2015.11.19 Barbieri Regional Statistics

Comment répondre à la demande en statistiques territoriales pour informer les politiques de développement régional : le cas de l’Italie

Giovanni A. Barbieri (Istat)

Le système de statistiques territoriales au service de la conception et la mise en œuvre de politiques de développement local et régional en Tunisie

Tunis, 19-20 novembre 2015

Summary

National planning and regional governments: drivers for reform Key concepts:

From administrative to statistical information Territory

Supply and demand of regional statistics Demand Supply

Governance Indicators

Answers Administrative sources Geographies Integrated statistical information systems Statistical toolkits for decision making Integration architectures The territory as a test bench

Le système de statistiques territorialesGiovanni A. Barbieri – Tunis, 19-20 novembre 2015

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National planning and regional governments: drivers for reform

Planning and market The hierarchical structure of planning (PPBS) The role of (statistical) information Market signals

A market-oriented perspective The market as a tool of democracy The role of statistics

Decentralization, devolution, subsidiarity Bringing decision making closer to citizens Making decision makers accountable Through quasi market signals Preserving economic efficiency

3 Le système de statistiques territorialesGiovanni A. Barbieri – Tunis, 19-20 novembre 2015

Key concepts: from administrative to statistical information

Administrative data: information produced in the administrative/management process

Statistical information Function

From individual/anecdotic to collective phenomena [Statistics as the science of collective phenomena]

Aim From day-to-day management to strategic vision


Key concepts: territory

Which territory? The scale of policies The place/range of administrations

Which statistics? About the territory From the territory

Which actors? Which roles? A statistical system

The central body (NSO) The nodes in the network

The role of the central body As a producer As a facilitator (building integration architectures)


Which territory?

The territory as a dimension of phenomena: A grid to observe and measure (phenomena happen in

space) A grid for analysis (statistical models)

The territory as the “place” where social self-organization occurs

The territory as a component of democracy: A grid for supplying services to the population A grid for organizing the activity of the public administration A grid for multi-level governance


Supply and demand of regional statistics For the territory: which statistical information is needed for policy making

and implementation? The regional dimension of national policies The local dimension (place-based policies)

[Top-down vs bottom-up] On the territory: which statistical information is available (or could be)

Scaling / zooming in and out Information systems

Of the territory: which statistical information regional actors could and should produce? Public statistics as an infrastructure (information as a public good) Public supply and private demand Data and estimations Integration architectures


The demand

The demand for statistical information with high territorial definition is growing: At the national level:

Increasing heterogeneity (enterprises and production, but also lifestyles) has a spatial dimension

Needs for equalization At the regional/local level:

Vision planning programming (citizens/constituencies policy makers/administrative bodies)

Implementation / evaluation (administrative bodies citizens/constituencies )

Different requisites: At the national level:

Consistency of metadata between levels hierarchy top-down approach The problem of maintaining high definition (quality + confidentiality)

At the regional/local level: Taking into account self-organization bottom-up approach Not only a requisite for democracy, but also a sound economic principle


The supply

“Governance” Planning, programming, budgeting, monitoring, evaluating (ex ante, in itinere, ex

post) policies Accountability (outputs & outcomes)

Availability of statistics and indicators Choice Construction

Relevance, with reference to: A territorial grid, decided in advance according to functional criteria The foreseen paths of development/evolution of the economic and societal systems The policy choices :

A place-based development asks for a local government! Geographic bases Information systems Place-based statisticians


Governance

“Governance”: planning, programming, budgeting, monitoring, evaluating policies At the level of the overall development strategy (often

the national level): Either statistics and indicators are available Or they need to be built a programme for developing

policy-relevant statistics and indicators (national and regional

At the level of local initiatives: Usually statistics and indicators need to be built, and they

need to be specific and policy-relevant


Availability of statistics and indicators Territorial scale and information loss

Top-down approach: Consistency of metadata between levels hierarchy The problem of maintaining high definition (quality + confidentiality)

Bottom-up approach: Taking into account self-organization Functional regions Consistency to be built

The territorial traits of policies: At the national level:

Overall vision and territorial definition (scaling down) At the local level:

Local development is place-based


Answers from public official statistics Excluding censuses, survey based statistical information

at the municipal or province level are a very small portion of statistics released by NSOs Sample size and sampling error Non-sampling error (organization, cost) Statistical burden on respondents

Partial solutions Statistical use of administrative data (data collected for other

uses, generally for managing a process) Small area estimation (use of auxiliary information) “Big data”


Administrative sources

The statistical use of data stemming from administrative sources is not an operation occurring at no cost

What is needed? To change the way of producing statistics (register-based

organization) To institutionalize and engineer the relationship between

NSO and administrations (at the central and local levels) To develop methods and procedures for granting quality To develop methods for integrating information from different

sources into integrated information systems (metadata driven)


Geographies for analysis and decision making Nadine Cattan 2002, Redefining Territories: Functional Regions, paper produced

for the OECD WPTI Functional regions:

A functional region is a territorial unit resulting from the organisation of social and economic relations in that its boundaries do not reflect geographical particularities or historical events

It is thus a functional sub-division of territories The most typical concept used in defining a functional region is that of labour markets

Administrative regions Expression of a political choice Boundaries are defined starting from the policy task of an administration, looking for a

demographic dimension and other social and economic features functional for accomplishing the task, and taking into account historical, geographical, legal, and cultural factors

Hierarchical/non hierarchical geographical classifications Exhaustive/non exhaustive geographical classifications


Integrated statistical information systems What are we talking about?

Information system: the way information is organised, not technology, is relevant

Statistical: reference to a specific reference system (meta-information)

Integrated: integration of different sources via the meta-information system (metadata driven integration) plurality of scopes and uses

Geographical: regions (functional/administrative) + georeferencing/geotagging

Technological perspectives: towards a micro-territorial approach + crowd-sourcing


Statistical tools for decision making What contribution public official statistics (and statisticians)

can offer to policy choices? Transparency Quantitative evidence Accountability

What is at stake? The possibility of bringing citizens closer to policy making

The role of public official statistics: To produce and disseminate official statistical information To generate methods and procedures (toolkits) to control the

quality and the reproducibility of (locally produced) estimates To pursue quality as a process rather than as a result


Building integration architectures Relationships between national statistical

information systems and local/place-based information systems: Building “official statistics” as a value and a goal Nodes in a network of multi-level national

statistical system Building opportunities and venues for discussion

and harmonisation Metadata systems as the common ground


The territory as a test bench

To bring out and co-ordinate (actual and potential) user’s needs

To foster ex post (metadata driven) and ex ante (frame driven) integration

To develop new products and services To exploit existing geographical information stemming

from economic and administrative transactions To breed a common vocabulary for statistical territorial

information (open access, integrated use, shared applications)


Data & Analytics

2015.11.19 Barbieri Regional Statistics