Eruptive history of kilauea and mauna loa long

Interpretation of Active Interpretation of Active VolcanoesVolcanoes

Eruptive Histories Eruptive Histories of Kilauea, Mauna of Kilauea, Mauna Loa, and HualalaiLoa, and Hualalai

Halema`uma`u 1902Halema`uma`u 1902

The volcanoes have behaved very The volcanoes have behaved very differently in the recent past!differently in the recent past!

Mauna Loa and KilaueaMauna Loa and Kilauea

Both volcanoes appear to undergo Both volcanoes appear to undergo long term cyclic behavior.long term cyclic behavior.

Eruptive centers oscillate over Eruptive centers oscillate over centuries between the summit centuries between the summit

and rift zones.and rift zones.

Historic Flows of Mauna Loa

1. 1855-56 (threatened Hilo),

2. 1859 (Village at Waianalii destroyed, ~12 mi S. of Kawaihae),

3. 1859 (Village of “Kibele” (Kiholo) destroyed),

4. 1868 (Kahuku, 37 buildings destroyed),

5. 1880-81 (threatened Hilo, people fled town),

6. 1916, 1919, 1926, S. Kona

7. 1935, 42 (threatened Hilo),

8. 1950, Pahoehoe in S. Kona

9. 1984 (threatened Hilo, people evacuated?)

1. 1855-56 (threatened Hilo),

2. 1859 (Village at Waianalii destroyed, ~12 mi S. of Kawaihae),

3. 1859 (Village of “Kibele” (Kiholo) destroyed),

4. 1868 (Kahuku, 37 buildings destroyed),

5. 1880-81 (threatened Hilo, people fled town),

6. 1916, 1919, 1926, S. Kona

7. 1935, 42 (threatened Hilo),

8. 1950, Pahoehoe in S. Kona

9. 1984 (threatened Hilo, people evacuated?)

Mauna LoaMauna Loa

Mauna Loa Eruption PrecursorsMauna Loa Eruption Precursors

Mauna Loa Lava Flows

3D View of Mauna Loa Lava Flows

3D View of Mauna Loa Lava Flows

3D View of Mauna Loa Lava Flows

1907 Flows

1868 Flows

1916 Flows

1926 Flows

Southwest Rift Zone

USGS

Slope Map/Time to the Ocean

1. 1800-01 (fishponds, villages, poor documentation)

1. 1800-01 (fishponds, villages, poor documentation)

Hualalai:Hualalai:

1. C. 1790 (summit, deaths);2. 1823, village overrun; reports of deaths;3. 1840. Nanawale. Village destroyed;4. 1924. Lower Puna seismicity;5. 1955. Kapoho; 17 residences;6. 1960. Kapoho. 87 structures destroyed;7. 1977. Kalapana evacuated;8. 1986-2003. Kalapana. 189 structures

destroyed, 13km highways.

1. C. 1790 (summit, deaths);2. 1823, village overrun; reports of deaths;3. 1840. Nanawale. Village destroyed;4. 1924. Lower Puna seismicity;5. 1955. Kapoho; 17 residences;6. 1960. Kapoho. 87 structures destroyed;7. 1977. Kalapana evacuated;8. 1986-2003. Kalapana. 189 structures

destroyed, 13km highways.

KilaueaKilauea

Hualalai:Hualalai:

Mauna Loa Flows Make Up 51% of the Big Island

Mauna Loa Structure

Mauna Loa and KilaueaMauna Loa and Kilauea

Both volcanoes appear to undergo Both volcanoes appear to undergo long term cyclic behavior.long term cyclic behavior.

Eruptive centers oscillate over Eruptive centers oscillate over centuries between the summit centuries between the summit

and rift zones.and rift zones.

Mauna Loa and KilaueaMauna Loa and Kilauea

Both volcanoes appear to undergo Both volcanoes appear to undergo long term cyclic behavior.long term cyclic behavior.

Eruptive centers oscillate over Eruptive centers oscillate over centuries between the summit centuries between the summit

and rift zones.and rift zones.

Mauna Loa and KilaueaMauna Loa and Kilauea

Both volcanoes appear to undergo Both volcanoes appear to undergo long term cyclic behavior.long term cyclic behavior.

Eruptive centers oscillate over Eruptive centers oscillate over centuries between the summit centuries between the summit

and rift zones.and rift zones.

Mauna Loa and KilaueaMauna Loa and Kilauea

Both volcanoes appear to undergo Both volcanoes appear to undergo long term cyclic behavior.long term cyclic behavior.

Eruptive centers oscillate over Eruptive centers oscillate over centuries between the summit centuries between the summit

and rift zones.and rift zones.

Mauna Loa and KilaueaMauna Loa and Kilauea

Both volcanoes appear to undergo Both volcanoes appear to undergo long term cyclic behavior.long term cyclic behavior.

Eruptive centers oscillate over Eruptive centers oscillate over centuries between the summit centuries between the summit

and rift zones.and rift zones.

Mauna Loa and KilaueaMauna Loa and Kilauea

Both volcanoes appear to undergo Both volcanoes appear to undergo long term cyclic behavior.long term cyclic behavior.

Eruptive centers oscillate over Eruptive centers oscillate over centuries between the summit centuries between the summit

and rift zones.and rift zones.

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Year Start Days Region of Kilauea Area km2

Volumekm3

1983 Jan-3 >7,500 East Rift – Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō 102 >2.1

1982 Sep-25 <1 Caldera 0.8 0.003

1982 Apr-30 <1 Caldera 0.3 0.0005

1979 Nov-16 1 East Rift––Pauahi 0.3 0.00058

1977 Sep-13 18 East Rift––Pu‘u Kiai 7.8 0.0329

1975 Nov-29 <1 Caldera––M7.2 EQ 0.3 0.00022

Year Start Days Region of Kilauea Area km2

Volumekm3

1983 Jan-3 >7,500 East Rift – Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō 102 >2.1

1982 Sep-25 <1 Caldera 0.8 0.003

1982 Apr-30 <1 Caldera 0.3 0.0005

1979 Nov-16 1 East Rift––Pauahi 0.3 0.00058

1977 Sep-13 18 East Rift––Pu‘u Kiai 7.8 0.0329

1975 Nov-29 <1 Caldera––M7.2 EQ 0.3 0.00022

Year Start Days Region of Kilauea Area km2

Volumekm3

1983 Jan-3 >7,500 East Rift – Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō 102 >2.1

1982 Sep-25 <1 Caldera 0.8 0.003

1982 Apr-30 <1 Caldera 0.3 0.0005

1979 Nov-16 1 East Rift––Pauahi 0.3 0.00058

1977 Sep-13 18 East Rift––Pu‘u Kiai 7.8 0.0329

1975 Nov-29 <1 Caldera––M7.2 EQ 0.3 0.00022

LAVA ENTERS AT 1400 degrees C