Muscular System

Muscular System for students of occupational therapy

Anatomy & physiology 2

Lecturer: Mohammed Subhi El-Lulu

Muscle Types

Mohammed Subhi El-Lulu

mohdlulu@hotmail.com

Skeletal

Smooth

Cardiac

Skeletal muscle characteristics

Attach bone by tendon

Many nuclei

Striated

Voluntary

Surrounded By C.T

Function of Skeletal Muscle

Produce Movement

Maintain Posture

Stabilize Joint

Generate Heat

Naming of skeletal muscle

Direction

Location

No. of Origins

Origin & Insertion

1- Direction of muscle

Relative to the Midline

RECTUS means parallel to midline

• Rectus Abdominus

TRANSVERSE means perpendicular to midline

• Transverse Abdominus

OBLIQUE means diagonal to midline

• External Oblique

2- Location of muscle

Structure near which a

muscle is found

Muscle near frontal

bone = Frontalis

Muscle near the Tibia =

Tibialis anterior

3- Size of muscle

MAXIMUS means largest

• Gluteus Maximus

MINIMUS means smallest

• Gluteus Minimus

LONGUS means longest

• Fibularis Longus

BREVIS means short

• Fibularis Brevis

TERTIUS means shortest Fibularis Tertius

Number of tendons of origin

BICEPS means two

• Biceps Brachii

TRICEPS means three

• Triceps Brachii

QUADRICEPS means

Quadriceps Femoris

4- Number of origins of muscle

5- Shape of muscle

DELTOID means having

a triangular shape

TRAPEZIUS means

having a trapezoid shape

SERRATUS means

having a saw-toothed

shape (Serratus Ant.)

RHOMBOIDEUS means

having a diamond shape

(Rhomboid Major

6- Origin & Insertion

(Origin): attached to less or

immovable bone.

(Insertion): attached to the

movable bone.

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID:

attaches to the Sternum,

Clavicle, and Mastoid Process

ILIO COSTALIS: attaches to

the ilium & ribs

Function of muscle

NAME ACTION EXAMPLE

FLEXOR Decrease ang’hile at a joint Flexor Carpi Radialis

EXTENSOR Increase angle at a joint Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

ABDUCTOR Move bone away from midline Abductor Pollicis Longus

ADDUCTOR Move bone toward midline Adductor Longus

LEVATOR Produces upward movement Levator Scapulae

DEPRESSOR Produces downward movement Depressor Labii Inferioris

SUPINATOR Turn palm upward/anteriorly Supinator

PRONATOR Turn palm downward/posteriorly Pronator Teres

Body Muscles

Extremity Movement

6 muscle groups of head and neck

Facial

Mastication

Tongue

Pharynx

Muscles of vertebral column

Spinal Flexor Transversospinalis

Superficial Spinal Extensor Spinalis group

Longissimus group

Iliocostalis group

Deep Spinal Extensor Semispinalis group

Multifidus muscle

Interspinalis muscles

Intertransversarii muscles

Rotatores muscles

Oblique Muscles compress underlying structures

rotate vertebral column

Rectus Muscles flex vertebral column

oppose erector spinae

6 muscles that position the Pectoral Girdle

Trapezius

• Serratus

Rhomboid

• Levator Scapulae

Subclavius

• Pectoralis Minor

Trapezius, Rhomboid, Levator Scapulae

Serratus, Pectoralis minor

Subclavius

Muscles that move the Arm

Rotator

Deltoid

Supra spinatus

Latissimus

Coraco

brachialis

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis

Teres major

Deltoid “major abductor”

Supraspinatus “assists deltoid”

Subscapularis & teres major

“medial rotation at shoulder

Infraspinatus & teres minor

“lateral rotation at shoulder”

Coracobrachialis

“flexion & adduction at shoulder”

Pectoralis major “flexion of shoulder”

Latissmus dorsi

“Extension of shoulder joint”

Rotator Cuff

13 muscles that move Forearm & Hand

• Biceps brachii “flex elbow, stabilize joint”

• Triceps brachii “extend elbow”

• Brachialis and brachioradialis “flex elbow”

• Anconeus “opposes brachialis”

• Palmaris longus ”flex wrist”

• Flexor carpi ulnaris ”flex/ adduct wrist”

• Flexor carpi redialis “flex/ abduct wrist”

• Extensor carpi radialis “extend/ abduct wrist”

• Extensor carpi ulnaris “extend/ adduct wrist”

• Pronator teres and supinator “rotate radialis”

• Pronator quadratus “assist pronator teres”

Biceps brachii “flex elbow, stabilize joint”

Triceps brachii “extend elbow”

Brachialis and brachioradialis “flex elbow”

Anconeus “opposes brachialis”

Palmaris longus ”flex wrist”

Flexor carpi ulnaris ”flex/ adduct wrist”

Flexor carpi redialis “flex/ abduct wrist

Extensor carpi radialis “extend/ abduct wrist”

Extensor carpi ulnaris “extend/ adduct wrist”

Pronator teres and supinator “rotate radialis”

Pronator quadratus “assist pronator teres”

Muscles that move the hand and figures

Posterior Extensor Retinaculum

Anterior Flexor Reticulum

Muscles that move Lower Limb

Thigh and Gluteal Muscles

o Cover lateral surface of ilia.

Gluteus maximus:

largest, most posterior gluteal muscle

produces extension and lateral rotation at hip

Tensor fasciae latae:

works with gluteus maximus

stabilizes iliotibial tract

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus:

originate anterior to gluteus maximus insert on trochanter

Muscles of Thigh

Trochanter

(6) Lateral Rotators (Piriformis, Obturator)

Adductors of Thigh

Pectineus Gracilis

Muscles that

move the Leg

Flexors of Knee

Biceps femoris

Semimembranosus-

Semitendinosus

Sartorius:

Popliteus:

Muscles that

move the Leg

Extensors of Knee

Quadriceps Femoris

3 vastus

Rectus femoris

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