Where is it? artifact

Introduction

Marchelle DavisCourtney ZuberNicole CoetzerMadison Hall

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Structure and Function

Anatomy ?????Physiology ?????

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the study of the body's structures of living organisms

Anatomy

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Physiology

the study of the functions of each

structure

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Life CharacteristicsResponsiveness ?????

Conductivity ?????

Growth ?????

Respiration ?????

Digestion ?????

Absorption ?????

Secretion ?????

Excretion ?????

Circulation ?????

Reproduction ?????

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ResponsivenessPermits an organism to

sense, monitor, and respond to change in its

environment.

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ConductivityPermits an organism to

sense, monitor, and respond to change in

its environment.

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Growth

Normal increase in size or number of

cells

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RespirationProcess that results in

absorption, transport, utilization, or exchange or respiratory gases between

an organism and its environment

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DigestionProcess by which complex

food products are broken down into simpler

substances

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AbsorptionProcess by which complex

food products are broken down into simpler

substances

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SecretionProduction and delivery of

specialized substances for diverse body functions

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ExcretionRemoval of waste products

produced during body functions

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CirculationRefers to the

movement of body fluids

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ReproductionInvolves the formation of a

new individual

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Human OrganizationCell ?????

Tissue ?????

Organ ?????

Organ system ?????

Organism ?????

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Cell The basic unit of structure and function

in living things May serve a specific function within the

organism Examples: blood cells, nervous cells,

bone cells, etc.

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Tissue Made up of cells that are similar in

structure and function and which work together to preform a specific activity

Humans have 4 basic tissues: connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve.

Examples: blood, nerves, bone, etc.

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Organ Made up of tissues that work together to

perform a specific activity Examples - heart, brain, skin, etc.

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Organ System Groups of two or more tissues that work

together to perform a specific function for the organism

The human body has 11 organ systems: circulatory, digestive, endocrine, excretory,

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Organism Entire living things that can carry out all

basic life processes. Meaning they can take in materials, release energy from food, release wastes, grow, respond to the environment, and reproduce.

Usually made up of organ systems, but an organism may be made up of only one cell such as bacteria or protist.

Examples - bacteria, amoeba, mushroom, sunflower, human

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HomeostasisHomeostasis ?????

Endocrine System ?????

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Positive Feedback ?????

Negative Feedback ?????

Homeostasisa state of balance inside the body, where the body systems work together to

keep it functioning normally

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Endocrine System Keeps the internal balance act going by

releasing chemicals called hormones. The release of the hormones is

controlled by negative feedback mechanisms

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Anatomical Planes

Anterior ?????

Posterior ?????

Distal ?????

Proximal ?????

Dorsal ?????

Ventral ?????

Superior ?????

Inferior ?????

Lateral ?????

medial ?????

Directional planes- describe the locations of structures relation to other structures or locations in the body

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AnteriorToward the front of the body Example: The nose is on the

anterior of the head

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PosteriorToward the back (rear) Example:

The heel is posterior to the head

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DistalAway from the trunk or point of attachment Example: The hand is

distal to the elbow.

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ProximalToward an internal organ; away

from the outer wall (describes relative position in a limb or other appendage) Example: The joint is

proximal to the toenail.

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DorsalAlong (or toward) the vertebral surface of the body Example: Her scar is along the dorsal surface

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Ventral Along (toward) the belly surface of the body Example: The navel is

on the ventral surface.

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SuperiorToward the top of the body Example: The shoulders are

superior to the hips

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InferiorToward the bottom of the body Example: The stomach is inferior

to the heart

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LateralToward the side; away from the

midsagittal plane Example: The eyes are lateral to the nose.

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MedialToward the midsagittal plane; away from the side Example: The

eyes are medial to the ears.

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Anatomical Planes

Lateral or Sagittal Plane ?????

Parasagittal Plane ?????

Midsagittal Plane ?????

Frontal or Coronal Plane ?????

Transverse Plane ?????

Body planes- a person standing in an upright position then dissecting this person with vertical and horizontal planes

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Lateral or Sagittal PlaneImagine a vertical plane that

runs through your body from front to back or back to front. This plane divides the body into right and left regions

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Parasagittal PlaneSagittal plane that divides

the body into unequal right and left regions

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Midsagittal Plane Sagittal plane that divides the body into

equal right and left regions.

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Frontal or Coronal PlaneImagine a vertical plane that

runs through the center of your body from side to side. This plane divides the body

into front (anterior) and back (posterior) regions

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Transverse PlaneImagine a horizontal plane

that runs through the midsection of your body. This plane divides the body into upper (superior) and lower

(inferior) regions

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Directional termsCaudal ?????

Cephalad ?????

Visceral ?????

Parietal ?????

Deep ?????

Superficial ?????

Medullary ?????

Cortical ?????

Ipsilateral ?????

Contralateral ?????

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CaudalToward the tail Example: The

neck is caudal to the skull.

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CephaladToward the head Example:

The neck is cephalad to the tail

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VisceralToward an internal organ;

away from the outer wall (describes positions inside

a body cavity) Example: This organ is covered with

the visceral layer of the membrane

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ParietalToward the wall; away from internal structures Example: The abdominal cavity is lined with the

parietal peritoneal membrane.

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DeepToward the inside of a

part; away from the surface Example: The

thigh muscles are deep to the skin.

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SuperficialToward the surface of a part; away from the inside

Example: The skin is a superficial organ.

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MedullaryRefers to an inner region,

or medulla Example: The medullary portion of the

organ contains nerve tissue.

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CorticalRefers to an outer region

or cortex. Example: The cortical area produces

hormones.

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IpsilateralOn the same side (of the body) as Example: The left knee is ipsilateral to the

left ankle.

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ContralateralOn the opposite side of the body Example: The left

knee is contralateral to the right knee.

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Body OrganizationEar ?????

Nose ?????

Mouth ?????

Neck ?????

Point of shoulder ?????

Armpit ?????

Breast ?????

Arm ?????

Back of elbow ?????

Front of elbow ?????

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Body Organization cont…Stomach ?????

Reproductive organs ?????

Wrist ?????

Palm ?????

Finger ?????

Ankle ?????

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EarOtic

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NoseNasal

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MouthOral

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NeckCervical

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Point of shoulderAcromial

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ArmpitAxillary

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BreastMammary

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ArmBrachial

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Back of ElbowAntecubital

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Front of elbowAntebrachial

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StomachAbdominal

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Reproductive OrgansGenital

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WristCarpal

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PalmPalmer

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FingerDigital

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AnkleTarsal

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