10 things you can do to speed up your web app today 2016

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10 Things To Speed Up Your Web App

TodayChris Love@ChrisLoveLove2Dev.com

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High Performance Single Page Web Applications Responsive Design Touch Mobile First SPA Extensible, Scalable Architecture

~395 Pages20 Chapters$9.99

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Slide Deck & Source Code

http://GitHub.com/docluv

slidesha.re/15YTrTT

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Annoying?

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Web Performance OptimizationWeb performance optimization, WPO, or website optimization involves ongoing monitoring and testing of websites to achieve optimum performance under given constraints. Usually optimization is restricted due to lack of complete information and metrics to evaluate the performance of a website.

http://bit.ly/SWEh6E

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Matt Cutts"Also take a step back for a minute and consider the intent of this change: a faster web is great for everyone, but especially for users. Lots of websites have demonstrated that speeding up the user experience results in more usage. So speeding up your website isn’t just something that can affect your search rankings–it’s a fantastic idea for your users.“

http://bit.ly/SPPB4k

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Faster Sites Rank HigherFaster is Better User Experience http://bit.ly/1Ezmko6

Mobile First Web Applications Rank HigherMobilegeddon http://bit.ly/1JFpsmE

SEO & Web Performance

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Faster Sites Have Higher Conversion Rates

http://bit.ly/S1fHSZhttp://bit.ly/WajJbBhttp://bit.ly/S3UoAjhttp://bit.ly/RIQMDM

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WalmartOn initial measurement, an item page took about 24 seconds to load for the slowest 5% of users.

24 sec

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http://mobile.httparchive.org/viewsite.php?pageid=515720

Walmart – Too Many Page Elements

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WalmartSlow third-party scripts

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Walmart – Multiple HostsAlmost 50% of page content is served by partners, ads, affiliates, and Marketplace

42 / 87 total requests

http://bit.ly/WajJbB

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Google’s ½ SecondHalf a second delay caused a 20% drop in traffic.

Half a second delay killed user satisfaction.

The lesson, Marissa said, is that speed matters. People do not like to wait. Do not make them.

http://bit.ly/TPPhUp

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Performance Fast Facts57% Will Abandon a Slow Site After 3 SecondsWe Have to Concentrate 50% Harder for Slow Sites

78% Have Felt Stress or Anger With Slow Sites44% Say Slow Sites Make Them Anxious4% Have Thrown Their Phone

http://bit.ly/SuBLDR

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Web Sites Are Fatter and Out of Shape

http://httpArchive.org as of 3/1/2016

100 File Requests – 2.2+MB22 JavaScript Files - 368KB7.7 CSS Files – 77KB54 Images – 1.4MB40 TCP Connections17 Domains49% Cacheable

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Web Sites Are Getting Larger

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Average Web Page ~2.5 mBIn 1990’s, my Master’s thesis & program fit on single 3.5 floppy diskWith room to spare The most common format was a double-sided, high-density (HD) 1.44 MB disk drive.

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M

That's Great But I Work in the Enterprise

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Performance IS RelevantDo you want to waste $$$You want to make co-workers hate you?

And Possibly Throw a Phone at YouRemember the Physiological Stats?Slow Web Apps Have Higher Data Entry Error Rates

Due to Increase Cognitive LoadYou Are Going Mobile

And You Already Have, Even If You and Your Boss Does Not Acknowledge It

http://bit.ly/16zFCXLLOVE2DEV.COM

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Good Code Is CheaperPerformance Best Practices Lead To:

Well Structured CodeSmaller Code

Easier MaintenanceFewer Bugs

Encourages Development Best PracticesEncourages Discipline

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OK, How Do I Fix Things?

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Measure

Load TimePage Speed IndexRenderingRun-Time Performance

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Set A Performance Budget“This may be a specific load time, but it is usually an easier conversation to have when you break the budget down into the number of requests or size of the page.”

Tim Kadlec http://bit.ly/1CUAfGx

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Set A Performance BudgetTypical Load TimeShoot for < 2 Seconds Over Broadband

My Standard< 1 Second

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Set A Performance Budget

Page WeightWhat Does My Web Site Cost? - http://whatdoesmysitecost.com/

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webpagetest.orgOnline ToolIdentifies Common Performance IssuesMust be Public URL

http://bit.ly/1dibffr

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http://bit.ly/1dibffr

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webpagetest.org – film strip view

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YSlow Rules1. Minimize HTTP Requests2. Use a Content Delivery Network3. Avoid empty src or href4. Add an Expires or a Cache-Control

Header5. Gzip Components6. Put StyleSheets at the Top7. Put Scripts at the Bottom8. Avoid CSS Expressions9. Make JavaScript and CSS External10.Reduce DNS Lookups11.Minify JavaScript and CSS12.Avoid Redirects13.Remove Duplicate Scripts14.Configure ETags

15.Make AJAX Cacheable16.Use GET for AJAX Requests17.Reduce the Number of DOM

Elements18.No 404s19.Reduce Cookie Size20.Use Cookie-Free Domains for

Components21.Avoid Filters22.Do Not Scale Images in HTML23.Make favicon.ico Small and

Cacheable

http://yhoo.it/W7BFIw

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Critical Rendering Path

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1. Add A Fav Icon – Eliminate 404s

“Most of your scaling problems won’t be glamorous“

Mike Kriegerhttp://bit.ly/QeKZsO

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Make FavIcon Small and Cacheable•Don’t Return 404• YSlow Rule #18

•Make Sure Its Compatible• PNG/ICO

• It Carries Cookie Weight

• Instagram Lesson #1http://bit.ly/RUXEiL

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2. Use a CDN•Globally Distributes Resources Closer to Client•Was Expensive• Amazon CloudFront & Azure cost pennies a month

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3. Far Future Expires Header• Lets the Browser Cache Resources Locally• Eliminates Future Http Requests• The Fastest Http Request is the one not made•Only Updates Resource if Changed on Server

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4. Use LocalStorage For Storage & Caching

• Allows You to Keep Data Locally in a Hash Table• localStorage• sessionStorage

• Approximately 5-10MB• Replace Cookies• Great For Caching• Use IndexDB for Larger Data Sets

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AJAX Caching• Checks localStorage Before Making AJAX Call• Stores Data in localStorage with Expiration Value• Radically Reduces Http Requests• Radically Improves Performance• The Fastest AJAX Request is the One That is Never Made.

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5. No More Cookies

Cookies Add WeightPlace Resources (img/css/js) on Cookie-less DomainsCDNs Are Great For No CookiesConsider Local Storage Instead

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SWA & Cookies

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Impact of Cookies on Response Time

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Is 78ms A Big Deal???• Remember 100 Files• 100 * 78ms = 7800ms or 7.8 Seconds• 1300ms when considering 6 parallel connections

•Does Cause Delay• Parallel Downloads Help Overall Time

•Don’t Use 100 Files, Duh

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6. Optimize Images• Images are Too Large• PNGCrush, Kraken.io• Image Sprites•Glyph Fonts•Data URIs• CSS Rules

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• CSS Sprites• Consider Gyph/Icon Font• CSS Gradients, Border Radius, Shadows• Text• This is a 30KB Image – Possible Change to 0KB*

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7. Bundle & Minify CSS & JavaScript• Eliminate Excess HTTP Requests• Reduces Data Footprint• This is a Release or Production Version• Shoot for a Single JS and a Single CSS file in Production• * Consider Inlining CSS

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7a. Inline Critical CSS & Remove Unused CSS• Inlining Critical CSS Enables Instant Rendering Experience• Remove Unused CSS• UNCSS Module• Identify Critical CSS

• Example: Most Bootstrap Sites Use <10% of Bootstrap• Bootstrap Adds up to 600kb to Page Weight

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Use A Client Build SystemBundling & Minification is OKGrunt Is Very Easy & Extensive

• Validate Scripts• Combine & Minify Scripts• Validate CSS• Combine & Minify CSS• Critical CSS• UNCSS• Many Other Tasks

Gulp, Broccoli, Webpack, NPM are also good tools• http://bit.ly/1kcrpuo

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8. Gzip Text Content• Browsers Support Gzip & Deflate Algorithms• Reduces Text Base Content Size•Makes it Easier to Traverse Intertubes• 14kb Critical Packet Size

• This is due to HTTP’s Slow Start• This is the Goal for Optimal Mobile Performance

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Configure Gzip in IIS

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Configure Gzip in Amazon S3 | CloudFront

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9. Consider A Static Application • Bypasses server-side rendering systems like ASP.NET, PHP, etc • Can be hosted in cloud file storage (S3, Azure Blobs) • Client-side rendering in a SPA

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9. Consider A Static Application • Fast – No Server-Side Processing• Scale Better, handle traffic surges• Secure (no pipeline to hack)• Flexible or simpler to develop• Cheap to host (Blobs, S3 for example)

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10. Be Responsive• Responsive Design  • 1 site to rule them all • Responsive Images • Load the right image for the screen