Arthropods Notes

ArthropodsArthropods

Our hard-shelled Our hard-shelled friends…..and foes!friends…..and foes!

Characteristics of Characteristics of ArthropodsArthropods

SegmentedSegmented Jointed appendagesJointed appendages Hard external skeletonHard external skeleton 3 parts-head, thorax, abdomen 3 parts-head, thorax, abdomen

(arachnids exception)(arachnids exception) Exoskeleton-hard, external skeleton Exoskeleton-hard, external skeleton

made of chitinmade of chitin Molting- shed old exoskeleton and Molting- shed old exoskeleton and

secrete a larger one, very vulnerable secrete a larger one, very vulnerable after moltingafter molting

Body partsBody parts

Ganglia-clusters of nerve cells along a Ganglia-clusters of nerve cells along a nerve cordnerve cord

Compound eyes-may facets each with Compound eyes-may facets each with their own lenses, some have single their own lenses, some have single lenses and some have bothlenses and some have both

Spiracles-holes in the exoskeleton that Spiracles-holes in the exoskeleton that allow gas exchange (book lungs in allow gas exchange (book lungs in arachnids)arachnids)

Trachea-chitin lined tubes in spiraclesTrachea-chitin lined tubes in spiracles

Arthropod Ancestors-Arthropod Ancestors-TrilobitesTrilobites

Diversity of ArthropodsDiversity of Arthropods

First arthropods evolved in sea about First arthropods evolved in sea about 560 mya560 mya

4,000 species of trilobites4,000 species of trilobites Spider-like arthropods abundant in Spider-like arthropods abundant in

sea 300 mya, only 4 species left-sea 300 mya, only 4 species left-horseshoe crabs-changed very littlehorseshoe crabs-changed very little

Crustaceans live in mostly aquatic Crustaceans live in mostly aquatic environments, specialization of environments, specialization of appendages;clawsappendages;claws

TypesTypes

Curstaceans-lobsers, crayfish, rabs, Curstaceans-lobsers, crayfish, rabs, shrimp, barnacles, copepods, Isopods shrimp, barnacles, copepods, Isopods (pillbugs,sowbugs)(pillbugs,sowbugs)

Arachnids-spiders, scorpions, mites and Arachnids-spiders, scorpions, mites and ticksticks

Insects-beetles, ants, grasshoppers, Insects-beetles, ants, grasshoppers, butterflies, dragonflies,etcbutterflies, dragonflies,etc

Myriapods- centipedes-venomous, Myriapods- centipedes-venomous, millipedes- toxic chemicals, smell/taste millipedes- toxic chemicals, smell/taste badbad

Class ArachnidaClass Arachnida

Scorpions, spider, ticks, mitesScorpions, spider, ticks, mites 2 boy sections-cephalothorax and 2 boy sections-cephalothorax and

abdomenabdomen Chelicerae-fanglike mouthparts to Chelicerae-fanglike mouthparts to

paralyze prey with poisonparalyze prey with poison Pedipalps-mouthpart typically used to Pedipalps-mouthpart typically used to

manipulate prey once it has been manipulate prey once it has been paralyzed or for matingparalyzed or for mating

Malpighian tubules-remove wastes Malpighian tubules-remove wastes from fluids in body cavityfrom fluids in body cavity

ArachnidsArachnids

Book lungs-specialized respiratory Book lungs-specialized respiratory structures and provide large surface structures and provide large surface for gas exchange, some use tracheafor gas exchange, some use trachea

Almost all arachnids live on land and Almost all arachnids live on land and have several adaptations to help have several adaptations to help them retain water.them retain water.

TypesTypes

Spiders-have silk glands made from Spiders-have silk glands made from spinnerets; many hunt for prey or use spinnerets; many hunt for prey or use webswebs

Scorpions-nighttime hunters in deserts, Scorpions-nighttime hunters in deserts, venomous stinger at the end of the tail, venomous stinger at the end of the tail, body glows in a black lightbody glows in a black light

Mites/ticks-suck sap or blood, sucking Mites/ticks-suck sap or blood, sucking mouthparts, transmit diseases, Lyme mouthparts, transmit diseases, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, tick paralysistick paralysis

SpidersSpiders

Not really spiders but Not really spiders but close…close…

ScorpiansScorpians

All scorpians glow in a black light

Mites and TicksMites and Ticks

Class CrustaceaClass Crustacea

Decapods-ten legs, pincers and walking Decapods-ten legs, pincers and walking legs, most are marine, crayfish are legs, most are marine, crayfish are freshwater and a few land crabs exist in freshwater and a few land crabs exist in tropical areastropical areas

2 body parts-cephalothorax and abdomen2 body parts-cephalothorax and abdomen Carapace-portion of the exoskeleton that Carapace-portion of the exoskeleton that

cover cephalothoraxcover cephalothorax Mandibles-bite and grind foodMandibles-bite and grind food Lobsters, crayfish, crabs, shrimpLobsters, crayfish, crabs, shrimp

Barnacles and CopepodsBarnacles and Copepods

Barnacles secrete calcium carbonate Barnacles secrete calcium carbonate to make their shellsto make their shells

Copepods are very small but play a Copepods are very small but play a big part in food chainsbig part in food chains

IsopodsIsopods

Most are small marine crustaceans, Most are small marine crustaceans, but also include large animals and but also include large animals and terrestrial pillbugs/sowbugsterrestrial pillbugs/sowbugs

DecapodsDecapods

IsopodsIsopods

Barnacles and CopepodsBarnacles and Copepods

Class InsectaClass Insecta

3 main body parts-head, thorax, abdomen3 main body parts-head, thorax, abdomen 6 walking legs6 walking legs WingsWings Malpighian tubules for wasteMalpighian tubules for waste Tracheal system and spiracles for gas Tracheal system and spiracles for gas

exchangeexchange Young often have completely different Young often have completely different

behavioral and eating patterns in complete behavioral and eating patterns in complete metamorphosismetamorphosis

Entomology-study of insectsEntomology-study of insects

Class Insecta-Complete Class Insecta-Complete MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Changes from one completely different Changes from one completely different form into another adult form.form into another adult form.

Has various stages of larva and pupa Has various stages of larva and pupa before becoming an adultbefore becoming an adult

Pupa is an inactive stage in which a Pupa is an inactive stage in which a cocoon forms and the insect undergoes cocoon forms and the insect undergoes major physical and chemical changes.major physical and chemical changes.

Examples are: butterflies, moths, Examples are: butterflies, moths, wasps, bees, beetleswasps, bees, beetles

Class Insecta-Incomplete Class Insecta-Incomplete MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Insect goes through various stages Insect goes through various stages of molting and growing but remain of molting and growing but remain basically the same.basically the same.

Young grows bigger and bigger but Young grows bigger and bigger but has same feeding habits and has same feeding habits and physical appearancephysical appearance

Examples are: praying mantis, Examples are: praying mantis, crickets and grasshopperscrickets and grasshoppers

Class Insecta Includes Class Insecta Includes Many Insect OrdersMany Insect Orders

Coleoptera- beetlesColeoptera- beetles Lepidoptera-butterflies and mothsLepidoptera-butterflies and moths Diptera- flies and mosquitoesDiptera- flies and mosquitoes Hymenoptera- ants, bees, waspsHymenoptera- ants, bees, wasps Hemiptera- the true “bugs” stinkbugs, Hemiptera- the true “bugs” stinkbugs,

water striderswater striders Orthoptera- crickets and grasshoppersOrthoptera- crickets and grasshoppers Odonata- dragonflies and damselfliesOdonata- dragonflies and damselflies Isoptera- TermitesIsoptera- Termites Homoptera- cicadas, aphidsHomoptera- cicadas, aphids

Order ColeopteraOrder Coleoptera

Larval Beetle Forms

Order LepidopteraOrder Lepidoptera

Larval Forms

Order Order DipteraDiptera

Maggots, Diptera LarvaeMaggots, Diptera Larvae

Order Order HymenopteraHymenoptera

Order Order HemipteraHemiptera

The Kissing Bug, transmits the deadly Chagas disease!

Order Order OrthopteraOrthoptera

Order Order OdonataOdonata

Larval Forms

Order Order HomopteraHomoptera

Molted skin

Cicada SongsCicada Songs

Many of these are Many of these are from the Southeast from the Southeast Asia areas, but Asia areas, but there are cicadas there are cicadas that are quite loud that are quite loud around here.around here.

Order IsopteraOrder Isoptera

Termite Queen