VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND LTD

Combining renewable and

traditional energy solutions

Zambia – Finland energy workshop

Marko Nokkala

210/06/2015 2

Contents

Renewable alternatives:

Biomass

Solar

Renewables hybrids solutions

Waste-to-energy

Co-firing

Industry partnerships and VTT’s offering

310/06/2015 3

Global market trend

Renewable alternativesPlace for a photo

(no lines around photo)

510/06/2015 5

Biomass

Agricultural and forestry residues can be converted to energy

Animal manure can be converted to energy

Sludge can be converted to energy

Globally technologies are broadly available, the critical issue is

choice of technology for feedstock and outputs

Spectrum of technologies available:

Chemical conversion (incl. Fermentation and biodigestors)

Pyrolysis

Gasification

Outputs may include steam, heat, power (electricity), biofuels

Has to be approached in sustainable way

610/06/2015 6

Solar

Abundance in Zambia

Move towards solar parks and concentrated solar power

systems

Offer opportunities for setting up utility companies in remote

areas

Can also service large clients: mines, farms, towns etc.

Storage opportunities are increasingly available: battery

technologies and molten salt for instance

810/06/2015 8

Renewables hybrid solutions

1010/06/2015 10

Waste to energy

Gasification technologies are improving

Sustainable way of getting rid of waste streams

Ability to separate metals before gasification

Higher efficiency from waste feedstock (typically 20% energy

output, VTT has achieved 40%)

Commercial scale reference projects exists (Lahti, Finland

160MW MSW power plant)

Cofiring

Heat transfersurface

Lack of protecting

compounds

Low ash content

RIS

KY COMPOUND

SALKALICHLORIDES

Cl releases corrosion

BARK/FOREST RESIDUE

CASE 1. BARK/FOREST RESIDUE

1210/06/2015 12

What is co-firing

Co-firing means using mix of biomass and coal in conventional

power plants

Benefits include reduction of CO2 emissions, longer supply of

coal for the plant and utilisation of locally available supply of

biomass

Challenges include corrosion development from superheater

boilers using biomass (high temperatures compared to normal

biomass burning)

VTT has offering for all the parts of the process

1310/06/2015 13

Partnerships with industry and technology

providers

1410/06/2015 14

VTT’s offering

Thermochemical energy conversion

technologies

Combined Heat, Power and Cooling

Carbon capture and storage

Biomass resources, biomass quality issues and production chain

Energy systems and integration

Energy policy and support schemes

Novel energy concepts, solar hybrid technologies

Bio-economy, micro and macro algae

Waste to energy, Fuel Cells applications

Case specific GHG emission evaluations

TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESS