THE ABILITY TO RELATE TO COLLEAGUES AND CUSTOMERS, INSPIRE OTHERS, RESOLVE CONFLICTS, BE TACTFUL, UNDERSTAND CULTURES, AND SHOW DIPLOMACY.

Interpersonal Relationships are social associations, connections or affiliations between two or more people.

They imply the discovery or

establishment of common ground and may be centered on something shared in common.

3

Interpersonal Skills/Facilitation Skills

listening

questioning

language & communication using feedback

conflict handling

•Self awareness•Control•Motivation•Acknowledging the interests of subordinates

•Communication skills

4

Poor Listening Emotional Arousal Lack of Time Differences in objective

5

Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis

Transactional Analysis A unified system of individual

and social psychiatry Focuses on the individual but

also one’s relationship to others

A model for explaining why and how:People think like they doPeople act like they doPeople interact/communicate with others

“Study of inter and intra individual transactions where there is a stimulus and response”.

Transactional analysis is a method of analyzing human behavior in social transactions.

It is a study of human relations through the study of stimuli and response. It is an extension of Freudian theory

Id Ego Super Ego

TA was developed by Eric Berne and popularized by Harries. Marial James, Dorthy Jongeward and Wagner.

Psycho-Analytical or Psycho-Dynamic Psycho-Analytical or Psycho-Dynamic TheoryTheory““Sigmund Freud’s STRUCTURAL MODEL OF MENTAL LIFE”Sigmund Freud’s STRUCTURAL MODEL OF MENTAL LIFE”

ID Psychic energy

Inherited, Presented at birth, Present in life.Store of wishes and unconscious.Strives for immediate pleasure and avoid pain.Insistent and rash.Does not tolerate un-comforts-tension. Immoral, animal drives, Unorganized.

EGO The Gateway of Action

Separates reality from unreality,Logical, realistic, practical and rational.

Consciously distinguish between the demands of ID & Realities.Regulate and integrate inner motives and source of Tension release.SUPER EGO

Sensor agent of – Value, belief and standards of the society.Ideals & noble thoughts.Acquired from parents, teachers, friends, religion, etc.,Describes the right and wrong.Mediates, filters action.

EGOEGOA Psychological State of an Individual, which A Psychological State of an Individual, which

Guide Guide the Way of Feeling, Thinking and Behaviorthe Way of Feeling, Thinking and BehaviorEGO Status

PARENT(Taught Ego)

Help---------------

Control

ControllingProtectiveCriticalNurturingInstructive

ADULT(Acquired by Maturity)

Rational Factual UnemotionalIndependentProblem solver

Free

AdpLP

CHILD(Felt Ego)

Dependent SpontaneousCurious CreativeRebel ClumsyFrustrated Pleasure seeking

Types of TransactionsTypes of Transactions

P P

A A

C C

P P

A A

C C

OPENOPEN

CROSSCROSS

COMPLIMENTARYCOMPLIMENTARY

P – P – C P= Parent A – A – C A=Adult C – C C=Child

BLOCKEDP – AC - P

ULTERIOR - - Transactions influenced by other than ego status (Hidden Meanings)

GALLOWS TRANSACTIONS - - In appropriate smile or love

GAMES – Repeat, Find it ulterior, Sense at superficial level

INEFFECTIVE STYLES OF GAMES – Perfectionist, Driver, Power game, and Pleasure game

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Types of Transactions

Complementary Transactions: Appropriate and Expected Transactions indicating healthy human relationships.

Communication takes place when transactions are complementary. A stimulus invites a response; this response becomes a stimulus inviting further response and so on.

12

Transactional Analysis Types (I)

Complementary transaction

Supervisor EmployeeP

CA

P

CA

13

Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis

Transactional Analysis occurs when the ego states of 2 people interacting is assessed

Complimentary interaction: one person in a nurturing parent ego

state

other person in their adaptive child ego state

14

Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis

For a leader-follower, the following complementary transactions could occur:

15

Types of Transactions

Crossed Transaction: This causes most difficulties in social situations.

“May be, you should improve your study habits”.“You always find fault with me whatever I do”

Parent-Child interaction.

16

Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis

For a leader-follower, there are a number of possible crossed transactions:

17

Transactional Analysis Types (III)

Ulterior transaction

Supervisor Employee

Supervisor Employee

P

CA

P

CA

P

CA

P

CA

LIFE POSITIONS

““Assumption about self and others in the Societies”Assumption about self and others in the Societies”

I am OK - You are not OKI am not OK - You are OKI am not OK - You are not OKI am OK - You are OK

I am OKYou are not OK

I am OKYou are OK

I am not OKYou are not OK

I am not OKYou are OK

POSITIVEPOSITIVE

NEGATIVENEGATIVE

NEGATIVENEGATIVE POSITIVEPOSITIVE

Attitu

de T

oward

s Self

Attitu

de T

oward

s Self

Positive Negative Neutral

19

A stroke is a unit of recognition may be positive or negative of a condition or both, strokes are required for healthy behavior.

Strokes may be physical, verbal or eye-to-eye contact. Child hood learning influences the behavior

If a child lives with criticism, he/she learns to fight. If a child lives with hostility, he/she learns to condemn.

If a child lives with ridicule, he/she learns to be shy. If a child lives with shame, he/she learns to feel guilty.

If a child lives with tolerance, he/she learns to be patient. If a child lives with encouragement, he/she learns confidence.

If a child lives with praise, he/she learns to appreciate. If a child lives with fairness, he/she learns justice.

If a child lives with security, he/she learns to have faith. If a child lives with approval, he/she learns to like himself.

If a child lives with acceptance and friendship, he/she learns to find love in the world.

Open Area Blind Area

Hidden Area Unknown Area

Known to others

Unknown to othersD

iscu

ssio

nFeed Back

Known to Self Unknown to Self

JOHARI WINDOW

Compete-When?•Quick and decisive action is vital•Unpopular actions need to be implement•You know are right•Against people who take advantages of non competitive behavior

Collaborate –If•An integrative solution is required•Your objective is to learn•You gain Commitment by transforming concern in to consensus•You work through feelings that have interfered with relations

Compromise-When---•Goals are worthier than

efforts of assertive mode or disruption• When opponents of equal power are committed to mutually exclusive goals• Temporary settlements are required•Collaboration or Competition are not useful.

Avoiding, if•If is a trivial issue•You perceive chance of winning•Others can solve it better than you•You want people and situation to cool down

Accommodate, if-• You find, that you are Wrong•You wish the co-operation of others•You want social credits for later issues•You expect others to learnFrom their mistakes