World Tunnel Congress 2004 and 30th ITA General Assembly

Singapore, 22-27 May 2004

ITA OPEN SESSION

ITA Open Session - Singapore - 25 May 2004 2

The Urban Problems

• 3 Billions in 2003 – 5 Billions in 2030• 50% of the World’s Population in 2007• Will double in 38 years• Mainly in less developed regions• Very slow in the more developed regions

(1) Growth of the Urban Population

ITA Open Session - Singapore - 25 May 2004 3

The Urban Problems(2) Allocating the « Urban Space »

to the various urban functions

ITA Open Session - Singapore - 25 May 2004 4

The Urban Problems(2) Allocating the « Urban Space »

to the various urban functions

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The Urban Problems(3) Necessity of favouring

economic development

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The Urban Problems(4) Pressures on the urban environment

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The Urban Problems(5) Impacts on global environment

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The RELATIONSHIPbetween the CITY and its

UNDERGROUND SPACE

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The Relationship between the City and its Underground Space

(1) Immediate underground level or « sub-surface »

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The Relationship between the City and its Underground Space

(2) Deep level or « underground »

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The Relationship between the City and its Underground Space

(3) The reliefs

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BENEFITSresulting from the use of the

URBAN UNDERGROUND SPACE

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UndergroundSpace

Characteristics

Protection

Opacity

Space

Containment

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BENEFITSas regards

LAND USEAND LOCATION PROBLEMS

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Benefits as regardsLAND USE AND LOCATION PROBLEMS

PARIS – « AUBER » Station – RER Line A

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Benefits as regardsLAND USE AND LOCATION PROBLEMS

SYDNEY – Underground Opera House car park

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Benefits as regardsLAND USE AND LOCATION PROBLEMS

PARIS Metro – « Meteor » Line 14

ITA Open Session - Singapore - 25 May 2004 18

Benefits as regardsLAND USE AND LOCATION PROBLEMS

« Separate conflicting transport activities »

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Benefits as regardsLAND USE AND LOCATION PROBLEMS

PARIS – Several levelsof transport facilities

below the « Nation » Square

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BENEFITSas regards

ISOLATION

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Benefits as regards ISOLATION(1) Climate

The « Santa Claus Village » on the Arctic Circle - Finland

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Benefits as regards ISOLATION(1) Climate

Underground storage facilities- Kansas City - USA

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Benefits as regards ISOLATION(2) Earthquakes

Kobe earthquake – Japan - 1995

Severe damage to the City Hall Almost no damage to the underground shopping mall

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Benefits as regards ISOLATION(3) Noise and vibration

Church in the rock – Helsinki - Finland

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Benefits as regards ISOLATION(4) Multi-purpose

service tunnels

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BENEFITSas regards

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

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Benefits as regardsENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

(1) Aesthetics

Car park in Marseilles - France

BEFORE AFTER

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Benefits as regardsENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

(2) Public utilities

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Benefits as regardsENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

(3) Traffic tunnels

The « Central Artery » - Boston - USA

BEFORE AFTER

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Benefits as regardsENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

(4) Underground car parks

Underground car park below a schoolyard – Stockholm - Sweden

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BENEFITSas regards

TOPOGRAPHY

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Benefits as regardsTOPOGRAPHY CONSTRAINTS

Metro Line crossing the « Butte Montmartre » - Paris

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The Trans-Tokyo Bay Highwyay

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Benefits as regardsTOPOGRAPHY CONSTRAINTS

« 3D Planning »

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How to getMORE BENEFITS

from the use of theURBAN UNDERGROUND SPACE ?

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How to get more benefits from the use of the urban underground space ?

(1) Safety, psychological and health aspects

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How to get more benefits from the use of the urban underground space ?

(2) Protection of the underground environment

Paris - Catacombs Paris – « Grand Louvre »

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How to get more benefits from the use of the urban underground space ?

(3) Relations between underground structures and the ground surface

Paris – Metro Line 1 in Neuilly Lyon – Portal of the Fourviere Tunnel

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How to get more benefits from the use of the urban underground space ?

(3) Relations between underground structures and the ground surface

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How to get more benefits from the use of the urban underground space ?

(3) Relations between underground structures and the ground surface

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How to get more benefits from the use of the urban underground space ?

(4) Construction techniques

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Paris - Champs Elysées Avenue

Maintaining treesduring the construction

of an underground car park

How to get more benefits from the use of the urban underground space ?

(4) Construction techniques

ITA Open Session - Singapore - 25 May 2004 43

Construction disruption with Cut & Cover methods

How to get more benefits from the use of the urban underground space ?

(4) Construction techniques

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How to get more benefits from the use of the urban underground space ?

• Site investigation• Location and features of existing underground

structures, facilities and public utilities• Economical considerations• Assessment of the projects• Risk analysis

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Risk analysis• Financial risks

• Public acceptance for the facility

• Changed ground conditions

• Construction risks

• Contractual risks

• Environmental risks

• Risks in operation

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Criteria for an optimum useof Urban Underground Space

Source : R.Sterling & J-P.Godard

• Take into account the needs of the Community• Maximize the benefits from the use of the

underground as developable space• Reinforce the positive features of the surface urban

environment• Make the most effective use of the features and

properties of the geologic setting• Design for « sustainability » in the use of the

subsurface space

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FromUrban Underground Space

Usetowards

Urban Underground Space Development

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Expanded Use of Underground Space

Henard’s Project - France (1903)

Urban Underground Space Development