34

BAND RECOVERY AND HARVEST DATA SUGGEST ADDITIONALAMERICAN BLACK DUCK RECORDS FROM TEXAS

William P. Johnsonl'3 and Pamela R. Garrettson2

lTexas Parks andWildlife Department, P.O. Box 659, Canyon, TX 79015 USA2U.5. Fish andWildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management, Population and Habitat

Assessment, 11510 American Holly Drive, Laurel, MD 20708 USA

ABSTRACT.-We reviewed band recovery data and Cooperative Waterfowl Parts Collection

Survey (PCS) data for records of American Black Ducks (Anas rubripes) shot in Texas. The PCS

is an annual U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) survey of waterfowl harvest composition

that relies on duck wings from a random sample of hunters. Between l9l4 md2009, 43 banded

American Black Ducks were recovered in Texas; 74Vo of these recoveries involved American

Black Ducks banded within their breeding range. Between the l97V7l waterfowl hunting season

and the 2008-2009 season, wings of 35 Texas harvested American Black Ducks were submitted to

the PCS. For both data sets, over 50Vo ofrecords were associated with the Coastal Prairies.

American Black Ducks (Anas rubripes) are rare inTexas. The Texas Bird Records Committee (TBRC)

recognizes only eight records since 1950 (Lockwood

and Freeman 2004). Seyffert (2001) reviewed 10

potential occurrences from the Texas Panhandle forthe period 1934-1994. These included a duck

captured and banded in Moore County and one taken

by a hunter in Hemphill County.

American Black Ducks are a TBRC review species

(Lockwood and Freeman 2004)., meaning potential

records will likely require firm documentation (e.9.,

photograph or specimen). They are similar inappearance to both Mottled Ducks (A. fulvigula)and Mexican Ducks (A. platyrhynchos diazi), two

Texas residents (Bellrose 1980, Lockwood and

Freeman 2004). Seyffert (2001) noted MottledDucks are encountered with a greater frequency inregions north of their traditional range and

cautioned they could be mistaken for American

Black Ducks. Similarly, Fedynich and Rhodes

(1995) documented several "dark" ducks in the

High Plains that resembled hybrid Mallard (4.

platyrhynchos) x Mottled Ducks, hybrid Mallard x

American Black Ducks, or Mexican Ducks. Thus,

caution is warranted relative to potential American

Black Duck sightings. Even so, we suspect American

Black Ducks are more common in Texas than

acknowledged sighting records suggest. To

investigate this proposition, we examined band

recovery data and PCS data for potential records

from Texas.

-'E-mail : Bill_Johnson@ fws. gov

Bull. Teras Ornith. Soc. 43(1-2): 2010

METHODSWe searched data on waterfowl banding and band

recovery locations held by the U.S. Geological

Survey's Bird Banding Laboratory (BBL). A11 but

the most recent data are available in a publicly-accessible database located online (U.S. Geological

Survey 2009). We first queried the data for'American Black Ducks" banded "anywhere" arrd

recovered in "Texas" during "any year." To

minimize chances of including other species

mistakenly identified as American Black Ducks

when banded, we further filtered the data for ducks

banded in the primary breeding range. We assumed

banders highly familiar with American Black Ducks

are less likely to band a similar species or hybridby mistake. However, some records excluded in this

second query included American Black Ducks

banded in South Dakota and Saskatchewan, whichare within the postbreeding dispersal range (late

summer and early fall) of American Black Ducks(Wright 1954). Banders working in these areas

regularly capture and band American Black Ducks;

moreover, many banders working in this region are

trained waterfowl biologists and are familiar withAmerican Black Ducks. We also queried the same

data set for hybrid "Mallard x American BlackDucks" banded "anywhere" and recovered in'oTexas" during "any year."

Data from the PCS were reviewed for American

Black Ducks wings submitted from Texas. This

dataset is derived from an annual survey of random

samples of watertou 1 L -:primary pulpose of the PC S

on species, sex. and 3'-a : -

waterfowl harvest. Th-'monitor populations. 3', , -

set hunting re-gulaticil' "

dynamics (e.-s.. He'lr';Anderson 200 1 . Kerrn -':- .2009). Hunters in th; - .

submit, via posta-qe-P.r:: ::USFWS, one u ing .: -during the waterfor', X :*::-

on where the hunter 1i"-:' :

to one of four "rr, ingt":;'waterfowl hunters sub:---: :

Flyway Win-ebee. Hu::rharvest countY. and h.:-- .

envelope prior to mi--::-.wingbee sites, thel are ' IData collected durir:g 'i'

sex, and age (hatch \ r;r - lwing (Raftovich et ai. I I r

Staff (primarill r', r-:-,::federal and state ' u- L' : l

wingbees, which are - : -most waterforn-l hu::-:.Biologists are sePr:i:: :people), and each S:rc;: '

checkers have recei'- :: ::

confirming their ab'il::-" :.

age, and sex. Biologis:' -- ,

wings methodicalll. - -

information and reCttrrJ-L iused to determine sp'e;:; . "

color patterns. size. tre".::=

wing size (Carnel lla-:.then passed to the gr -- -; 'recorded by biologi':'unusual win-E tor e :i"-:American Black Duci- -- :be checked a thiri :-: :checkers regularlr ;1":1

These individuals r -: ' :

identifying wings of .-- ':',the U.S.

Mottled Ducks r.:- - -

Central, MississlP;: -

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SYXfITYNiOIIIOOY

36

Figure 1. Examples of American Black Duck (left) and Mottled Duck (righQ wings submitted to the Cooperative Waterfowl partsCollection Survey during the 2008_2009 hunting season.

Table 1. Date anC

raflge" indicates the

Duck. Some bandeirepresent only ducks

BandNumber

2009, there have been 25,814 Mallard x AmericanBlack Duck hybrids banded.

Hunters submitted 15,013 American Black Duckwings to the PCS during the 1970-71 through2008-09 hunting seasons. Of those,35 weresubmitted from Texas (Table 2) and thesesubmissions accounted for 45Vo of American BlackDuck wings submitted to the Central FlywayWingbee. The number of wings submitted fromTexas during each decade ranged from 2 (1970s,2000s) to 18 (1980s). American Black Duck wingswere submitted from 18 different counties (Fig. 2),with the most (9) coming from Jefferson Co.

DISCUSSIONAlthough far fewer than I7o of American Black

Duck band recoveries or PCS wings came fromTexas, we provide evidence this species occursmore frequently in Texas than suggested by TBRCrecords. The TBRC recognizes eight records since

Bull. Texas Ornith. Soc. 43(l-2):2010

1950. However, there have been 15 bandedAmerican Black Ducks encountered in Texas since1950 and 35 American Black Ducks wingssubmitted through the PCS from Texas since the1969-1910 hunting season. Eight additional bandrecoveries occurred in Texas during this period, butthey involved American Black Ducks bandedoutside of their breeding range.

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Figure 2. American Black Duck records in Texas based on band recoveries (pink square = 1; red star = 2) and Cooperative Waterfowl

Parts Collection Survey records (shaded counties). Parts Collection Survey information is based on wings submitted by a random sample

of hunters that agree to participate in a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service suwey. Some counties have multiple records (refer to Table 2).

+

samples of waterfou I :.::based on an exPlicit sar.:-

The American Blaci. D

417 ,715 from 1990 to -'-tt'-

American Black Duck P'-:

be between 414.600 e:;2009). Considerin-e th;: :the American Black D;:r.any one time and an 3"":

recovered annualll. it :. -:

we report represenl .:- -

occuffing in Texas.

For our purposeS. c-*-Ion ( 1) ability of L''ai-- : - :species being bandeC- -(e.g., species codes ani i :':;

accurate reporting of i-":,encountered (most like-; --reporting aband. \\-e r:--:involves sexin-g and r:-:--eITOfS. EVen SO. \\ e ;1.-. _,

Black Ducks bandeC ,l'-'-'

range to minimize th- i':UnfortunatelY. 25 r'. ith ::-::is no way of knou ing '' - '

place for record keeP-:-(80+ years). We su=:r-: -:

was encountered c&fl [t :'was accuratell' report.: :most likely source c: :::information assoc i::= :encounter. Although ::; I

associated with an 3--:- ' r'

duck was han'ested - :individual reporting ir':- :their home location. i:s::.example, a Texas resl:;:-:returned home an'J r:r*-

his/her hometou n. -\: : :":is mis-read band Ii *: :attempts to follo\\' uF' --: \'

Data from the PCS '- \

American Black Du;i-. :-than accepted si-qhtnni ::;a shorter time series. '-l-'

35 American Black D-:Texas. Althou-uh thc P'[

hunter's abilitl' to in;;r-:::rely upon hunters I'l ;-county of harvest. \\-e ;.:a hunter might tePtrri -:they are provided ins::-:"

Table 2. Texas counties coffespondingCooperative Waterfowl Parts Collection2008-09 hunting season.

to harvest location of American Black Ducks submitted to the

Survey (PCS) during the 1910-l t hunting season through the

Rolling Plains

Blackland Prairies ffi

*j-"u --*'"...""\rS$

5"\,{

f' -'"-%**"*-'*h

Hdwards Plat*au

Tmn*-Pscos

South T*x*sBrush Cauntry

Hunting Year Number of Wings from Texas Texas Counties Represented in PCS (number of wings)

t972-73r97 4-t 5

1980-8 1

t98r-821983-841986-871988-891 989-90t990-9tt99r-92t992-931993-94r994-95t997 -982002-032008-09

1

1

4aJ

1

2aJ

5

4

2

2

1.lJ

Jefferson (1)

Chambers (1)

Harris (1), Jefferson (3)

Jefferson (2), Trrnity (1)

Kaufman (1)

Brazorra (2)

Aransas (1), Chambers (1), Hidalgo (1)

Angelina (1), Lampasas (2), Trinity (1), Willacy (1)

Brazorra (1), Chambers (1), Fort Bend (1), Liberty (1)

Jefferson (1), Montgomery (1)

Chambers (1), Waller (1)

Brazorra (1)

Brazorra (1), Jefferson (2)

Matagorda (1)

Washington (1)

Harrison (1)

Bull. Texas Ornith. Soc. 43(l'2):2010

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40

wingbee data. Kenneth Richkus suggested that we

incorporate PCS data into the manuscript and

Robert Raftovich assisted us with searching the

PCS data. Danny Bystrak, Paul Padding, Robert

Raftovich, and Cliff Shackelford provided

comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The

findings and conclusions in this article are those ofthe authors and do not necessarily represent the

views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

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of the black duck. Stackpole Company, Harrisburg,

Pennsylvania.

LO\Dar io -r

tThe -\-.;. ,. -".

Cc'anr', - -i --

DPW Environnt€rl.-"; - ;j

ABSTRACT --Vireos ( l irz, .. -

23 years r ielc::. -

data. We det---. -:individuals L'';:":::not reach age. > -

longevities '.r 3:': -

species. Age .': :-:color-bandei l;r ;than we obsel=.i I ispecies in the '.i. -- .

considerable ;:: : :

I\TR. - :Farner (19-+5 t Cr.:-:-. -

of longevity. "Pote::-'

life span attaine; -: -

conditions such es :: -;potential lon-ueviti

" ' -- :

the wild. Several ;*--- -:

type (hereafter "i'.':. - :birds (Kennard I Y-: t

Klimkiewtcz et a^" - - r

Futcher 1987. 19!Y il-Laboratory of I:. -

maintains and uPC;i;' ' -

North American : -::'2009). However. ir.: . r';bird species is lin-,t:": rc

duration or becaui3 : -' :

and monitored thrr'-::The Black-capPej '- :

federally-listed en j-:-: : :shrub-dominated h;r " "; "

of the largest knc''i :- lrbreeds at Fort Hoo; ),[-

and Coryell coun::: 'Biologists have ban;;: E

Butl. Texas Ornith. Soc. 43(l-2):2010