Dealing with environmental concerns

DEALING WITH ENVIRONMENTAL

CONCERNS

Threats to environment

Extinction Loss of habitat Degradation of environment Pollution Climate change

extinction Extinction takes place when the last

number of a species dies. Extinction of species may come

suddenly when an otherwise healthy species is wiped out completely due to toxic pollution .

It is estimated that over 99.9% of all species that ever lived are extinct.

The average span of most of the species is 10 millions years.

Causes of extinction Habitat degradation – the main cause of

habitat degradation world wide is agriculture with urban sprawl, logging, mining, and certain fishing and hunting practices.

Physical destruction: for e g, destruction of ocean floors by bottom fishing .

Vital resources including water and food can be limited during habitat degradation ,leading to extinction of some species.

Loss of habitat Habitats are the place where the

organisms live. Habitat is the natural home or

environment of animals ,plants ,or other organisms.

Habitat loss is the loss area or natural place of an organism.

It is due to destruction ,fragmentation or degradation of habitat .

Three major kinds of habitat loss

Habitat degradatio

n

Habitat

fragmentatio

n

Habitat destruc

tion

Causes of loss of habitat Agriculture . Land conversion for

development. Water development . Pollution. Global warming.

Degradation of environment Environmental degradation is the

deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air ,water, and soil the destruction of ecosystems and the extinction of wildlife.

It can occur naturally or through human process.

E g. ozone depletion ,destruction of marine environment .

Causes of environmental degradation

Industrial activities Population explosion Farm mechanization Pesticides and insecticides Felling of trees Urbanization and changing

lifestyles Development projects Natural causes

Impact of environment degradation

Ozone depletion Acid rain Depletion of marine life Loss of forests Pollution of ground water Soil erosion Air pollution Desertification Global warming

Pollution Pollution refers to the act of

contaminating the environment by introducing certain hazardous elements that disturbs ecosystem and directly or indirectly affects the living organisms.

Types of pollution.

AIR POLLUTION

SOIL POLLUTION

WATER POLLUTION

NOISE POLLUTION

EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION.

Reduced lungs functioning. Irritation of eyes, nose ,mouth and

throat . Asthma attacks Headaches and dizziness Cancer Premature death Cardiovascular problems Reduced energy levels

EFFECTS OF WATER

POLLUTION Water borne diseases Damage to DNA Liver and kidney problem Hormonal problems Cancer

Effects of noise pollution

Decreases the efficiency of a man Lack of concentration Fatigue Causes of blood pressure Temporary or permanent deafness

Effects of soil pollution Can alter metabolism of micro

organism and arthtropods in a given soil environment

Disturbance in food chain. Negative effect on predator animal

species Animal extinction

Climate change The earth’s climate has changed

throughout history There is increasing occurrence of

floods , famines , storms, hurricanes, and so on

Biggest climate change is greenhouse gases which results in global warming.

Gases of green house

Carbon dioxide Methane Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Sulfur dioxide Nitrous oxide

Effects of climate change

Rise in sea level Rise in global temperature Warming oceans Shrinking ice sheets Declining arctic sea ice Glacial retreat Ocean acidification

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