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International Disaster and Risk Conference Davos 2010
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U. Walder, T. Bernoulli, T. Wießflecker,
Institute for Building InformaticsGraz University of Technology
An Indoor Navigation System for Improved Action Force Command and Disaster Management
International Disaster and Risk ConferenceDavos 2010
International Disaster and Risk Conference Davos 2010
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Content
• Information Needs in Disaster Management (DM)
• TU Graz Computer Aided Disaster Management System
– Indoor positioning
– Context-adaptive building model (BIM), Mapping
– User interaction (BIC)
– System architecture und communication
• Conclusions
International Disaster and Risk Conference Davos 2010
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Why do we need Indoor Navigation and Positioning in DM?
Disaster Management• Real-time information about the situation of enclosed people,
affected areas and the deployed teams is needed!
Urban Development• Higher density ► large roofed areas ► underground infrastructure
• High vulnerability against fire, flood and terror
Motivation
International Disaster and Risk Conference Davos 2010
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Traditional Indoor Positioning Systems
• Based on preinstalled infrastructure– HS-GNSS (GPS)
– Wireless LAN
– Ultra Wide Band
– RFID
– Cameras
Many disadvantages:• Either not possible (GPS),• too expensive,• too time-consuming or• not accurate enough
Better solution withDead Reckoning System
State of the Art
International Disaster and Risk Conference Davos 2010
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TU Graz IPS – what is it?Positioning Equipment for Deployment ForcesHardware inertial measurement unit
lightweight wearable computerhead mounted display
Software motion pattern analysis intelligent sensor-map interaction
hands free, intuitive user interaction
IPS is the core of a Disaster Management SystemCommand StationHardware computer / notebookNetwork WLAN or UMTSSoftware operation command and control system
State of the Art
International Disaster and Risk Conference Davos 2010
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Inertialsystems (Dead Reckoning Systems)
• Positioning by integrating accelerations and velocities with permanent movement pattern analysis
• Many problems have to be solved:
– Noise
– Drift stable average
– Temperature
– Calibration
– Accuracy
– Zero Velocity Updates for different movement patterns
IPS
International Disaster and Risk Conference Davos 2010
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Inertial systems: experiences
• Accuracy too bad for stand alone solution
• Improvement by periodic re-positioning:
– Re-positioning relative to known boundaries and reference objects
– User interaction to verify automatic re-positioning or to define new start point
• Problems to solve:
– Mapping with floor plans
– Floor plans have to be enriched with logic information
– User interaction under extreme conditions (noise, smoke, heavy equipment, manual work, etc.).
IPS
International Disaster and Risk Conference Davos 2010
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Context-sensitive BIM interaction
• Graphical data are available for all major buildings (evacuation planning) in standard formats
• Important information in case of disasters have been defined and are integrated in the building model data
Building Information Model (BIM)
International Disaster and Risk Conference Davos 2010
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Typical Results
International Disaster and Risk Conference Davos 2010
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Typical Results
International Disaster and Risk Conference Davos 2010
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Typical Results
International Disaster and Risk Conference Davos 2010
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Typical Results
International Disaster and Risk Conference Davos 2010
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Position control
• Catching functions
– Doors and other transitions
– Stairs
• Reflecting functions
– Walls, doors
• Correction functions
– Re-positioning relative to objects
• Reloading functions
– Floor plans
– Neighbor floors
Automatic re-positioning
re-positioning by user interaction
International Disaster and Risk Conference Davos 2010
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System architecture
International Disaster and Risk Conference Davos 2010
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Peer-to-Peer as key technology
• The use of JavaTM implemented Peer-to-Peer (p2p) mechanisms allows for a flexible integration of different hardware and systems
• The network organises itself:
– High flexibility in changing network configurations, in case of interrupts and device damages
– Optimisation during operation is possible
Communication
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Range of Application
• First Responders
• Military und Special Forces
• Civil applications
– Pedestrian navigation in public buildings, airports, hospitals, shopping centres, railway and subway stations, , museums, etc.
– Navigation for handicapped people
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TU Graz Indoor Positioning System
System benefits
1. No installations in buildings necessary
2. High positioning accuracy (< 2 m)
3. Small and handy system (foot or hip mounted)
4. Maps can easily be derived from floor plans
5. Autonomous operation in case of transmission
interrupts
6. Great potential for civil applications
Conclusions
International Disaster and Risk Conference Davos 2010
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Acknowledgements
armasuisse
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Thank you for your attention!
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