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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
What is physiology? A review of organ systems Evolution and integration from cell to human The concept of homeostasis is introduced Themes in Physiology The science of Physiology
◦ Experimental design◦ Data
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Physiology defined:◦Function explains why it needs to be done◦Mechanism explains how it does that job
Organization of life◦The cell is the unit of life◦Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems &
organisms
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Figure 1-1: Levels of organization and the related fields of study
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Circulatory Digestive Endocrine Immune Integumentary Musculoskeletal Nervous Reproductive Urinary
For more Visit www.dentaltutor.inFigure 1-2: The integration between systems of the body
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Structure and function Integration across
◦ Cells ◦ Tissues ◦ Organs
Flow charts ◦ Follow process◦ In sequence
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings For more Visit www.dentaltutor.in
Figure 1-3: Maps for physiology
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cell Intracellular fluid Extracellular fluid Organism
◦ Protective cells◦ Exchange cells
External environment
Homeostasis Defined Emergent properties
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Figure 1-4: The internal and external environments
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
External or internal change Loss of homeostasis Physiological attempt to correct
◦ Sensors, integrating center◦ Response of cells & organs
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Successful compensation◦ Homeostasis
reestablished Failure to
compensate◦ Pathophysiology
Illness Death
For more Visit www.dentaltutor.inFigure 1-5: Homeostasis
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Homeostasis Structure/function
relationships Integration of systems Communication Membranes &
exchange Energy Mass balance Mass flow &
resistance
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Figure 1-7: Mass balance in the body
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Observation & experimentation◦ Hypothesis◦ Variables
Independent Dependant
◦ Controls◦ Data◦ Replication◦ Theory
Models
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Genetic variables Placebo effect Nocebo effect Ethics
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Crossover study Blind studies Double-blind studies Double-blind crossover studies
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Longitudinal studies Prospective studies Cross sectional studies Retrospective studies Meta-analysis
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
X- axis Y- axis Line graph Bar graph Histogram Scatter plot Interpolation "Best Fit" line
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Figure 1-9
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Organ systems Structures & functions The cell, the organism, the outside
environment Homeostatic balancing Review of themes: communication, energy,
membranes, body compartments, flow and balance
Scientific inquiry- good science Experimental designs Representing the data
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