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Portable Storage Solutions
( Hard Drive , Flash Drive etc…)Dr. Shashwat Kamal Jani.
M. S. ( Obs – Gynec )Diploma in Advance Laparoscopy.
Consultant Gynecologist,Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College.
Sheth V. S. General Hospital , Ahmedabad.Mobile : +91 99099 44160.
E-mail : [email protected]
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Punched cards in storage at a U.S. Federal records center in 1959. All the data visible here could fit on a 4 GB flash drive (with minimal ZIP compression).
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Literally thousands of patient records line the walls in the record room at North Carolina Baptist Hospital. The ladies in this 1948 picture had a very time consuming and tedious job of pulling and later refilling patient records on a daily basis.
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Portable Storage Solutions Portable storage—a la flash drives and
mini hard drives—might not be the sexiest technology on the market, but it is one of the must-haves of this millennium.
These wildly underappreciated these devices let you take the files—documents, MP3s, PowerPoint presentations, and photos—you want with you anywhere at anytime.
The best part : They're affordable, extremely easy to use, and incredibly practical.
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Secondary storage devices
Since Primary storage has a limited storage and is not permanent , We use secondary storage devices.
Secondary storage devices are used to store large amount of data Permanently.
File Sizes
1 KB 1000 Bytes
1 MB 1000 KB
1 GB 1000 MB
1 TB 1000 GB
Storage devices or files sizes are measured in:Kilobytes (KB), Megabytes (MB), Gigabytes (GB) and Terabytes (TB)
* 1000
* 1000
* 1000
Data Storage Capacity
Floppy Disk 1.4MB
CD-ROM700MB
DVD4.7GB
Blu-Ray25 GB – 128GB
Hard Drive8 TB
Magnetic TapeUp to 185 TB
Increase in storage capacity
Data storage devices have very different capacities. Over time the capacity has increased which has allowed for more
data to be stored:
Data Storage Capacity
Direct (Random Access)• Stores files so that they can instantly be accessed• No need to search through files to get to the one you want• Example: DVD, CD ROM, Blu-ray, external hard drive, flash drive
Type of Access
Serial (Sequential Access)• Files are stored one by one in a sequence• Must search through the files one by one until you get to the
one you want.• Example: VHS tape, Cassette Tape, Magnetic Tape
Start 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 End 10
Start 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 End 10
Type of Access
Main Memory• Sometimes known as Internal Memory or primary memory.• Includes RAM and ROM• Usually used to store data temporarily (in the case of RAM).• Usually used to store data while it is being processed by the CPU.• Is volatile – means data will be lost if computer is turned of.
Backing Storage• Backing storage some known as secondary storage.• Name for all other storage devices which are part of a computer like
hard drive.• Usually used to store data over a long time.• Usually used to store application software, operating system software,
files etc. • Is Non-volatile - Means data will not be lost of computer is turned
off.
Main Memory Vs Backing Storage
BackupBackup means making one or more copies of your data in a different storage medium.
Why?• You could delete a file by accident• Your computer could break down• Your computer could get infected by a virus which could edit
data• Your laptop is stolen or becomes damaged.• Data could be corrupted by hackers.
• Most businesses use computers to store very important data (customer records, financial information, designs for products, etc.)
• If this data is lost, then this would cause disruption to the business. Backing-up business data is essential.
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What do you mean by external storage devices…???
External storage devices are the devices that temporarily store information for transporting from computer to computer.
Such devices are not permanently fixed inside a computer or can be defined as “ storage devices that are not a part of computer. ” ( means Poratable devices ).
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Advantages of External Storage Devices :
1. Provides additional storage other than that available in computer.
2. Data can be transported easily from one place to another.
3. It is useful to store software and data that is not needed frequently.
4. External storage also works as data back up.5. This back up may prove useful at times such as
fire or theft because important data is not lost.
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Types of external storage
1. Magnetic Storage
2. Optical Storage
3. Solid State Storage
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Magnetic Storage (uses different patterns
of magnetization in a magnetisable to store data and is a form of non-
volatile memory.)
Hard Disk
Floppy Disk
Optical Storage ( Optical media are the media that use laser light technology for data storage and retrieval.)
CD
DVD
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Solid State Storage
Flash Memory
Memory Cards
Memory Sticks
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Magnetic Storage Devices
Magnetic Storage Devices Portable Hard Drive
Access Type: Direct (Random Access)
Advantages: Disadvantages
• Portable – transfer files between computers.
• High Storage capacity compared to optical disks.
• More prone to errors than fixed hard drive.
• Could be damaged if incorrectly ejected from computer.
Use: This device connects to the computer using the USB Port. External Hard drives are used to store:• Personal backup data.• Transfer files between computers/devices
• Magnetic storage media devices store data in the form of tiny magnetised dots.
• These dots are created, read and erased using magnetic fields created by very tiny electromagnets.
Magnetic Storage Devices Magnetic Tapes
Access Type: Serial
Advantages: Disadvantages
• Huge storage capacity compared to fixed and portable hard drives.
• Stored away in a fire proof safe.
• Robust – last for long time
• Slower AccessTape reader has to start at the beginning of the tape and continue fast forwarding until it gets to the piece of data that needed.
Use: • Large organisations make daily backups of their networks on to Magnetic Tapes
• Long-term archiving of data.
• Magnetic storage media devices store data in the form of tiny magnetised dots.
• These dots are created, read and erased using magnetic fields created by very tiny electromagnets.
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Optical Media Storage
Optical Media Storage CD-ROMUse: CD-ROM disks are read-only. CD-ROMs are
normally used to store: • Audio CDs• Software Applications• Device Drivers
• Optical storage devices save data as patterns or dots.
• Data is read by bouncing the laser beam off the surface off the medium.
Access Type: Direct
Advantages: Disadvantages
• Hold more data than floppy disks.
• Cheaper than hard drives and USBs.
• Compatible with audio systems.
• Data transfer rate is slower compared to other storage medium.
• Not Robust - easily be damaged or scratched.
Optical Media Storage DVD-RomUse: DVD-ROMs disks are read-only. DVD-
ROMs are normally used to store: • DVD Movies• Software Applications• Computer Games
• Optical storage devices save data as patterns or dots.
• Data is read by bouncing the laser beam off the surface off the medium.
Access Type: Direct
Advantages: Disadvantages
• Hold more data than CD-ROMS.• Can store larger
applications.• Videos is higher
resolutions.
• Data transfer rate is slower compared to other storage medium.
• Have to buy a separate DVD player.
Optical Media Storage Blu-RayUse: Blu-Ray disks uses a blue laser instead of red
laser used with CD/DVD ROMs. Blu-Ray disks are normally used to stored:• HD Movies• Large Software/Game Applications• In camcorders in cartridge form.
• Optical storage devices save data as patterns or dots.
• Data is read by bouncing the laser beam off the surface off the medium.
Access Type: Direct
Advantages: Disadvantages
• Large storage capacity used to store HD video content.
• Access Speeds are greater than other optical medium.
• Secure Encryption System to minimise chance of copyright.
• More expensive compared to other optical media.
• Separate player required – more expensive.
• Not all movie titles available on Blu-Ray.
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Solid State Storage
Solid ‘state’• Solid-state storage devices are based on electronic circuits with no moving parts.• Solid-state storage devices store data using a special type of memory called flash
memory.• USB/Memory Cards use Direct Access
Examples USB Memory Stick Memory Card
Uses: Used to transfer files/backup (work) between computers.
Used to store files on digital cameras, mobile phones and mp3 players.
Advantages • Portable & Small• Robust• large capacities • No need for additional
drivers/software
• Very small and can be removed and placed in other devices.
• Robust
Disadvantages • Easy to loose• USB could be damaged if not
ejected correctly.
• Smaller storage capacities. • Quite expensive.
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Flash Memory
Flash memory is an electronic (solid-state) non-volatile computer storage medium , that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
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USB FLASH DRIVE A USB flash drive, also variously known as … USB drive, USB stick, Thumb drive, Pen drive, Flash-disk, USB memory is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated USB interface.
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• USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable, and physically much smaller than an optical disc. • Most weigh less than 30 grams (1.1 oz)
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Since first appearing on the market in late 2000, as with virtually all computer memory devices, storage capacities have risen while prices have dropped.
As of November 2016, flash drives with anywhere from 8 to 256 GB are frequently sold, and less frequently 512 GB and 1 TB units.
Storage capacities as large as 2 TB are planned, with steady improvements in size and price per capacity expected.
Some allow up to 100,000 write/erase cycles, depending on the exact type of memory chip used, and have a 10-year shelf storage time.
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USB flash drives are often used for the same purposes for which floppy disks or CDs were once used, i.e., for storage, data back-up and transfer of computer files.
They are smaller, faster, have thousands of times more capacity, and are more durable and reliable because they have no moving parts.
Additionally, they are immune to electromagnetic interference (unlike floppy disks), and are unharmed by surface scratches (unlike CDs).
Until about 2005, most desktop and laptop computers were supplied with floppy disk drives in addition to USB ports, but floppy disk drives have become obsolete after widespread adoption of USB ports and the larger USB drive capacity compared to the 1.44 MB 3.5-inch floppy disk.
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Evolution• USB 1.0 – 1.1– Maximum transfer rate of 12 mbps– First appeared on market in 1995 and 1998
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Evolution• Hi-Speed USB or USB 2.0 – released with speeds of 480 mbps.– Released in 2000
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Evolution• Super-Speed USB or USB 3.0– predicted speeds of 5 gbps– Recently released.
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Future• Wireless USB – connections you will have the same personal security
of wired USB 2.0
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USES To transport personal data
The commonest use of USB pen drive is to transport or store personal files such as documents, pictures and video.
One can also store medical alert information for emergency use or as preparation against disaster.
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Repairing computer
Successful usage of USB pen drive has been noticed in the PC repair field as a means to transfer recovery and antivirus software to infected PCs. It also allows a portion of the host machine's data to be archived in it in case of emergency.
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System administrators' helper System and network administrators find
USB pen drive highly handy to load them with configuration information and software used for system maintenance, troubleshooting, and recovery. Such use of this portable device makes it popular among them.
As an application carrier
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In the medical Field…
Storage & transfer of patient data for hospital management.
Storage & transfer of videos and pictures of operative findings & operative procedures.
To keep record of rare and interesting cases. Keep medical pendrive ready…. Try to keep all record in digital format ( GO PAPER LESS ).
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Most important is….
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Duration of Storage• Estimation of flash memory endurance
is a challenging subject that depends on the Single level cell SLC/MLC/TLC memory type, size of the flash memory chips, and actual usage pattern.
• As a result, a USB flash drive can last from a few days to several hundred years.
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Conveniences• Use little power, have no fragile moving parts, and
for most capacities are small and light. • Data stored on flash drives is resistant to mechanical
shock, magnetic fields, scratches and dust. These properties make them suitable for transporting data from place to place and keeping the data readily at hand.
• Specially manufactured flash drives are available that have a tough rubber or metal casing designed to be waterproof and virtually "unbreakable". These flash drives retain their memory after being submerged in water, and even through a machine wash…!!!
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• Flash drives also store data densely compared to many removable media. • In mid-2009, 256 GB drives became
available, with the ability to hold many times more data than a DVD (54 DVDs) or even a Blu-ray disc (10 BDs)
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External Hard Drive
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External Hard Drive• External hard disk drives typically connect
via USB; variants using USB 2.0 interface generally have slower data transfer rates when compared to internally mounted hard drives connected through SATA.
• Plug and play drive functionality offers system compatibility and features large storage options and portable design.
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Storage capacity Available capacities for external hard disk drives ranged from 500 GB to 8 TB.
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Cloud Storage
Cloud storage means “ the storage of data online in the cloud,“ where in a data is stored in and accessible from multiple distributed and connected resources that comprise a cloud. Cloud storage can provide the benefits of greater accessibility and reliability; rapid deployment; strong protection for data backup, archival and disaster recovery purposes.
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Examples:• Google Drive• Flickr• Microsoft SkyDrive
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OTG Pendrive
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OTG Pendrive• USB On-The-Go (OTG) is a standardized
specification for USB connections that allows a device to read data from a USB connection without requiring a PC. The device is basically becoming a “USB Host”, which isn’t an ability every gadget has.
• Mobile storage capacity increases.
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