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2013 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
Measuring Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
March 16, 2015
Jordan Bell-Masterson
Colin Tomkins-Bergh
2013 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
Indicators of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Vibrancy
Kauffman synthesis of leading research to answer the question:
What do we measure and how do we measure it?
Why? To gauge progress, inform program design, and to guide resource and funding decisions
2013 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
Four Categories; Twelve Indicators
Connectivity
Program connectivity
Spinoff rate
Dealmaker network
Diversity
Diversity of economic specializations
Economic mobility
Immigrant share
Density
Entrepreneurial Density
Young firm employment share
High-tech firm density
Fluidity
Population flux
Labor market reallocation
High-growth firms
Stangler and Bell-Masterson: Measuring an Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
2013 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
Density
We want to measure density, not volume
By e.g., population, geography
For example, Boulder is small, but clearly punching above its weight
2013 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
Density: New and young firms
Source: BDS for Firm Data, and BEA for Population Data
http://www.census.gov/ces/dataproducts/bds/data_firm.html and http://www.bea.gov/regional/downloadzip.cfm
2013 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
Firms Age 0 per 100,000 people
United States197719781979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012257.06029999999993226.92250000000001221.67169999999999198.6918197.73230000000001193.7876185.47550000000001213.32820000000001213.98830000000001217.44380000000001224.58760000000001200.1431191.9794192.5745185.97130000000001180.9288182.91380000000001188.99250000000001192.68629999999999191.1574190.74629999999999186.7081178.0224170.77330000000001165.34989999999999175.0111174.70359999999999179.8021185.82640000000001188.25700000000001175.6242161.4323133.3673125.4543128.76429999999999130.62610000000001Kansas City Metro Area197719781979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012253.92417494962501235.7691448369979226.55039794882751193.5249152540122194.68689346399779187.16588120308489188.85202371440911219.25141672892201214.31294696669201219.41638287841559240.46809620976481203.3238655178198204.10813791948809197.3855404579418197.20607643107039190.30500718790799198.00416515904561207.08334522296099220.23052986808079204.17291192226409205.8187458478244198.735200333964200.8963744765521195.51790266757399175.88780119309479189.11929749320061194.32198832489499201.03023432146699202.95045621215999189.6826532071847169.1053724913175154.72019098492359128.96495478803431119.3315082247551123.8119248584989137.31972245431751Kansas197719781979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012301.7038269.97430000000003241.71729999999999216.54349999999999217.16220000000001213.89240000000001209.97470000000001252.05359999999999227.6097217.626216.61369999999999188.7088183.5138182.76349999999999185.41480000000001186.02950000000001188.18350000000001197.5189198.00020000000001197.47149999999999197.28360000000001190.63380000000001180.18639999999999176.1901167.27350000000001183.7824179.72800000000001178.7979182.12950000000001177.52889999999999165.06299999999999153.3434127.3342116.23309999999999116.3946118.5625Missouri197719781979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012255.02359999999999228.364211.23560000000001189.17240000000001180.3503173.5891178.75149999999999201.27529999999999204.5694210.48939999999999223.99979999999999191.80449999999999195.0609190.91890000000001186.02539999999999186.55950000000001193.92259999999999205.76589999999999203.83959999999999193.84880000000001188.99170000000001184.8322177.20410000000001171.65170000000001154.89769999999999183.91759999999999188.11070000000001204.01060000000001205.6198185.94130000000001169.33860000000001152.78739999999999129.35560000000001130.41890000000001128.51769999999999128.90649999999999
Density: Employment Share of Young Firms
Source: U.S. Census Business Dynamics Statistics
2013 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
United States20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120120.1561784416898950.1533847769776070.150744515388043010.151270445523259990.146542201574802990.143551233070260990.144185058762739990.1408152874014450.133804877272060.125130311202002990.120423415249867990.114270417725680.11214628689307Column12000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012Austin Metro Area20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120120.185836300000000010.181826900000000010.175077199999999990.171940299999999990.171773199999999990.164723199999999990.17013190.16736360.167739300000000010.154331400000000010.148994999999999990.15144040.14947659999999999Denver Metro Area20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120120.17383910.16834510.168776299999999990.173043200000000010.16444290.155459999999999990.152888799999999990.148706300000000010.14463920.138198199999999990.13332890.13021810.1232814San Francisco Metro Area20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120120.181400499999999990.19084260.169030299999999990.16496290.150506499999999990.139778299999999990.13667540.13509730.12911770.12615250.11975120.1177990.11907619999999999St. Louis Metro Area20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120120.128853699999999990.136424099999999990.136439100000000010.1396830.121222300000000010.115026600000000010.111992499999999990.11915620.11167960.10703980.10212149.6383200000000002E-28.7243399999999999E-2Boston Metro Area20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120120.137710300000000010.132643000000000010.12377690.12225210.11407620.11080680.10787940.11032830.10357219.2267799999999997E-28.7819999999999995E-28.4082100000000007E-28.4698499999999996E-2Kansas City Metro Area20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120120.181400499999999990.19084260.169030299999999990.16496290.150506499999999990.139778299999999990.13667540.13509730.12911770.12615250.11975120.1177990.11907619999999999
Density: High-Tech
Kansas City has a high-tech firm creation rate of 11.188, which ranks 36 out of 365 metros.1
High-tech = IT, biotech, and advanced manufacturing (per Hecker (2005), Bureau of Labor Statistics)
Source: Kauffman Foundation
http://www.kauffman.org/~/media/kauffman_org/research%20reports%20and%20covers/2014/01/beyond_metropolitan_startup_rates.pdf
1 Using NETS high-tech over 2009-2010;
Averaged over 2 years, then per 100,000 population
2013 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
Density: High-Tech
2013 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
Fluidity
Reallocation the process by which a resource becomes more and more efficiently deployed
E.g. Economic reallocation, demographic reallocation
Perfect information only found in theory, so churn typically represents improvement
See Haltiwanger et al. (2012) for importance of labor market reallocation
2013 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
Fluidity: Population Flux
Source: IRS, SOI Tax Stats - Migration Data Downloads - County to County Migration Data
2013 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
# of Households
inflowoutflownet3572136793-1072# of People
inflowoutflownet6937471533-2159
Fluidity: Labor Market Reallocation
Labor Market Reallocation = Separations minus Job Destruction as a share of Employment
Source: QWI
http://qwiexplorer.ces.census.gov/
2013 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
KC20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120120.260375730928859020.232993653527838990.210311298593673010.1884319929105030.193119171602373990.1948669455260740.194418737247700010.19228677207010.1758934201470570.136522899858331990.1364297364328570.140587322881368990.14749951913829601Omaha0.22780.210799999999999990.186599999999999990.172999999999999990.17260.175100000000000010.17790.18020.171000000000000010.133000000000000010.131099999999999990.133899999999999990.14269999999999999Denver0.334799999999999990.288499999999999980.243999999999999990.21470.204499999999999990.21140.214799999999999990.222899999999999990.21270.156599999999999990.161399999999999990.15750.16139999999999999
Fluidity: High-Growth Firms
Kansas City has a high-growth firm creation rate of 24.846, which ranks 92nd out of 365 metros.1
1 Using Inc. high-growth companies over 2010-2012;
Summed and divided by population in millions.
Source: Kauffman Foundation
http://www.kauffman.org/~/media/kauffman_org/research%20reports%20and%20covers/2014/01/beyond_metropolitan_startup_rates.pdf
2013 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
Connectivity
Recipe, not just ingredients
How do entrepreneurs, investors, programs etc. get mixed?
St. Louis example
2013 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
Connectivity:Programs
Source: Kauffman Foundation
Think Locally, Act Locally
2013 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
Source: Kauffman Foundation
Think Locally, Act Locally
Connectivity:Programs
2013 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
Connectivity: Spinoff Rate
Source: Heike Mayer
ht
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