Anorectal malformations: embryology, classification, diagnosis and early management

Anorectal Malformations(ARM)

Objectives

• To identify the types of anorectal malformations, their embryology and their immediate and definitive management.

Outline

• Embryology• Clinical appearances of various malformations• Radiology • Treatment• Summary

Embryology

• Normal embryology of the hindgut

The theory of the septation of the cloaca; andThe theory of the migration of the rectum.

Embryology of ARMInitial Theories

Embryology of ARM is differentNew discoveries

Low Anomaly Male

Low Anomaly Male

Intermediate Anomaly Male

High Anomaly Male

High Anomaly Male

Low Anomaly Female

Intermediate Anomaly Female

High Anomaly Female

Complex Malformations

Complex Malformations

Complex Malformations

Presentation

Presentation

Presentation

Presentation

Radiology

Radiology

Radiology

Radiology

Treatment

• Rule out immediate life threatening conditionsCardiac anomalies EchocardiographyRenal anomalies UltrasoundEsophageal atresia Pass NG tube

Decide

AnoplastyColostomy

Anoplasty

• For low malformations in males and females like…………

Anoplasty

Colostomy