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Saadullah Ayaz
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Environmental Fiscal Reforms
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Saadullah Ayaz
ABOUT IUCN
IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources is theworld’s oldest and largest global environmental network- a democratic membershipunion with more than 1,000 government and NGO member organizations, andalmost 11,000 volunteer scientists in more than 160 countries worldwide
IUCN helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environmentand development challenges. It supports scientific research, manages field projectsall over the world and brings governments, non-government organizations, UnitedNations agencies, companies and local communities together to develop and
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Nations agencies, companies and local communities together to develop andimplement policy, laws and best practice
IUCN has a status of an ‘Observer’ in UN General Assembly
WHAT DOES IUCN DO?
Knowledge: IUCN develops and supports cutting edge conservation science, particularly in species, ecosystems, biodiversity, and the impact these have on human livelihoods
Action: IUCN runs thousands of field projects around the world to better manage natural environments
Influence: IUCN supports governments, NGOs, international conventions, UN organizations, companies and communities to develop laws, policy and best-practice
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
to develop laws, policy and best-practice
Empowerment: IUCN helps implement laws, policy and best-practice by mobilizing organizations, providing resources, training people and monitoring results
IUCN- A GLOBAL UNION
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Headquarters in Gland, Switzerland
THE DRIVING FORCE
IUCN’s VISION
A just world that values and
conserves nature
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
IUCN’s Mission
Influence, encourage and assist
societies to conserve the integrity and
diversity of nature and ensure any use
of natural resources is equitable and
ecologically sustainable
CORE PROGRAMME AREAS
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
OUR STRUCTURE
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
IUCN’s VALUE PROPOSITION
Building new
Establishing a common standard for
Imp
ac
t
Knowledge GovernanceEmpowerment
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Reach
Research and data for sustainable
resource management
Applying, and in some cases tailoring,
knowledge to a specific situation
and/or the needs of partners at any level
Building new approaches and a
constituency that can maintain, promote
and extend the application of sustainability
standard for approaches, services
and products that allow for scaling-up,
adaptation and quality control
Imp
ac
t
IUCN IN PAKISTAN
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
A long term commitment since 1985
Several offices, around 112 staff, Country office at Karachi
largest Country Programme of the Union in the World since 1996
MEMBERS IN PAKISTAN – 29
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
�Gilgit-Baltistan Administration
�Pak Env. Protection Found
�Government of Balochistan
Introducing
Environmental Fiscal
Reforms
Bank
ing
with
Nat
ure
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Reforms
Bank
ing
with
Nat
ure
ENVIRONMENT AND POVERTY NEXUS
A healthy environment is crucial to poverty reduction and sustainable growth
With the degradation of ecosystems comes a decline in the quality of environmental
services that ecosystems provide
The annual cost to Pakistan’s economy of environmental damage and natural resource
degradation is nearly 365 billion rupees, or 6% of GDP (WB 2006)
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
degradation is nearly 365 billion rupees, or 6% of GDP (WB 2006)
Immediate and most severe effects of environmental degradation are suffered by the
poor
Strengthening environmental management can support economic growth, while
improving health and productivity. Financing pro-poor environmental management in
conjunction with other development activities is of the utmost importance
WHAT IS EFR?
Innovative policies are required to achieve development targets while ensuring
environmental sustainability. Environmental Fiscal Reform (EFR) is one such
approach, and allows fiscal resources to be managed in such a way that development
challenges can be tackled without sacrificing environmental conservation
BANKING WITH NATURE
EFR has been described as ‘a strategy that redirects government taxation
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
EFR has been described as ‘a strategy that redirects government taxation
and expenditure programmes to create an integrated set of activities in
support of sustainable development and conserves environment’
The idea is to use fiscal instruments, directly or indirectly modifying the prices of
biodiversity related goods and services, to influence behavior in order to provide
incentives for environmental protection. The funds raised through these measures can
be channelled to specific priority sectors, such as environmental conservation and
poverty reduction
It is in this context that environmental fiscal reforms (EFR), and particularly pro-poor EFR, can assist the government in broadening the revenue base, whileachieving both poverty reduction and environmental goals
The environmental benefits of EFR includes; pollution prevention and improvednatural resources management; mobilization of funds for investment in pollutioncontrol and safe disposal of waste; and mobilization of funds for enforcementactivities
ENVIRONMENTAL FISCAL REFORMS
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
VIABLE EFR INSTRUMENTS FOR PAKISTAN
Charging appropriate ‘prices and user charges’ for various natural resourcesextraction activities and social services
Making ‘polluters pay’ for internalizing externalities that polluters impose onthe society; rationalizing environmentally harmful subsidies and taxationmeasures; and streamlining budgetary processes so as to further the goals ofenvironmental improvement and poverty reduction
Environmental Fiscal Reforms
BENEFITS OF EFR (WIN-WIN-WIN)
Poverty Reduction•Improving environmental quality e.g. better natural resource management
or provision of environmental infrastructure:
–poor depend on environment for health, livelihoods and vulnerability
•Fiscal revenues: revenues for pro-poor expenditure on health, education etc
•Protection or compensation to protect poor from price rises
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Environmental Benefits
•Incentives for sustainable natural resource management•Incentives for curbing pollution (air, water, soil)•Funds for environment agencies and investments
Fiscal Benefits•Revenue mobilization•Reduced distortions•Reduced drains on •public finances
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
EFR TESTING AND APPLICATION IN
PAKISTAN
EFR PROJECT PROFILE
AIM:
Poverty reduction and environmental improvement through undertaking a set of
environmental fiscal reforms initiatives.
FINANCIAL SUPPORT:
Swiss Development Cooperation (SDC)
DURATION:
May 2006 to April 2009- Extended till June 2010
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
May 2006 to April 2009- Extended till June 2010
PROJECT PARTNERS:
IUCN, Planning Commission, district Government, Abbottabad
RESEARCH PARTNERS:
Pakistan Institute for Development Economics & Sustainable DevelopmentPolicy Institute
PILOT DISTRICT: Abbottabad
PROJECT COMPONENTS
• Action Research and
Awareness Raising
• Enabling Institutional,
Legal and Policy Framework
• Capacity Building
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
• Piloting Select EFR Options
• Wider Dissemination for Replications
Action Research
- Research reports on solid waste, drinking water, and quarrying and
mining, fiscal decentralization
- Five (05) fact sheets completed (for easy understanding)
- Sector wise recommendations translated into Urdu
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
- Situation analysis of solid waste management in Nawanshehr town
- Water analysis of natural water resources (survey by PCRWR)
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
http://www.iucn.org/about/union/secretariat/offices/asia/asia_where_work/pakistan/projects/archived_projects/proj_arc_efr/
Advocacy, Partnerships and Capacity Building
- Liaison with City District Government of Abbottabad
- Extensive awareness, community organization/ mobilization for
development participatory solid waste management system in
Nawanshehr (pilot)
- Trainings
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
- Trainings
(Community) PSWM, waste segregation, reduction, disposal,
composting)
(Local administration) solid waste management, efficient collection,
waste segregation, safe disposal, route planning/ mapping
PILOTING EFR
OPTIONS
(Case Study of Solid Waste
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
(Case Study of Solid Waste
Management in Abbottabad)
Development and operationalization of a
participatory solid waste management system in UC Nawanshehr
- Social Mobilization~
community groups, youth associations,
school children and women folks
dialogue conducted (70 shopkeepers)
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
door to door campaign (725 houses)
Citizens seminar, youth forum operationalized
- Social Organization~
sixty two (62) community activists
School Environmental Clubs (09 established)
Mohellah Environmental Committees (06)
Capacity building
training of staff of Town Committee on
participatory solid waste management, mapping, segregation, recycling, coordination with line agencies (district government)- 16 staff members trained
training community groups on participatory solid waste management system,
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
solid waste management system, developing and sustaining primary collection system, organizational management, financial record keeping, coordination and liaison development (62 activists trained)
Other ~ training of communities (& women) on kitchen gardening and compositing (90 trainees)
Improved measures for primary collection of waste
model system nine (09) ‘beads’ were developed in the area (each comprising of around 120 households)- at source segregation of organic and recyclables have also been introduced in 09 beads
(08) mohellahs where communities have hired their own waste
collectors through nominal contribution (pro- poor initiative)
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
collectors through nominal contribution (pro- poor initiative)
Development of secondary waste collection system
- Proper designed secondary collection points have been developed innine (09) mohellahs,
- Route planning for waste collectors (map developed)
- Repair of tractor and improvisation of existing trolley
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
the change…
Application of Pro- poor fiscal measures
in solid waste sector
- Eight (08) mohellahs have hired waste
collectors (paid from revenue)
- Revenue from selling recyclables by
School Environment clubs
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
- Nineteen (19 kitchen gardens from
organic compost)
- (19) garbage merchants have been
registered in lieu of payment
of tax to the Town Committee
- A frame- work for scavengers is also
being devised to regulate
their working
ACHIEVEMENTS OF EFR PROJECT
• Progress achieved as per MTR recommendations
• Research work received high appreciation
• Chapter from EFR project was published in the Oxford University Press,London
• Technical paper on EFR (Pakistan Engineering Congress 2010)
• Three papers on EFR presented in Special Technical Session on EFR at the23th Annual General Meeting of “Pakistan Society of Development Economics
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
23th Annual General Meeting of “Pakistan Society of Development Economics
• Panel discussion were held on “Pro-poor Environmental Fiscal Reforms”during Conference on “Peace and Sustainable Development in South Asia:Issues and Challenges of Globalization” held at SDPI
• ‘EFR’ as subject at PIDE (M. Phil/ MSc. Env. Economics Programme
• Wider replication of EFR in IUCN’s on- going programmes (BPSD)
• Opportunities for up- scaling (district level)
• Efficacy of EFR proved (revenue, pro-poor support and env. sustainability)
• In-depth research. Findings to be tailored to create real understanding andintegration into policy and decision making process
• EFR being new concept~ putting in pace a self sustaining long term EFRmechanism requires improved coordination mechanisms essential to obtain longterm results in this regard.~ local level consultations extremely important to developconsensus among stakeholders to select and adopt EFR options
LESSONS LEARNT
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
• Buy-in from policy-makers is only possible if the project is able to demonstrateconcrete changes on the ground~ dedicated attention to carry out work is ofessence, at least for a next couple of months till the system is effectively tested andcompletely adopted
• Capacity building at all level is a must ~ since expertise not available anywhere
• Strong linkages with provincial and federal government tiers are required
• Up scaling and replication of EFR activities is essential
WAY FORWARD (RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PAKISTAN)
• Successful institutionalization of - Reform Process.
Quite an easy job??? (in complex socio- political situation)
• Support translation of learning form EFR research in to actions (elsewhere in Pakistan)
• Long- term impact~ integration into sectoral polices/ plans-
buy- in from policy makers
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
• Ensuring self- sustenance of pilots~ continue provision of technical backstopping
• Capacity building/ awareness (at all levels)- gaps?
• Up- scaling and wider replication of EFR is suitable areas in Pakistan in other sectors (drinking water, eco-tourism, quarrying and mining etc)
Thanks
For more information”
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Saadullah AyazCoordinator Climate Change/
Environmental Fiscal Reforms/
Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities
IUCN Pakistan
Email: saad.ayaz@iucn.org
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