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March © 2016
From Technologies to Market
How EV/HEV drive the battery
technology development
From Technologies to Market
Dr. Milan ROSINA
Senior Analyst
rosina@yole.fr
2
OUTLINE
• Energy storage
• Battery applications
• EV/HEV as a driving force for other battery applications
• Synergies of EV/HEV and other battery applications
• Opportunities for innovative battery materials, components and technology solutions
• Conclusion
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
3
CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
Why to focus on Li-ion battery?
Energy Storage
Mechanical
Pumped Hydro
Compressed Air
Flywheel
Chemical
Hydrogen
Electrochemical
Secondary Battery
Lead-Acid
Redox Flow
NiCd
NiMH
Li-Ion
Electrical
Supercapacitor
Superconducting Magnetic Coil
Thermal
Sensible Heat Storage
Latent Heat Storage
Electrochemical Heat Storage
• Rapidly growing market
• Competitive with other main battery technologies
• Growing number of involved players
• Large variety of applications
• Products available in the largest range of battery power and energy capacities
• Further development and deployment strongly driven by a huge automotive market
• Specific requirements on battery safety and cell management due to inherent properties of Li-ion chemistries
• …
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
4
VARIOUS BATTERY SIZES AND APPLICATIONS
The modularity of the battery size, power and energy capacities makes them easy to use in a large variety of applications. Wh
kWh
MWh
EV/HEV, rail, airplane, PV hybrid
inverters, auxiliary energy
supplies, UPS…
Large-size auxiliary power supply,
photovoltaics, wind energy, electricity
grid services…
Consumer
applications…©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
5
BATTERY = KEY FOR MANY APPLICATIONS
Battery is key for many applications: to achieve lower system costs or as technology and market enabler.
Renewables:• Solution for PV and wind intermittency
• Self consumption
EV/HEV:• Driving range / Vehicle cost
Grid:• Grid stabilization services
• Alternative solutions to grid extension and reinforcement
• Alternative to building new electricity plants
Building:• Grid independence
• Energy backup
• Better use of building-associated renewables
• Smart building “center” (Electricity supply-Battery-Usage)
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
6
VEHICLE ELECTRIFICATION LEVELS
Different options to electrify vehicles (1/2)
There are different types of hybridization depending on the level of CO2
emission reduction.
SSV + µHEV
Mild HEV
Full HEV
Level of electrification
Plug in HEV (with EREV)
EV(BEV or FCV)
5 – 10%10 – 25%
25 - 40%
50 – 100%
100%
CO
2re
du
cti
on
ben
efi
t in
%
Toyota Prius
Honda Civic
Citroen C2
Mitsubishi Outlander
Nissan Leaf
Cars examples
(not exhaustive list)
Source: Yole Développement
CO2 reduction depending on level of electrification
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
7
VEHICLE ELECTRIFICATION LEVELS
Different options to electrify vehicles (2/2)
PHEV and BEV have the
largest batteries and
can be charged from
the grid.
FunctionsSSV +
µHEVMild HEV Full HEV
PHEV (with
EREV)
EV (BEV
or FCV)
Start/stop: stop engine
idle when a vehicle slows
down and comes to a stopX X X X X
Regenerative brakingX X X X
Additional power for a few
seconds (electric motor)X X X X
Additional power for mid
distance (city traffic)X X X
Power for long distance
(10 to 40 miles) X X X
Recharge battery on the
grid or with a generator X X
Energy savings 5-10%
(up to 25% in
city traffic)
10- 25% 25 – 50% 50 – 100% 100%
Electric power 3-8 kW 4 - 20 kW 30 - 75 KW 70 – 100 kW 70 – 100 kW
Car example PSA C2 Honda Civic Toyota Prius GM Volt Nissan Leaf
PHEV and BEV:
1. Large battery
2. Can be
charged from
the grid (high
electricity
demand)
3. Can be used
in a “reverse
mode” -V2G,
V2H…)
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
8
BATTERY SIZE INCREASES TO REACH HIGHER DRIVING RANGE
• The car driving range (mileage) is increasing with the growing battery size and measures for improving efficiency.
• There is a clear trend towards larger battery energy capacity driven by decreased battery price and customer needs for higher electric mode driving range.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
Driving range (NEDC) as a function of battery energy capacityDriving range (NEDC) as a function of battery energy capacity
Nissan LEAF
Renault Twizy
Mercedes SLS
AMG Coupé
Toyota RAV4EV
Tesla Model S
BYD E6Car sharing
and small
city cars
Big and luxury
BEV
Source: Yole Développement’s report: EV/HEV
9
EV/HEV BATTERY BUSINESS DRIVES ALSO OTHER BUSINESSES
Companies involved in battery business for EV/HEV are looking for other applications.
Battery cell
manufacturersEV/HEV
manufacturers
Residential battery storage
systems
Battery + photovoltaics
Utility-scale battery
electricity storage systems
(BESS)
Battery + wind
Electro-mobility (buses…)
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
V2H, V2G
…Supplier of
battery pack
components
Battery
integrators /
EV/HEV
manufacturers
10
HOW EV/HEV DEPLOYMENT POSITIVELY IMPACT RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
11
• Electrified vehicles can be seen as a way to relieve the grid when necessary (smart charging), but also as a mobile energy storagesystem:
• Price of investment for energy storage is nonexistent, as the user already paid for his battery inside the vehicle
• Moreover if the system is remunerated, it can be a way for the user to amortize the EV/PHEV invest
• Energy can be shifted to another place as the car moves
• Development of personal renewable energy is also a driver (maximum use of energy production tools)
• There are different types of “V2X systems” (Vehicle to X):
• V2G: Vehicle to Grid => Energy from the vehicle is re-injected on the grid
• V2H: Vehicle to Home =>Vehicle is plugged to the house in order to provide energy
• V2V: Vehicle toVehicle => Energy from one vehicle can be given to another (for instance in case of energy ruptures or isolation)
MORE THAN SMART CHARGING: V2X SYSTEMS
Electrified vehicles can be seen also as a energy storage
system.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
12
EV/HEV - THE STRONG DEMAND AND STRONG REQUIREMENTS ON BATTERIES
• Vanadium redox Flow Battery
• Iron-Chromium Battery
• Lead Acid
• Lead Advanced
• NaS
• Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd)
• Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)
• Lithium Nickel CobaltAluminum Oxide (LCO)
• Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)
• Lithium-Titanate battery
• Lithium Metal Polymer (LMP)
• Lithium-Sulfide
• Li-Air
• …
The focus on EV/HEV-compatible battery technologies will bring the largest variety of business opportunities.
Cell chemistry Application
Portable applications
Applications in transport
Stationary applications
EV/HEV battery
technology:
• Strong R&D
• Production scaling
• High performance
• Kg/kWh, kg/kW
• L/kWh, L/kW
• Lifetime
• Reliability
• Safety
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
13
BATTERY CELL: WE HAVE ENTERED A Li-ION BATTERY ERA…
• Li-ion batteries are taking over other batteries.
• And what beyond Li-ion batteries?
• If “beyond Li-ion“ technologies will not come soon, what are other ways to improve the batteryperformance, reliability and safety?
• Li-ion batteries are increasing their ESS market share, strongly driven by electric car industry.
• The alternatives to Li-ion batteries (with higher performance) are already under development.
2020201920182017201620152014201320122011
Flywheels, NaS batteries, NiMH batteries,
lead acid batteries, redox flow batteries
Lithium battery era
Lithium battery
alternatives?
.
.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
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BATTERY PACK
• Beside energy flow management,and new battery cell chemistriesdevelopment, the efforts for batteryenergy storage technologyimprovements are focused on thebattery pack components.
• In some applications, such asbattery electric vehicle, the batterypack represents the highest part ofthe system costs.
• Battery pack as key element for:
• Performance
• Safety
Battery pack is very complex system and represents often a significant part of the system cost.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
Example of a vehicle battery pack
15
A LOT CAN BE IMPROVED AT THE BATTERY PACK LEVEL!
• Cost, weight, size
• Power / Energy capacity
• Battery management system
• Protection devices and solutions• Thermal management
• Even temperature distribution
• To maintain battery in the safe and highest performance temperature range
• Cooling, heating, thermal insulation
• Overvoltage and under-voltage protection
• Overcurrent protection
• …
• Electrical connections
• High reliability
• Highly automated / fast process compatible
• …
The battery pack represents many opportunities for the suppliers of innovative components and solutions.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
Images courtesy: Fraunhofer ILT, Dana, Multi-contact, ETI, AVL…
A lot of business opportunities!
16
CONCLUSION
• Battery is the fastest growing energy storage technology. Amongst other advantages, their sizemodularity batteries suitable for many applications.
• The growing EV/HEV market will result in high volume production for battery cells. This will createopportunities for new applications which will benefit from the decreasing rechargeable battery cellcosts and strong battery R&D efforts.
• There are strong synergies in renewable energy sources, buildings, EV/HEV vehicles and electricity grid.Those applications are closely interlinked and battery electricity storage may be their key element.V2X business can provide an additional added value to the battery in EV/HEVs.
• There is a lot what can be improved regarding the battery pack components and assembly. Thisrepresents numerous opportunities for the companies developing innovative materials, componentsand technology solutions.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
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MEMS &
Sensors
LED
Compound
Semi.
Imaging Photonics
MedTech
Manufacturing
Advanced Packaging
Batteries / Energy
Management
Power
Electronics
FIELDS OF EXPERTISE
Yole Développement’s 30 analysts operate in the following areas
19
4 BUSINESS MODELS
o Consulting and Analysis
• Market data & research, marketing analysis
• Technology analysis
• Strategy consulting
• Reverse engineering & costing
• Patent analysis
www.yole.fr
o Reports
• Market & Technology reports
• Patent Investigation and patent infringement risk analysis
• Teardowns & Reverse Costing Analysis
• Cost Simulation Tool
www.i-Micronews.com/reports
o Financial services
• M&A (buying and selling)
• Due diligence
• Fundraising
• Maturation of companies
• IP portfolio management & optimization
www.yolefinance.com
www.bmorpho.com
o Media
• i-Micronews.com website
• @Micronews e-newsletter
• Communication & webcast services
• Events
www.i-Micronews.com
20
A GROUP OF COMPANIES
Market,
technology and
strategy
consulting
www.yole.fr
M&A operations
Due diligences
www.yolefinance.com
Innovation and business maker
www.bmorpho.com
Manufacturing costs analysis
Teardown and reverse engineering
Cost simulation tools
www.systemplus.fr
IP analysis
Patent assessment
www.knowmade.fr
22
SERVING THE ENTIRE SUPPLY CHAIN
Our analysts provide market
analysis, technology
evaluation, and business plan
along the entire supply
chain
Integrators and
end-users
Device
makers
Suppliers: material,
equipment, OSAT,
foundries…
Financial investors,
R&D centers
23
CONTACT INFORMATION
Follow us on
• Consulting and Specific Analysis
• North America: Steve LaFerriere, Director of Northern America Business DevelopmentEmail: laferriere@yole.fr
• Japan & Asia: Takashi Onozawa, Representative Director, Yole KKEmail: onozawa@yole.fr
• RoW: Jean-Christophe Eloy, CEO & President, Yole DéveloppementEmail eloy@yole.fr
• Report business
• North America: Steve LaFerriere, Director of Northern America Business DevelopmentEmail: laferriere@yole.fr
• Europe: Fayçal El Khamassi, Headquarter Sales Coordination & Customer Service Email: khamassi@yole.fr
• Japan & Asia: Takashi Onozawa, Representative Director, Yole KK.Email: onozawa@yole.fr
• Korea: Hailey Yang, Business Development Manager, Korean OfficeEmail: yang@yole.fr
• Taiwan: Mavis Wang, Business Development DirectorEmail: wang@yole.fr
• Financial services
• Jean-Christophe Eloy, CEO & PresidentEmail: eloy@yole.fr
• General
• Email: info@yole.fr
24
Biography & contact
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Dr Milan ROSINA
• Dr Milan Rosina is a Senior Analyst at Yole Développement for Energy Conversion & Emerging Materials. Before joining Yole Développement, he worked as a research scientist and a project manager in the fields of photovoltaics, microelectronics and LED. He has more than 15 years scientific and industrial experience with prominent research institutions, an equipment maker and a utility company. Amongst his experience are new equipment and processes development, due diligences, technology and market surveys in in the fields of renewable energies, batteries and innovative materials and devices.
• Mail: rosina@yole.fr
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