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البعد المقاصدي للوقف في الفقه الإسلامي

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Résumes de la thèses de recherche

L’effet Makassidi du Wakf dans le Fiqh islamique

J’ai abordé la dimension du ‘’Wakf’’ du point de vue de ses desseins finalités ‘’Makassids’’ dans le ‘’Fiqh’’ .en fait ce recherche découvre certains cotés des ‘’Makassids’’ et le role du ‘’Waqf’’ dans la réalis ation de ses ‘’Makassids’’ et ses intérêts ‘’Massalih’’ en s’aidante des ressources de la science islamique ‘’Fiqh’’ et certains références modernes traitent ce domaine, et d’autres livres intéressant pour se faire j’ai divisé cette étude en deux parties une partie présent le cote théorique des ‘’ Makassids’’ légitimes et les relations du ‘’Waqf’’ avec elles . la deuxième partie présent une étude applique en investiguant les rôles universels dans tous les champs de la civilisation, dans le passé et actuellement .

Ainsi, dans le chapitre introductif j’ai essayé de définir les différents éléments

du thème, la légitimité (Machrouiya) du wakf et les éléments essentiels que

comprend son concept. D’abord j’ai montré dans la première section la définition

des éléments de l’étude : dimension, dessein ’’makassid’’, wakf, fiqh, et j’ai abordé

chaque notion en détail en donnant la définitions linguistique et terminologique,

avec présentation des différents définitions proposées pour le wakf.

La deuxième section est consacré pour la légitimité (Machrouiya) du wakf , la

raison derrière lui, ses colonnes (Arkanes), se types, les conditions de sa validité, et

certaines formes comme : les habous, wassia, les aumône volontaires, Zakat, omrah,

rokbah…

Le deuxième chapitre comprend trois grandes sections, la première présente la

relation entre le wakf et les makassid de la loi musulmane, la deuxième est consacré

pour mettre en vigueur le rôle du wakf dans la réalisation des makassid Essentielles,

(Hadjiya) et accessoires (Tahsinya).

La première section comprend deux paragraphes d’abord la relation des

makasid (objectifs, desseins) avec les massalih (intérêt), puis la situation du wakf

dans l’hiérarchie des makasid et la nature de cette relation.

La deuxième section se fait de six paragraphes. Se succédant le premier comme

introduction aux makassids nécessaire et leurs relation avec le waqf le deuxième est

pour déterminer le Makassids de la conservation de la religion , le troisième pour la

conservation de l’âme , le quatrième pour la conservation de l’esprit , le cinquième

pour le Makassids de la conservation de la progéniture et la sixième pour la

conservation des biens.

370

La troisième section explique le rôle du Waqf dans la réalisation des Makassids

essentielle et accessoires et ceci dans deux paragraphes.

Dans le deuxième chapitre de la 1er partie j »ai essayé de discuté certains

jugement du Waqf qui se remarque influencés par les makassid ou maslaha. Ce qui

la fait soumettre au makassid dans la formulation de jugement pour eux.

Ce chapitre est subdiviser en deux sections, la 1er est déstinée pour :

l’obligation du wakf, sa propriétaires, son objet (type) et l’effet de considération des

makassid sur ça. La deuxième section est réservée pour le mérite du wakf.

J’ai présenté dans chacune de ces sections les opinions des savants en sciences

islamiques (fuquahaa) dans les différents points, leurs arguments en les discutant

puis préférer l’opinion le plus adéquate. Puisque la plupart des jugements

concernant le wakf sont d’opinion et de raisonnement.

Ainsi la 1er section montre .l’intérêt du point de vue disant l’obligation du wakf.

Et la 2ème section comprend trois questions : wakf de mobilier, wakf d’aliment et

wakf d’argents pour chaque question j’ai montré l’effet de la considération des

makassid sur elle.

Le troisième section est destinée au wakf pour le soi ou pour la famille (enfanté)

et le sort de la route du wakf quand ceux bénéficiant du wakf périssent et le fait de

remarque des makassid dans chacune des questions.

Le troisième chapitre qui prend le titre de :l’effet de considération des makassid dans les conditions des donneurs de wakf ‘’dans certaines affaires de substitution. Ce chapitre ce subdivise en deux sections : le premier est pour les conditions des donneurs de wakf et comment intervient l’intérêt (maslaha) pour limiter ces conditions, et même les faire changer parfois. Pour démontrer la relation des makassid avec ce qui tait connu chez les (Fukaha) que ‘’les conditions du donneurs de wakf sont comme le teste du législateur’’. Le dernier section comprend trois éléments :

Le premier le concept de substitution (istibdal et mounakala) et la libération de

l’objet de conflit.

Le deuxième éléments applique la prise en considération des makassid dans la

substitution de l’immobilier du wakf, le troisième élément est sur le mobilier et

quelques un de ces formes et le quatrième est sur l’orientation du prix du wakf.

Dans chaque un de ces éléments j’ai essaye de de montrer effet de la ( Maslaha)

dans le jugements.

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Pour ce qui concerne la deuxième partie, elle est en effet un cadre pratique

appliqué dans lequel j’ai essaye de montrer certains rôles universel du wakf dans

touts les domaines de la civilisation et sa contribution dans la création d’un

établissement du wakf fut et reste la glaire de la civilisation musulmane.

Cette partie comprend deux chapitres: le premier concerne la dimension en makassid du wakf dans ses effets ; religieux, scientifiques, et culturels et le deuxième concerne la dimension dans les effets sociaux et économiques.

Le premier chapitre comprend deux sections ; la première présentes quelques

exemples pratiques dan le domaine du (Daaawa) qui constitue dans la préservation

des (Kulliet) nécessaires : religion, esprit,…

Le deuxième chapitre présente encore le dimension makassidi du wakf dans

leur effets sociaux et économiques ; ce chapitre est subdiviser en deux sections : la

première montre les rôles sociaux que avait joue le wakf dans ces journée et qui a

aboutit a la création de plusieurs établissements sociaux et des bienfaiteurs

honorables ce qui a donne de la vicacité au coté social de la société et a préserve

leurs nécessites et même besoins et leur accessoires.

La deuxième nous montre les rôles économiques du wakf et sa contribution

dans l’opération de la production et la distribution et la lutte contre le chômage et

l’activation du commerce et le développement qui sa rajoutant aux makassid que a

réalisé wakf (nécessaires, de besoins et accessoires).

Enfin j’ai termine cette étude par une conclusion qui comprend un ensemble de résultats et quelques recommandations.

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Summary of the research work the goal of wakf in islamic jurisprudence

I treated in this research the goal of “wakf” in islamic jurisprudence .it is a research that uncover the science of goal in some of its directions . and tthe role of wakf to realize its adventage, its relied in order to do that on the Islamic jurisprudence researsh some modern resources dealing with this topic, and many other in teresting books to fulfil this aim I divided my research into an initiating part and tow chapters; one chapter dealing with the theoric jurisprudential of the science of goals the relationship of wakf with it and the effect of considering goals in some of its directions. the secand chapter represents a practical study to uncover the civilizational roles played by wakf in the past and as well in present .

In the initiating part I tried to define the elements of the topic and how much is

wakf legal, its sagacity and the main elements included in its definition .

Howerer in the first section I treated the definition of the elements of the

reseaech; dimention of goals wakf Islamic jurisprudence, I dealt with each element

in details I have spoken about the linguistic definition and the conventional one.

during that I illustrated the most important defin itions dealing with wakf .

The second section is dealing with the legality of wakf and its sagacity, its

pillars, kinds, the condtions of its validity and its form

In the last section I made the difference bet ween wakf and some other forms like habs, testament, charity, zakat, omrah, rokbah.

In the first chapter intitled the goals of wakf in general, I decelt theoreticalhy,

in there section the first dealing with the relationship between wakf and the goals

of Islamic jurisprudence. the second is dealing with the role of wakf to realize the

essential goals. and in the third section I clarified the role of wakf to realize the goals

of improvement and the goals of necessity

I the first section in this chapter; I included tow underdersection; the first

dealing with the relationsgip of the goals and edvartages in Islam, the second

clarifies the location of wakf and its importance in the schedule of goals (Massalih)

and the nature of this relatiarship.

The second section which I splitted into six undersections; the the first was a

preface to the essential goals and its relationship with wakf, in the second I clarified

the goal of the protection of the religion, the third is dealing with the goal of the

protection of the soul, the fourth with the goal of the protection of the mind, the fifth

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with the protection of the progeny and the sixth with the goal of the protection of

wealth .

The third section I have spoken about the role of wakf to realize the goals of

necessity and the goals of improvement in two under sections.

Concerning the second chapter of the first part I tried to evoke some principles of wakf that may effected by goals or advantage wich make the these principles, under the effect of the sience of goals to form the direction of them. Isplitted this chapter into two sections; the first is dealing with the requirement of wakf, its posessionm its kind and the effect of the goals in it. The second section is dealing withwhom desrve wakf.

In each section I included the opinion of the jurisprudent concerning some

topics, and their arguments, and the discussion of these arguments however the

favored one, in accordance with tht goal, for all the direction of wakf are made by

andividual judjements.

However, in the first section I clarified the advantage of the requirement of

wakf.

In the second one I included three issues. Wakf conserned with food, concerned

with money and that concerned with the mobile, I n each issue I illustrated the effect

of thr concedeing goals in them.

The third section is dealing with the issue of wakf to oneself, to kinsman and

whom the benefits of wakf paid in case that the concerned people die.

The third chapter entitled the effect of concedring goals in conditions of people

concerned with wakf in some issues of interchangeability. This chapter includes two

sections.

The first one is dealing with the conditions of making wakf and the interfirance

of the advantage in limiting these conditions or changing it. After that I illustrated

the relationship of sience of goals with what is knon among islamic jurisprudent:

“the condition of the (wakif) like the direction of God”.

I included in the second section three elements; the first is dealing with the

meaning of changeability, mobility, and releasing titigious spot.

the second element is dealing with concedring goals in changing the real

estate.the third is dealing with mobile in wakf and some of its kinds. The fourth

wgen directing the cost of wakf. This for this part.

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Concerning the second part wch is he applied form, I tried to rise some roles of wakf in civilization and its assistance in franing society of wakf wich was the pride of the isla;ic civilization at that time.

This part is splitted into two chapters; the first is dealing with the goals of wakf

in spreading the word of God and in its scientific dimension.the second is dealing

with the goals of wakf in its social and economic effects.

In the first chapter I included two sections. In the first one I tried to give so;e

practical examples in the field of spreading the word of God (Daawa) wish form the

goals of wakf in this field and its assistance in protecting some of the global

necessities like protecting ;ind and religion.

The second chapter is also splitted into two sections.

Tge first one includes the social role that wakf played in its best days wich is gave birth to many social cha;panies wich improved the social side of society and protected their necessities.

The second illustrates the economic roles that wakf played in its assistance in

the proces of production and distribution and the annilulation of unemloynent,

actication commerce and developping different regions.however I concluded with

some results.

Finally, I think the God for helping me to finish this work and I ask Him to

accept it useful for all muslims and may peace of Allah be upon our prophet

mohammed.