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1 Section 37 Update: What the Cases Say and What the Practice Is FMC Fall Real Estate Seminar, September 27, 2012 Presented by: Patrick Devine patrick.devine@fmclaw.com and Mark Piel Mark.piel@fmclaw.com

Section 37 Update: What the Cases Say and What the Practice Is

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This presentation was presented at FMC's Fall Real Estate Seminar by Patrick Devine and Mark Piel. The presentation looks at updates to Section 37 of the Planning Act as well as related cases and the surrounding laws.

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Page 1: Section 37 Update: What the Cases Say and What the Practice Is

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Section 37 Update:  What the Cases Say and What the Practice IsFMC Fall Real Estate Seminar, September 27, 2012

Presented by:  Patrick Devinepatrick.devine@fmc‐law.comand Mark PielMark.piel@fmc‐law.com

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What Section 37 Says:

• “The council of a local municipality may, in a by‐law passed under Section 34, authorize increases in the height and density of development otherwise permitted by the by‐law that will be permitted in return for the provision of such facilities, services or matters as are set out in the by‐law”.  (emphasis added)

• No mention of “community benefits” or “public benefits”

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Two Views

Connection between the requested S.37 benefit and the development (law)

Vs.

Let’s Make a Deal! (politics/economics)

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The Law

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Toronto (City) v. Minto BYG Inc.,[2000] O.M.B.D. No. 1102 (OMB)

• a.k.a. The Beginnings of the Nexus/Connection Test

• Minto appealed its Official Plan Amendment, Zoning By‐law Amendment and site plan applications to the OMB

• At issue was whether S.37 provisions should form a part of the amendments and, if so, in what amount

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Toronto (City) v. Minto BYG Inc. (cont’d)

• City’s position:  test of “good planning” as established by the Official Plan required Minto to provide S.37 benefits in exchange for increases in height and density

•Minto’s position:  the application of S.37 benefits should not result in further amenities other than those which have been proposed or which are valid conditions of approval

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Toronto (City) v. Minto BYG Inc. (cont’d)

• Ruling:  appeals were granted

• Reasons:• Whether contributions should be authorized must be judged on the

beneficial effects of such contributions to the proposal• It lies with the City to demonstrate the connection between the 

proposal and the benefits• Absent this demonstration, a developer is obligated to meet only the 

requirements of the Official Plan policies regarding S.37 benefits• S.37 benefits must be guided by established policy; a proponent is 

entitled to some degree of certainty in ascertaining what publicbenefits it will be required to provide pursuant to Section 37

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Toronto (City) Official Plan Residential Building Amendment (Re), [2003] O.M.B.D. No. 926 (OMB)

• a.k.a. The Board Plays “Let’s Make a Deal!”

• City’s position:  S.37 contributions do not have to be “related or justified by the project, but need simply to be a benefit to the public offered in exchange for the permission to develop” increased heights and densities beyond existing policies and by‐laws

• Appellant’s position:  requested contributions unrelated to the development are not justifiable

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Toronto (City) Official Plan Residential Amendment (Re) (cont’d)

• Ruling: appeal dismissed• Reasons:

– Re Section 37 provisions:  “It is the legal extension of an…age‐old practice of securing some public benefit in return for a permission thatcreates betterment or increases land value…. What is relevant is that in return for additional development rights granted to the developer, the exercise of which may have social costs to the public in the area, the public receives some tangible benefit or amenity to offset the cost.”

– S.37 benefits provided in return for permitted increases in height or density are not required to be:• Located on the development site; nor• Related to the particular development

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Toronto (City) Official Plan Redesignate Lands Amendment (Re), [2005] O.M.B.D. No. 1 (OMB)

• a.k.a. The Nexus/Connection Test Returns

“There must be a real and demonstrable connection between the Section 37 benefit being requested and the positive features of the development proposal, as stated in the Official Plan policy.”

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Sterling Silver Development Corp. v. Toronto (City), [2005] O.M.B.D. No. 1313 (OMB)

• The Board evaluates the existing decisions (Minto, 1430 Yonge, Irber)

“The Planning Act is not a revenue statute” and “there must be a nexus between the development and the Section 37 benefits, demonstrating that the benefits pertain to the development (whether on site or off), not to unrelated municipal projects (no matter how meritorious).”

• Additional Section 37 benefits may be imposed beyond those offered by the developer if there is a “real and demonstrable connection” to the development proposal

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English Lane Residential Developments Ltd., Re, 2011 CarswellOnt 14127 (OMB)

• a.k.a. The Nexus Test is Entrenched

• City’s issue:  increases in height and density (from an approved 8 storeys to a proposed 9 storeys) would create traffic problems in the area

• Requested benefit:  contribution to a neighbourhood splash pad (think of the children!)

• The Board found: no reasonable planning relationship between the proposed development, the alleged impact on the community (increases in traffic) and a contribution to a splash pad.

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What the Practice Is

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What the Practice Is

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Evidence Before OMB of City’s Practice

• ADMNS Kelvingrove Investment Corp v. City of Toronto

• Board cites the City’s Implementation Guidelines for Section 37 re: not being a vehicle to generate general revenue and that no City‐wide formula exists since that might not survive a court challenge on the basis that it constitutes an illegal tax

• Board particularly concerned with evidence from City planner that the City’s “internal practice” is to have the City’s Supervisor of Appraisal Services estimate the capital gain[emphasis added] expected from a rezoning

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City’s Practice (continued)

• Then City uses the estimated “capital gain” as the basis for negotiations

• Evidence of City planner that used 20% of the capital gain as the “starting point”

• Board expressly cautioned that nothing in the decision should be construed as endorsing such an approach, although no need to decide matter as rezoning application refused

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City’s Practice (continued)

• What OMB criticized in the Kelvingrove is precisely how it is done

• City planner’s role:  not “land use planning”Rather, role is to get from City Real Estate Services the amountof the “uplift” in value from the existing zoning to the proposed new zoning

• Then, the Councillor figures out what to spend the money on

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The Winners under the System

• Toronto Sun article

• The big winners:

‐ Councillor Adam Vaughan, Ward 20 ‐ $51.5 million

‐ Councillor John Filion, Ward 23 ‐ $49.4 million

‐ Councillor Kristyn Wong‐Tam, Ward 27 ‐ $48.5 million

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Toronto Sun Article

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An Example of City of Toronto Project‐ 45 Charles Street East

• December, 2008 ‐ Approval of rezoning by‐law for a 33‐storey building requiring $1.5 million in Section 37 benefits

• July, 2010 ‐ Committee of Adjustment approval of variancefor an additional 6 floors with Section 45(9) contribution of $500,000.00

• 2011/2012 ‐ rezoning for an additional 8 floors, the Councillor’s request:  $5.6 million

• Final agreement:  $1.6 million

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City of Ottawa – New Guidelines andProtocol for Implementation of Section 37

• Adopted by Ottawa City Council on March 28, 2012

• Excerpts from staff report:

‐ “Section 37 of the Planning Act provides municipalities the authority to share in the increased value that may result from an increased height and/or density of a development project” (emphasis added)

‐ Further, under the heading of Background:  “Section 37 of the Planning Act provides municipalities with the authority to share in the increased economic uplift that may result from increased height and/or density of a development project” (emphasis added)

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City approves rules for sharing wealth from rezonings

BY DAVID REEVELY, THE OTTAWA CITIZEN     MARCH 28, 2012

© Copyright (c)  The Ottawa Citizen

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Conclusion

• As I have noted in many presentations on this topic:

“. . . . it must always be remembered that Section 37 is a section of the Planning Act [emphasis added] and not part of some mythical “Municipal Generation of Revenue Act”

• Given the OMB cases and the City of Toronto’s current practice and the City of Ottawa’s proposed practice, what is needed is another OMB ruling to reiterate the rules and the true purpose of Section 37

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Section 37 Update:What the Cases Say and What the Practice Is

FMC Fall Real Estate Seminar, September 27, 2012

Page 25: Section 37 Update: What the Cases Say and What the Practice Is

The preceding presentation contains examples of the kinds of issues companies dealing with real estate could face. If you are faced with one of these issues, please retain  professional assistance as each situation is unique.