DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND EMP

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENT AND EMP REPORT

FOR

MOLASSES BASED 30 KLPD DISTILLERY PLANT

WITH COGENERATION POWER PLANT (1 MW)

AT

SURVEY NO. : 574, 575, 576, 579, 580, 583, 164 – 174, 179, 180 AT

POST GOLAN - DADARIYA, TAL. – VALOD, DIST. – TAPI

(394630), GUJARAT

PROJECT CATEGORY: A, 5(g) - DISTILLERIES

STUDY PERIOD: MARCH, 2019 TO MAY, 2019

PROJECT PROPONENT:

COPER CO-OPERATIVE SUGAR LIMITED

PREPARED BY:

en-VISION ENVIRO TECHNOLOGIES PVT. LTD.

3rd

Floor, Shri Ram Complex, Above Bank of India,

Near Kargil Chowk, Surat – Dumas Road,

Piplod, Surat – 395 007, Gujarat.

Phone No.: (0261) 2223003, 2224004

Email Add.: [email protected] Website: www.en-vision.in

QCI Accreditation : QCI / NABET Certificate No. NABET /EIA/1821/RA 0102

July – 2019

Report no. 190708_RP29_0

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.en-vision.in/

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COPER CO-OPERATIVE SUGAR LTD., DADRIYA, VALOD I-1

Declaration by Experts contributing to the EIA/EMP Report

For Proposed Molasses based 30 KLPD Distillery Plant with Cogeneration power Plant (1 MW) by Coper

Co-operative Sugar Ltd. (CCSL) at Survey no. : 574, 575, 576, 579, 580, 583, 164 – 174, 179, 180 at post

Golan - Dadariya, Tal. – Valod, Dist. – Tapi (394630), Gujarat

I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA.

EIA Coordinator

Name : Nihar Doctor

Signature and Date :

Name of Associate EIA

coordinator

: Jignesh Patel

:

Period of involvement : February – 2019 to July – 2019

Contact information : ENVISION ENVIRO TECHNOLOGIES PVT. LTD.

3rd

Floor, Shree Ram Complex, Above Bank of India,

Near Kargil Chowk, Surat-Dumas Road,

Piplod, Surat-395007, Gujarat.

Phone No.: (0261) 2223003, 2224004

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: www.en-vision.in

Functional Area Experts

Sr.

No.

Functional

Areas

Name of the

Expert/S

Involvement

(Period Task) Signature

1 AP Nihar Doctor

Period: February – 2019 to July – 2019

Site visit; technical guidance to associate EIA

coordinator and team member, verify FAE report,

Review and comment on EIA report.

2

WP

Nihar Doctor





3 AQ Nihar Doctor

Period: June – 2019

Based on project specific emission technical guidance

to team member to run the model. Verify model

output and its interpritation, Review and comment on

EIA report.

mailto:[email protected]

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Sr.

No.

Functional

Areas

Name of the

Expert/S

Involvement

(Period Task) Signature

4 SE Arif Shaikh


Site visit; Understanding of project and requirement

of SE study; socioeconomic data collection;

identification of impact, Impact aspect evaluation;

guidance to FAA for preparation of mitigative

measures of project on community, preparation of

CER plan; finalization of FAE report.

5 EB Manoj

Eledath

Period: March – 2019 to May – 2019

Site visit; EB data collection; Identification of

Impacts and suggested mitigation measures;

finalization of FAE report; preparation of

conservation

6 HG Ravikant

Sharma -- --

7 GEO Ravikant

Sharma Not utilized as per Scheme --

8 SC Dr. B. K.

Patel Not utilized as per Scheme --

9 SHW Nihar Doctor





10 N Mayur

Harsora

Period: March – 2019 to May – 2019

Identifying possible source of noise pollution at

various stages of development & operation. Impact

identification and suggesting mitigation measures;

finalization of FAE report.

11 LU Dr. Y.

Ramamohan

March – 2019 to May – 2019

Site visit; Collection of secondary data; preparation of

land use/land cover map from the satellite image

based on site visit. Identification of impacts and

suggesting mitigation measures.

12 RH Jignesh Patel


Site visit; evaluation of technical data; Identified

potential risk due to proposed activities at various

stage of development. Suggesting safety measures.

Finalization of FAE report.

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Declaration by the Head of the accredited consultant organization/ Authorized Person

I, Nihar Doctor, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA of proposed Molasses

based 30 KLPD Distillery Plant with Cogeneration power Plant (1 MW) by Coper Co-operative Sugar Ltd.

(CCSL). “It is certified that no unethical practice like „copy and paste‟, and used external data / text

without proper acknowledgement, while preparing this EIA report”. I also confirm that the consultant

organization shall be fully accountable for any mis-leading information mentioned in this statement.

Signature :

Name : Nihar Doctor

Designation : Director

Name of the EIA consultant

organization

: Envision Enviro Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

NABET Certificate No. & Issue

Date

: NABET/EIA/1821/RA 0102 valid up to December 06, 2020

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UNDERTAKING

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TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Purpose of EIA ....................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Project proponent ................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.3 Identification of project ......................................................................................................... 1-1

1.4 Nature of the project .............................................................................................................. 1-2

1.5 Demand Supply Gap .............................................................................................................. 1-2

1.5.1 Imports vs. Indigenous production..................................................................................... 1-2

1.6 Need of Project ...................................................................................................................... 1-3

1.7 Regulatory Frame Work ........................................................................................................ 1-3

1.7.1 Applicable CPCB‟s Guideline ........................................................................................... 1-4

1.7.2 Applicability of EIA Notification ...................................................................................... 1-5

1.8 Scope and Methodology of EIA Study .................................................................................. 1-5

1.8.1 Baseline Study ................................................................................................................... 1-5

1.8.2 Identification of Impact and Mitigation ............................................................................. 1-7

1.8.3 Environmental Management Plan ...................................................................................... 1-7

1.8.4 Additional Studies .............................................................................................................. 1-7

1.8.5 Structure of EIA Report ..................................................................................................... 1-7

CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Project Proponent ................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 Need and Nature of Project .................................................................................................... 2-1

2.3 Project Location ..................................................................................................................... 2-2

2.3.1 Layout Plan ........................................................................................................................ 2-4

2.4 Project Site History ................................................................................................................ 2-8

2.4.1 Environmental Sensitive Receptor ..................................................................................... 2-8

2.5 Salient Features ...................................................................................................................... 2-9

2.6 Magnitude of Project ........................................................................................................... 2-10

2.7 Manufacturing Process ........................................................................................................ 2-11

2.7.1 Rectified Spirit ................................................................................................................. 2-11

2.7.2 Head Spirit ....................................................................................................................... 2-11

2.7.3 Fuel Ethanol ..................................................................................................................... 2-11

2.7.4 Fusel Oil ........................................................................................................................... 2-13

2.8 Biogas Production ................................................................................................................ 2-15

2.8.1 Anaerobic Digestion Process ........................................................................................... 2-15

2.8.2 Technical Specifications for Biogas Plant ....................................................................... 2-16

2.8.3 Bio-composting ................................................................................................................ 2-18

2.9 Raw Material ........................................................................................................................ 2-21

2.9.1 Transportation of RM ...................................................................................................... 2-21

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2.10 Resource Requirement ......................................................................................................... 2-22

2.10.1 Investment ........................................................................................................................ 2-22

2.10.2 Land ................................................................................................................................. 2-22

2.10.3 Water ................................................................................................................................ 2-23

2.10.4 Fuel .................................................................................................................................. 2-26

2.10.5 Power/electricity .............................................................................................................. 2-26

2.10.6 Steam ............................................................................................................................... 2-26

2.10.7 Manpower ........................................................................................................................ 2-27

2.10.8 Utility ............................................................................................................................... 2-27

2.11 Proposed storage facility ...................................................................................................... 2-28

2.12 Wastewater Management ..................................................................................................... 2-29

2.12.1 Spent Wash (SW) ............................................................................................................. 2-29

2.12.2 Other wastewater stream .................................................................................................. 2-31

2.13 Air Emission ........................................................................................................................ 2-35

2.14 Solid/hazardous Waste ......................................................................................................... 2-35

2.15 Existing Greenbelt Area ....................................................................................................... 2-36

2.16 Existing Rain Water Harvesting System .............................................................................. 2-37

2.17 Project Schedule .................................................................................................................. 2-37

2.18 Organization structure .......................................................................................................... 2-38

CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONTMENT ...................................................................................... 3-1

3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 3-1

3.1.1 Objectives of Baseline Monitoring .................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.2 Study Area and Period ....................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.3 Data Collection Methodology ............................................................................................ 3-2

3.2 Meteorological Environment ................................................................................................. 3-2

3.2.1 Climate of Study Area ....................................................................................................... 3-2

3.3 Air Environment .................................................................................................................... 3-7

3.3.1 Sampling Methodology and Analysis ................................................................................ 3-7

3.3.2 Ambient Air Monitoring Locations ................................................................................... 3-8

3.3.3 Discussion on results and its interpretation ...................................................................... 3-13

3.4 Water Environment .............................................................................................................. 3-13

3.4.1 Sampling Methodology and Analysis .............................................................................. 3-13

3.4.2 Water Monitoring Location ............................................................................................. 3-14

3.4.3 Discussion on results and its interpretation (Ground Water) ........................................... 3-23

3.4.4 Discussion on results and its interpretation (Surface Water) ........................................... 3-24

3.5 Noise Environment .............................................................................................................. 3-25

3.5.1 Noise Monitoring Locations ............................................................................................ 3-26

3.5.2 Discussion of Noise Levels .............................................................................................. 3-29

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3.5.3 Traffic Study .................................................................................................................... 3-29

3.6 Soil Environment ................................................................................................................. 3-31

3.6.1 Sampling Methodology and Analysis .............................................................................. 3-32

3.6.2 Interpretation of Soil Data ............................................................................................... 3-36

3.7 Land Environment ............................................................................................................... 3-36

3.7.1 Methodology of Study ..................................................................................................... 3-37

3.7.2 Data Used ......................................................................................................................... 3-37

3.7.3 Land Use / Land Cover Map ............................................................................................ 3-37

3.8 Hydrology ............................................................................................................................ 3-41

3.8.1 Rainfall ............................................................................................................................ 3-41

3.8.2 Geology ............................................................................................................................ 3-42

3.8.3 Geomorphology .............................................................................................................. 3-44

3.8.4 Drainage .......................................................................................................................... 3-44

3.8.5 Topography ...................................................................................................................... 3-46

3.8.6 Seismic zone .................................................................................................................... 3-46

3.8.7 Methodology for Ground Water level Measurement ....................................................... 3-47

3.9 Geo Hydrogeology ............................................................................................................... 3-49

3.9.1 Water Level ...................................................................................................................... 3-49

3.9.2 Groundwater Quality ...................................................................................................... 3-50

3.9.3 Soil ................................................................................................................................... 3-52

3.10 Ecology and Bio-diversity ................................................................................................... 3-54

3.10.1 Biological Diversity ......................................................................................................... 3-54

3.10.2 Study Period and Study area ............................................................................................ 3-54

3.10.3 Methodology .................................................................................................................... 3-54

3.11 Biodiversity of Terrestrial Environment .............................................................................. 3-56

3.11.1 Habitats (Project Site and its Immediate Surroundings) .................................................. 3-56

3.11.2 Habitats (study area - 10 Km) .......................................................................................... 3-58

3.11.3 Floral Diversity of the Study Area ................................................................................... 3-61

3.11.4 Faunal Diversity of Study Area ....................................................................................... 3-64

3.12 Biodiversity Aquatic Environment: ..................................................................................... 3-66

3.12.1 Sampling Methodology: ................................................................................................... 3-67

3.12.2 Taxonomic evaluation: ..................................................................................................... 3-68

3.13 Socio-Economic Environment ............................................................................................. 3-69

3.13.1 Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 3-69

3.13.2 Identification of Stakeholders‟ ......................................................................................... 3-69

3.13.3 Methodology .................................................................................................................... 3-69

3.13.4 Limitations ....................................................................................................................... 3-71

3.13.5 The Project Influence Area .............................................................................................. 3-71

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3.13.6 Findings of Community Consultations ............................................................................ 3-76

3.13.7 Population Density ........................................................................................................... 3-77

3.13.8 Sex Ratio .......................................................................................................................... 3-77

3.13.9 Population Distribution (Rural & Urban) ........................................................................ 3-77

3.13.10 Quality of life ................................................................................................................... 3-80

3.13.11 People‟s Perception .......................................................................................................... 3-80

3.13.12 Conclusions Socio-Economic Survey .............................................................................. 3-83

CHAPTER 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............... 4-1

4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4-1

4.1.1 Objective ............................................................................................................................ 4-1

4.1.2 Project Activity, Environmental Aspects and Impacts ...................................................... 4-1

4.1.3 Environmental Indices ....................................................................................................... 4-1

4.1.4 Environmental Impact Assessment .................................................................................... 4-2

4.2 Environmental Impact and mitigation ................................................................................... 4-2

4.2.1 Identification of Impacts .................................................................................................... 4-2

4.2.2 Component wise Impact and Mitigation ............................................................................ 4-2

4.3 Air Quality Modeling ........................................................................................................... 4-23

4.3.1 AERMOD ........................................................................................................................ 4-23

4.4 Projection of Traffic ............................................................................................................. 4-31

4.5 Environmental Impact Assessment ...................................................................................... 4-32

4.5.1 Impact Scoring the Overall Severity/Consequence.......................................................... 4-32

4.5.2 Probability of Impact Occurrence .................................................................................... 4-33

4.5.3 Quantifying Environmental Impact ................................................................................. 4-34

4.6 Significance of Impacts ....................................................................................................... 4-35

4.6.1 Cumulative Impact Summary .......................................................................................... 4-49

CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY AND SITE) ................................................. 5-1

5.1 Site Alternative ...................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 Technology alternative (manufacturing process) ................................................................... 5-1

5.3 Technology alternative (spent wash treatment) ..................................................................... 5-2

5.3.1 Aspects of Spent Wash Treatment ..................................................................................... 5-2

5.3.2 Spent wash treatment technology by CSIR/CSMCRI ....................................................... 5-3

5.3.3 Resource requirement ........................................................................................................ 5-7

5.3.4 Water Recovery ................................................................................................................. 5-7

5.3.5 Pollution load from technology ......................................................................................... 5-7

5.3.6 Advantages of Technology ................................................................................................ 5-7

5.3.7 Economic viability ............................................................................................................. 5-8

5.4 Comparison of technology ..................................................................................................... 5-9

CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ....................................................................... 6-1

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6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 6-1

6.2 Environmental Monitoring Program ...................................................................................... 6-1

6.3 Environment Monitoring Budget ........................................................................................... 6-3

6.4 Documentation And Records ................................................................................................. 6-4

6.4.1 Online Monitoring System ................................................................................................. 6-4

CHAPTER 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES ........................................................................................................... 7-1

7.1 Public Consultation ................................................................................................................ 7-1

7.2 Social Impact Assessment and R & R issues ......................................................................... 7-1

7.3 Project Description ................................................................................................................ 7-1

7.4 Risk Assessment .................................................................................................................... 7-1

7.5 Storage of Chemicals ............................................................................................................. 7-2

7.6 Regulatory Permission ........................................................................................................... 7-4

7.6.1 PESO Permission: .............................................................................................................. 7-4

7.6.2 Applicability of MSIHC Rules: ......................................................................................... 7-4

7.7 Identification of Hazard ......................................................................................................... 7-4

7.7.1 Types of Major Accidents .................................................................................................. 7-5

7.7.2 System Elements or Event That Can Lead a Major Accident ............................................ 7-6

7.8 Hazard Indices ....................................................................................................................... 7-6

7.8.1 Maximum Credible Loss Accident Scenarios .................................................................... 7-6

7.8.2 Damage Criteria ................................................................................................................. 7-6

7.9 Consequence Analysis ........................................................................................................... 7-9

7.9.1 Scenarios (Vulnerability Area Identification) .................................................................... 7-9

7.9.2 Software Used for Calculations ....................................................................................... 7-10

7.9.3 Scenario of Consequence Analysis .................................................................................. 7-11

7.10 Summary & Recommendation ............................................................................................. 7-14

7.10.1 Hazard Identification Studies to be carried out by Unit based on Risk Assessment ....... 7-15

7.11 Hazards Associated with Chemical and its control Measures ............................................. 7-15

7.11.1 Chemical Storage and Handling& it‟s Control Measures ................................................ 7-15

7.11.2 Process Hazard & it‟s Control Measures ......................................................................... 7-18

7.11.3 General hazards and its control ........................................................................................ 7-19

7.12 Salient Features of Tank Farm Area .................................................................................... 7-19

7.13 Risk Prevention .................................................................................................................... 7-20

7.14 Equipment Design ................................................................................................................ 7-20

7.14.1 Plant Layout ..................................................................................................................... 7-21

7.14.2 Safety Awareness for Key Management .......................................................................... 7-22

7.14.3 Safety Training................................................................................................................. 7-22

7.14.4 Safety Audits and Inspections .......................................................................................... 7-23

7.14.5 Standard Operating Procedures ........................................................................................ 7-24

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7.14.6 Minimization of the Manual Handling of Hazardous Substance ..................................... 7-24

7.15 Do‟s and Don‟ts ................................................................................................................... 7-24

7.16 Risk Mitigation Measures .................................................................................................... 7-26

7.16.1 Treatment of Workers Affected by Accidental Spillage of Chemicals ............................ 7-26

7.16.2 Personal Protective Equipment ........................................................................................ 7-26

7.16.3 Medical Facilities ............................................................................................................. 7-27

7.17 Fire Fighting System ............................................................................................................ 7-28

7.18 Disaster Management Plan .................................................................................................. 7-28

7.18.1 Statutory Provisions ......................................................................................................... 7-29

7.18.2 Onsite Emergency Plan .................................................................................................... 7-29

7.18.3 Offsite Emergency Preparedness Plan ............................................................................. 7-43

7.19 Occupational Health Surveillance Program ......................................................................... 7-47

7.19.1 Health Management within Unit ...................................................................................... 7-47

7.19.2 Occupational Health Monitoring ..................................................................................... 7-47

7.20 Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) program...................................................................... 7-48

7.21 safety of general public ........................................................................................................ 7-49

CHAPTER 8 PROJECT BENEFITS ............................................................................................................... 8-1

8.1 Environmental Benefits ......................................................................................................... 8-1

8.1.1 Green Belt: ......................................................................................................................... 8-1

8.1.2 Water Conservation: .......................................................................................................... 8-1

8.1.3 Energy Conservation: ......................................................................................................... 8-1

8.1.4 Zero Liquid Discharge ....................................................................................................... 8-1

8.2 Physical Benefits .................................................................................................................... 8-1

8.3 Social Benefits ....................................................................................................................... 8-2

8.3.1 Local Employment: ............................................................................................................ 8-2

8.3.2 Employment Potential: ....................................................................................................... 8-2

8.3.3 Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) .................................................................. 8-2

8.4 Other Tangible Benefits ......................................................................................................... 8-4

CHAPTER 9 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS ..................................................................... 9-1

CHAPTER 10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................................ 10-1

10.1 Objectives of EMP ............................................................................................................... 10-1

10.2 Components of EMP ............................................................................................................ 10-1

10.3 Environment Management Plan ........................................................................................... 10-1

10.4 Fugitive Dust Control Plan ................................................................................................ 10-19

10.5 Odour Management Plan ................................................................................................... 10-19

10.5.1 Source of odor ................................................................................................................ 10-19

10.5.2 Odor Control from Area Sources ................................................................................... 10-20

10.5.3 Remedial Measures for odour control ............................................................................ 10-20

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10.6 Plan to reduce spent wash generation ................................................................................ 10-20

10.7 Rain Water Harvesting ....................................................................................................... 10-20

10.8 Action plan to control ground water pollution ................................................................... 10-21

10.9 Management of boiler ash .................................................................................................. 10-21

10.10 Resource conservation ....................................................................................................... 10-21

10.11 Environmental Management Cell (EMC) .......................................................................... 10-22

10.11.1 Reporting System ........................................................................................................... 10-23

10.12 Budget for Environment Protection ................................................................................... 10-23

CHAPTER 11 SUMMERY AND CONCLUSION ................................................................................... 11-1

11.1 Project Description .............................................................................................................. 11-1

11.2 Project Requirement ............................................................................................................ 11-1

11.2.1 Pollution Potential ............................................................................................................ 11-2

11.3 Baseline Environment .......................................................................................................... 11-2

11.3.1 Existing Environment Quality ......................................................................................... 11-2

11.4 Identification of Impact and Mitigation Measures ............................................................... 11-4

11.5 Alternative Site Study .......................................................................................................... 11-4

11.6 Monitoring Plan ................................................................................................................... 11-4

11.7 Additional Study .................................................................................................................. 11-5

11.8 Environmental Management Plan ........................................................................................ 11-5

11.9 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 11-5

CHAPTER 12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ....................................................................... 12-1

12.1 EIA Team ............................................................................................................................. 12-3

12.2 Laboratory Involved ............................................................................................................ 12-4

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COPER CO-OPERATIVE SUGAR LTD., DADRIYA, VALOD F-1

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1-1 Regulations and concern Authority ................................................................................................. 1-3 Table 1-2 Scope of Baseline Study .................................................................................................................. 1-5 Table 2-1 Project Site Description ................................................................................................................... 2-8 Table 2-2 Environment Sensitive Receptor ..................................................................................................... 2-8 Table 2-3 Infrastructure and Environmental Setting around the PS ................................................................ 2-9 Table 2-4 Proposed Product ........................................................................................................................... 2-10 Table 2-5 Raw Material Requirement ............................................................................................................ 2-21 Table 2-6: Project Cost .................................................................................................................................. 2-22 Table 2-7: Land Bifurcation ........................................................................................................................... 2-23 Table 2-8: Water Consumption – Construction Phase ................................................................................... 2-24 Table 2-9: Water Consumption – Operation Phase........................................................................................ 2-24 Table 2-10: Fuel Consumption ...................................................................................................................... 2-26 Table 2-11: Steam Requirement .................................................................................................................... 2-26 Table 2-12 Manpower .................................................................................................................................... 2-27 Table 2-13: List of Utilities ............................................................................................................................ 2-27 Table 2-14: Common Infrastructure .............................................................................................................. 2-28 Table 2-15 Proposed Storage Facility ............................................................................................................ 2-28 Table 2-16: Wastewater from Distillery Plant ............................................................................................... 2-29 Table 2-17: Characteristic of Raw Spent Wash ............................................................................................. 2-30 Table 2-18: Distillery Plant‟s Effluent ........................................................................................................... 2-31 Table 2-19: Effluent Characteristic ................................................................................................................ 2-31 Table 2-20 Stage wise effluent characteristic ................................................................................................ 2-32 Table 2-21: Proposed ETP units .................................................................................................................... 2-35 Table 2-22: Flue Gas Emission ...................................................................................................................... 2-35 Table 2-23 Waste Management ..................................................................................................................... 2-36 Table 2-24: Species of Existing Greenbelt .................................................................................................... 2-36 Table 2-25: RWH in Sugar Plant ................................................................................................................... 2-37 Table 3-1: Summary of Site Specific Meteorological Data ............................................................................. 3-5 Table 3-2: Air – Parameters analyzed and sampling duration ......................................................................... 3-7 Table 3-3: Ambient Air Quality - Methodology .............................................................................................. 3-7 Table 3-4: Ambient Air Monitoring Locations ................................................................................................ 3-8 Table 3-5: Ambient Air Quality Status .......................................................................................................... 3-11 Table 3-6: Summery of AAQ......................................................................................................................... 3-13 Table 3-7: Sample Collection and Analysis of Water Sample ....................................................................... 3-14 Table 3-8: Monitoring Locations for Ground Water and Surface Water ....................................................... 3-14 Table 3-9: Ground Water Quality .................................................................................................................. 3-18 Table 3-10: Surface Water Quality ................................................................................................................ 3-21 Table 3-11: Summary for Ground Water Quality .......................................................................................... 3-23 Table 3-12: Summary for Surface Water Quality .......................................................................................... 3-24 Table 3-13: Noise Monitoring Methodology ................................................................................................. 3-25 Table 3-14: Ambient Noise Quality Standards for Different Areas/Zones .................................................... 3-26 Table 3-15: Noise Monitoring Locations ....................................................................................................... 3-27 Table 3-16: Noise Levels ............................................................................................................................... 3-29 Table 3-17: Noise level due to transportation ................................................................................................ 3-29 Table 3-18: Summery for Noise level ............................................................................................................ 3-29 Table 3-19: Traffic Counts (up and down) .................................................................................................... 3-31 Table 3-20: Level of Service .......................................................................................................................... 3-31 Table 3-21: Methodology of Testing of Soil Samples ................................................................................... 3-32 Table 3-22: Soil Sampling Location .............................................................................................................. 3-33 Table 3-23: Physicochemical Characteristics of the Soil ............................................................................... 3-35 Table 3-24: Summary of the Soil quality ....................................................................................................... 3-36

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Table 3-25: Land Use / Land Cover Statistics ............................................................................................... 3-38 Table 3-26 Geological Succession ................................................................................................................. 3-42 Table 3-27 Table shows the locations of water level measurement ............................................................... 3-49 Table 3-28 Ground water quality data ........................................................................................................... 3-50 Table 3-29 Soil sample for HG study ............................................................................................................ 3-52 Table 3-30 Soil sample laboratory analysis summary ................................................................................... 3-53 Table 3-31 Crops in study area ...................................................................................................................... 3-62 Table 3-32 Vulnerable and Near Threatened birds of the study area............................................................. 3-65 Table 3-33: Species provided Protection as per Wild Life Protection Act 1972 ........................................... 3-65 Table 3-34 Sampling for EB study ................................................................................................................ 3-66 Table 3-35: list of villages where Socio-economic study conducted ............................................................. 3-70 Table 3-36: List of Villages in PIA (Census 2011)........................................................................................ 3-72 Table 4-1 Environmental Aspect, Impact and Mitigation ................................................................................ 4-3 Table 4-2 Details of Stacks ............................................................................................................................ 4-24 Table 4-3: Maximum Ground Level Concentration from Proposed Source (Average 24 hourly) ................ 4-30 Table 4-4: Predicted 24 hourly Short Term Incremental Concentrations from Proposed Source ................. 4-30 Table 4-5: Proposed Traffic Load (up and down) .......................................................................................... 4-31 Table 4-6: Scoring System ............................................................................................................................. 4-32 Table 4-7: Impact scoring for Ecology and Biodiversity ............................................................................... 4-33 Table 4-8: Occurrence Frequency Assessment- Ecological ........................................................................... 4-33 Table 4-9: Occurrence Frequency Assessment-Others .................................................................................. 4-34 Table 4-10: Environmental Impact Significance Criteria .............................................................................. 4-34 Table 4-11: Environmental Risk Categorization ........................................................................................... 4-34 Table 4-12: Ecological Risk Categorization .................................................................................................. 4-35 Table 4-13 Significance of Impacts – Construction Phase ............................................................................ 4-36 Table 4-14 Significance of Impacts – Operation Phase ................................................................................. 4-40 Table 4-15 Cumulative Impact ...................................................................................................................... 4-49 Table 5-1 Material Balance for One KL of RS Production ............................................................................. 5-2 Table 5-2 Additional Products ......................................................................................................................... 5-3 Table 5-3 Material Balance .............................................................................................................................. 5-3 Table 5-4 Cost of new Technology .................................................................................................................. 5-6 Table 6-1: Environmental Monitoring Program .............................................................................................. 6-1 Table 6-2: Environmental Monitoring Plan ..................................................................................................... 6-3 Table 7-1 Details of Storage Tank, Types of Possible hazards ........................................................................ 7-2 Table 7-2 Details of Other Chemicals .............................................................................................................. 7-3 Table 7-3: Hazardous Characteristics of major chemicals ............................................................................... 7-3 Table 7-4: Threshold Storage Quantity as per MSIHC Rules .......................................................................... 7-4 Table 7-5 Probable Major Emergency ............................................................................................................. 7-5 Table 7-6: Damages to Human Life Due to Heat Radiation ............................................................................ 7-7 Table 7-7: Effects Due to Incident Radiation Intensity ................................................................................... 7-8 Table 7-8: Damage Due to Peak over Pressure ................................................................................................ 7-8 Table 7-9: Possible Accident Scenario ............................................................................................................ 7-9 Table 7-10: Summary of Consequence Analysis - Fire end points ................................................................ 7-11 Table 7-11 Details of chemicals Storage, Handling, Transportation and Its types of hazards Possible &

Control Measures ........................................................................................................................................... 7-16 Table 7-12 Details of Proposed hazardous process........................................................................................ 7-18 Table 7-13 General Hazard Associated ......................................................................................................... 7-19 Table 7-14: List of Personal Protective Equipments...................................................................................... 7-27 Table 7-15: List of Antidotes ......................................................................................................................... 7-28 Table 7-16 List of Proposed Fire Fighting Equipments ................................................................................. 7-28 Table 7-17: Offsite Action Plan ..................................................................................................................... 7-46 Table 7-18: Occupational Health Monitoring ................................................................................................ 7-48

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Table 8-1 CER Plan ......................................................................................................................................... 8-3 Table 10-1 Construction phase EMP plan ..................................................................................................... 10-2 Table 10-2 Operational phase EMP plan ....................................................................................................... 10-7 Table 10-3 Proposed RWH System ............................................................................................................. 10-21 Table 10-4: Roles and Responsibility of EMC Cell..................................................................................... 10-22 Table 10-5: Capital cost for EMS ................................................................................................................ 10-24 Table 10-6: Recurring cost for EMS ............................................................................................................ 10-24 Table 11-1 BLM Monitoring Location summery .......................................................................................... 11-2 Table 12-1 EIA Team .................................................................................................................................... 12-3 Table 12-2 Details of Laboratory ................................................................................................................... 12-4

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1: Location Map ................................................................................................................................ 2-2 Figure 2-2: Google Image showing Project Site and surrounding ................................................................... 2-3 Figure 2-3: Distillery Plant in Existing Sugar Factory..................................................................................... 2-3 Figure 2-4: Layout Plan of Existing Sugar Factory ......................................................................................... 2-5 Figure 2-5: Layout Plan of Proposed Distillery Plant ...................................................................................... 2-6 Figure 2-6: Topography Map with PS and Study area ..................................................................................... 2-7 Figure 2-7: RS Manufacturing Process Diagram ........................................................................................... 2-13 Figure 2-8: Material Balance for RS Manufacture ........................................................................................ 2-14 Figure 2-9: Water Balance Diagram – Distillery Plant .................................................................................. 2-25 Figure 2-10: Flow Sheet of Bio Gas Plant ..................................................................................................... 2-30 Figure 2-11: Schematic Flow Diagram of ETP ............................................................................................. 2-34 Figure 2-12 Existing Greenbelt Area ............................................................................................................. 2-37 Figure 2-13: Project Schedule ........................................................................................................................ 2-38 Figure 2-14 Organization Chart ..................................................................................................................... 2-39 Figure 3-1: Annual Wind Rose of Daily Surface Data (8:30 a.m.) at Surat Station (1971-2000) ................... 3-4 Figure 3-2: Annual Wind Rose of Daily Surface Data (5:30 p.m.) at Surat Station (1971-2000) ................... 3-4 Figure 3-3: Primary Wind rose Diagram (March to May 2019) ...................................................................... 3-6 Figure 3-4: Google Image Showing Ambient Air Quality Locations .............................................................. 3-9 Figure 3-5: Google Image Showing Ground Water Sampling Locations ...................................................... 3-15 Figure 3-6: Google Image Showing Surface Water Sampling Locations ...................................................... 3-16 Figure 3-7: Google Image Showing Noise Sampling Locations ................................................................... 3-27 Figure 3-8: Google Image Showing Location of Traffic Survey ................................................................... 3-30 Figure 3-9: Google Image Showing Soil Sampling Locations ...................................................................... 3-33 Figure 3-10: Land use/Land Cover Map of 10 km Radius Study Area ......................................................... 3-39 Figure 3-11: Satellite Imaginary of 10 km Radius Study Area ...................................................................... 3-40 Figure 3-12 Location Map of Tapi District .................................................................................................... 3-41 Figure 3-13 Average annual rainfall (1995 – 2016)....................................................................................... 3-42 Figure 3-14 Geological Map of Tapi District and study area ........................................................................ 3-43 Figure 3-15 Digital Elevation Model of the study area .................................................................................. 3-44 Figure 3-16: Drainage Map of study area ...................................................................................................... 3-45 Figure 3-17: Seismic Zone map – Gujarat ..................................................................................................... 3-46 Figure 3-18 Soil Map of study area ............................................................................................................... 3-47 Figure 3-19 Flow chart showing methodology adopted for the study ........................................................... 3-47 Figure 3-20 Contour Map showing Reduced Water Level ............................................................................ 3-50 Figure 3-21 Google imaginary snap shot of the project site and surroundings .............................................. 3-56 Figure 3-22: Villages in Study Area .............................................................................................................. 3-70

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Figure 4-1 Spatial Distribution of 24-Hour Average PM10 Concentration from Proposed Source on Google

Earth (μg/m3) ................................................................................................................................................. 4-24 Figure 4-2: Spatial Distribution of 24-Hour Average PM10 Concentration from Proposed Source on land

use map (μg/m3) ............................................................................................................................................. 4-25

Figure 4-3 Spatial Distribution of 24-Hour Average SO2 Concentration from Proposed Source on Google

Earth (μg/m3) ................................................................................................................................................. 4-26 Figure 4-4: Spatial Distribution of 24-Hour Average SO2 Concentration from Proposed Source on Land

use map (μg/m3) ............................................................................................................................................ 4-27

Figure 4-5 Spatial Distribution of 24-Hour Average NOx Concentration from Proposed Source on Google

Earth (μg/m3) ................................................................................................................................................. 4-28 Figure 4-6 Spatial Distribution of 24-Hour Average NOx Concentration from Proposed Source on Land

use map (μg/m3) ............................................................................................................................................ 4-29 Figure 7-1 Threat zone of Maximum Credible Accident Scenario for Ethanol – Pool Fire .......................... 7-12 Figure 7-2 Threat zone of Worst Case Scenario for Etanol – Pool Fire ........................................................ 7-12 Figure 7-3 Threat zone of Maximum Credible Accident Scenario for Rectified Spirit – Pool Fire .............. 7-13 Figure 7-4 Threat zone of Worst Case Scenario for Rectified Spirit – Pool Fire .......................................... 7-13 Figure 7-5 Organizational Set-up for Onsite Emergency Plan ...................................................................... 7-31 Figure 7-6: Off-Site Emergency Plan ............................................................................................................ 7-44 Figure 10-1: Environment Management Cell .............................................................................................. 10-23

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS

Photograph 2-1 Project Site Photograph .......................................................................................................... 2-4 Photograph 2-2 Existing Bio-compost Yard .................................................................................................. 2-20 Photograph 3-1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring ......................................................................................... 3-10 Photograph 3-2 Surface & Ground Water Sampling ..................................................................................... 3-17 Photograph 3-3 Noise Monitoring ................................................................................................................. 3-28 Photograph 3-4 Soil Sampling ....................................................................................................................... 3-34 Photograph 3-5 Soil sampling by Geo Engineering Services ...................................................................... 3-52 Photograph 3-6 Ecology at and near project site ........................................................................................... 3-58 Photograph 3-7 Google imaginary snap shot of Biodiversity of the study area ............................................ 3-61 Photograph 3-8 Major Crops of the study area .............................................................................................. 3-63 Photograph 3-9 Fruit Grown within study area ............................................................................................. 3-63 Photograph 3-10 Field work for EB study ..................................................................................................... 3-67

LIST OF ANNEXURE

Annexure 1 ToR letter .......................................................................................................................... A-2 Annexure 2 CC&A copy and compliance report .................................................................................. A-3 Annexure 3 Layout plan of sugar factory ............................................................................................. A-4 Annexure 4 Layout plan of proposed distillery plant ........................................................................... A-5 Annexure 5 Land documents – distillery plant ..................................................................................... A-6 Annexure 6 CGWB Application ........................................................................................................... A-7 Annexure 7 Baseline status of Ecology and Biodiversity ..................................................................... A-8 Annexure 8 Conservation plant - Pea fowl ........................................................................................... A-9 Annexure 9 Major equipment/ machineries for Potash Manufacturing technology ............................A-10 Annexure 10 Summery of GPCB Notice details ...................................................................................A-11 Annexure 11 Health record ....................................................................................................................A-12 Annexure 12 MSDS Details ..................................................................................................................A-13 Annexure 13 Letter for availability of molasses ....................................................................................A-14 Annexure 14 Raw Air Data for 12 weeks ..............................................................................................A-15

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COPER CO-OPERATIVE SUGAR LTD., DADRIYA, VALOD C-1

TOR COMPLIANCE

ToR letter no. IA-J-11011/142/2019-IA-II (I) dated 12/04/2019.

ToR

S.No ToR Condition ToR Compliance

Section/

Pg. No.

A. STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCES

1. Executive Summary Executive summary of proposed project

is incorporated in EIA report.

Chapter 11/

11-1

2. Introduction

i. Details of the EIA Consultant including

NABET accreditation

En-vision Enviro Technologies Pvt.

Ltd. having NABET Accreditation no. :

NABET/EIA/1821/RA 0102, was

appointed as environmental consultant

to carry out the Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) study of the proposed

distillery project.

Chapter 12/

12-1

ii. Information about the project proponent Project proponent detail is incorporated

in EIA report. 1.2 / 1-1

iii. Importance and benefits of the project Project benefit is incorporated in EIA

report.

Chapter 8 /

8-1

3. Project Description

i. Cost of project and time of completion

Project Capital Cost : 5010.57 Lacs

Time of completion : 18 months from

EC

--

ii. Products with capacities for the proposed

project

Proposed project is molasses based

distillery plant of capacity 30 KLPD

with cogeneration power plant of

capacity 1 MW.

Products :

1) Rectified Spirit (30 KLPD) Or

Fuel Ethanol (28.57 KLPD) Or

Anhydrous Alcohol (28.59 KLPD)

2) Head Spirit i.e. Impure Spirit (1.5

KLPD)

3) Fusel Oil (0.086 KLPD)

Co-products

1) Bio Gas (12000 m3/day)

In case CSIR/CSMCRI technology

will be installed if permission granted

by authority, then following by-

products will be generated,

1) CMS (43 MTPD)

2) Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) (6.8

MTPD)

3) Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4)

(13.6 MTPD)

4) Water (272.7 KLD)

Table 2-4 /

2-10

iii.

If expansion project, details of existing

products with capacities and whether

adequate land is available for expansion,

reference of earlier EC if any.

Proposed distillery plant to produce

Rectified Spirit (RS) and Fuel Ethanol

on open land of existing sugar industry

utilizing available facility. Propose

distillery plant is type of expansion of

existing industrial activities carried out

--

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ToR


Section/

Pg. No.

by sugar industry in board term, but as

it is separate entity to be developed

along with all pollution control

measures.

iv. List of raw materials required and their

source along with mode of transportation.

For Distillery Plant :

Molasses (111.11 MTPD),

Nutrient (0.03 MTPD),

TRO (0.24 MTPD)

H2SO4 (0.09 MTPD)

For Bio Gas :

Spent wash (300 KLD),

Urea (0.1500 MTPD),

Lime (13.5000 MTPD)

For Bio-compost :

Culture (0.0857 MTPD)

Table 2-5 /

2-21

v. Other chemicals and materials required

with quantities and storage capacities

No other chemicals mentioned under

raw material requirement will be used at

proposed distillery plant.

--

vi. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous

waste generation and their management.

Flue gas emission from proposed 10

TPH boiler

Wastewater generation (1188 KLD)

from proposed distillery plant

Solid Waste : Fly Ash(121.5 MT);

Packing material (60 kg); ETP

Sludge (9 MT)

Hazardous Waste: Used/Spent Oil

(500 kg); Discarded

containers/barrels (5 nos.)

Table 2-22 /

2-35

Table 2-16 /

2-29

Table 2-23 /

2-36

vii.

Requirement of water, power, with source

of supply, status of approval, water

balance diagram, man-power requirement

(regular and contract)

Water will be sourced from RWH

system/bore well/canal water

Water Requirement

Domestic : 21 KLD

Industrial : 1184 KLD

CGWA application to obtain NOC

has been done by proponent. Copy of

the same is incorporated in EIA

report.

WBD is incorporated in EIA report.

Man power: 83 nos. (operation

phase)

2.10.3 / 2-23

Annexure 6/

A-7

Figure 2-9 /

2-25

2.10.7 /

2-27

viii.

Process description along with major

equipments and machineries, process flow

sheet (quantative) from raw material to

products to be provided

Process description along with process

flow sheet (raw material to products)

and material balance diagram is

incorporated in EIA report.

2.7 / 2-11

Figure 2-8 /

2-14

ix. Hazard identification and details of

proposed safety systems.

Hazards in proposed distillery plant has

been identified and incorporated in

additional study along with proposed

safety system.

7.7 / 7-4

x. Expansion/modernization proposals

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ToR


Section/

Pg. No.

a.

Copy of all the Environmental

Clearance(s) including Amendments

thereto obtained for the project from

MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an

Annexure. A certified copy of the latest

Monitoring Report of the Regional Office

of the Ministry of Environment and

Forests as per circular dated 30th May,

2012 on the status of compliance of

conditions stipulated in all the existing

environmental clearances including

Amendments shall be provided. In

addition, status of compliance of Consent

to Operate for the ongoing I existing

operation of the project from SPCB shall

be attached with the EIA-EMP report.

Not Applicable as proposed

distillery plant is Greenfield project

to be developed on open land of

existing sugar industry.

Environmental Clearance (EC) is

not applicable to existing sugar

industry as it was established in

1997 and does not attract EIA

notification.

--

b.

In case the existing project has not

obtained environmental clearance, reasons

for not taking EC under the provisions of

the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA

Notification 2006 shall be provided.

Copies of Consent to Establish/No

Objection Certificate and Consent to

Operate (in case of units operating prior to

EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of

FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB

shall be submitted. Further, compliance

report to the conditions of consents from

the SPCB shall be submitted

Existing sugar industry has valid

consent to operate vide no. AWH –

98953 dated 24.01.2019, valid up to

19.12.2023.

CC&A compliance report is

attached in EIA report.

Annexure 2 /

A-3

4. Site Details

i.

Location of the project site covering

village, Taluka/Tehsil, District and State,

Justification for selecting the site, whether

other sites were considered

Google image and Topo-sheet showing

project site and villages within study

area is incorporated in EIA report.

Figure 2-2

& Figure

2-3/ 2-3

ii.

A toposheet of the study area of radius of

10 km and site location on

1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2

sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas and

environmentally sensitive places)

Topo-sheet showing project site and

villages within study area is


Figure 2-6 /

2-7

iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection

of site

No alternative site study has been

conducted for proposed project as it will

establish on open land available within

existing sugar industry.

5.1 / 5-1

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Section/

Pg. No.

iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners

of the site

GPS coordinates of distillery plant

Identification Latitude & Longitude

1 20°59'38.84"N

73°17'54.39"E

2 20°59'38.02"N

73°17'55.92"E

3 20°59'36.48"N

73°17'55.92"E

4 20°59'35.56"N

73°17'58.19"E

5 20°59'39.35"N

73°17'59.72"E

6 20°59'40.56"N

73°17'56.86"E

-

Figure 2-3/

2-3

v. Google map-Earth downloaded of the

project site

Google image showing project site is


Figure 2-3/

2-3

vi.

Layout maps indicating existing unit as

well as proposed unit indicating storage

area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc.

If located within an Industrial

area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial

Area indicating location of unit within the

Industrial area/Estate.

Layout maps indicating existing

sugar unit as well as proposed

distillery plant incorporated in EIA

report.

Layout plan of distillery showing

storage area, plant area, utilities etc.

is also incorporated in EIA report.

Annexure 3 /

A-4

Annexure 4 /

A-5

vii.

Photographs of the proposed and existing

(if applicable) plant site. If existing, show

photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in

particular.

Photographs of the proposed plant site

are incorporated in EIA report.

Photograph

2-1 / 2-4

viii.

Landuse break-up of total land of the

project site (identified and acquired),

government/ private - agricultural, forest,

wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc

shall be included. (not required for

industrial area)

Land use bifurcation of project site is


Table 2-7 /

2-23

ix.

A list of major industries with name and

type within study area (10km radius) shall

be incorporated. Land use details of the

study area

Hill Limited is located at 0.59 km in

NWN direction from CCSL. No other

industries located in surrounding.

Table 2-3 /

2-9

x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological

status of the study area shall be included.

Geological features and Geo-

hydrological status of the study area is


3.9 / 3-49

xi.

Details of Drainage of the project up to

5km radius of study area. If the site is

within 1 km radius of any major river, peak

and lean season river discharge as well as

flood occurrence frequency based on peak

rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of

Flood Level of the project site and

maximum Flood Level of the river shall

also be provided. (mega green field

projects)

Drainage of the project up to 10 km

radius of study area is incorporated

in EIA report.

No major river flows within 1 km

radius of PS.

No flood history was recorded near

the project site.

Figure 3-16 /

3-45

xii.

Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition

is not complete, stage of the acquisition

process and expected time of complete

Project land is already in possession

with project proponent since 1997.

Land document is attached in EIA

Annexure 5

A-6

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Section/

Pg. No.

possession of the land. report.

xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with

state Government policy

No R&R is applicable to proposed

project. 7.2 / 7-1

5. Forest and wildlife related issues (if

applicable) Not Applicable --

i.

Permission and approval for the use of

forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and

recommendations of the State Forest

Department. (if applicable)

--

ii.

Landuse map based on High resolution

satellite imagery

(GPS) of the proposed site delineating the

forestland (in case of projects involving

forest land more than 40 ha)

--

iii. Status of Application submitted for

obtaining the stage I forestry clearance

along with latest status shall be submitted

--

iv. The projects to be located within 10 km of

the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere

Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild

Animals, the project proponent shall

submit the map duly authenticated by

Chief Wildlife Warden showing these

features vis-à-vis the project location and

the recommendations or comments of the

Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon

--

v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly

authenticated by the Chief Wildlife

Warden of the State Government for

conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any

exists in the study area

--

vi. Copy of application submitted for

clearance under the Wildlife (Protection)

Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of

the National Board for Wildlife

--

6. Environmental Status

i. Determination of atmospheric inversion

level at the project site and site-specific

micrometeorological data using

temperature, relative humidity, hourly

wind speed and direction and rainfall.

Site-specific micrometeorological data

has been collected for the period March

to May – 2019. Detail of the same is


3.2.1.2 / 3-5

ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations

for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and

other parameters relevant to the project

shall be collected. The monitoring stations

shall be based CPCB guidelines and take

into account the pre-dominant wind

direction, population zone and sensitive

receptors including reserved forests

AAQ data has been collected for the

period March to May – 2019 for 8

location including PS considering pre-

dominant wind direction, population

zone and sensitive receptors. Detail of

the same is incorporated in EIA report.

Table 3-5 /

3-11

iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12

weeks of all stations as per frequency

given in the NAQQM Notification of Nov.

2009 along with - min., max., average and

Raw data of AAQ measurement for 12

weeks of all stations along with - min.,

max., average and 98% values is


Annexure 14

/ A-15

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Section/

Pg. No.

98% values for each of the AAQ

parameters from data of all AAQ stations

should be provided as an annexure to the

EIA Report

iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100

m upstream and downstream of discharge

point) and other surface drains at eight

locations as per CPCB/MoEF & CC

guidelines

Samples of Surface water bodies

located in study area has been collected

and results of the same are incorporated

in EIA report.

Table 3-10 /

3-21

v. Whether the site falls near to polluted

stretch of river identified by the

CPCB/MoEF & CC, if yes give details

No, project site is not falls near to

polluted stretch of river identified by

the CPCB/MoEFCC

--

vi.

Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8

locations shall be included

Sampling of Ground water available in

study area has been collected and

results of the same are incorporated in

EIA report.

Table 3-9 /

3-18

vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations

within the study area

Noise levels monitoring has been

conducted and results of the same are


Table 3-16 /

3-29

viii.

Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines

Soil samples have been collected from

study area and results of the same are


Table 3-23 /

3-35

ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles,

frequency of vehicles for transportation of

materials, additional traffic due to

proposed project, parking arrangement etc

Traffic study of the area has been

conducted during study period and

detail of the same incorporated in EIA

report.

3.5.3 / 3-29

x. Detailed description of flora and fauna

(terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the

study area shall be given with special

reference to rare, endemic and endangered

species. If Schedule-I fauna are found

within the study area, a Wildlife

Conservation Plan shall be prepared and

furnished.

Flora and fauna (terrestrial and aquatic)

existing in the study area has been

surveyed and details of the same is


Peafowl is Schedule-I fauna found

within the study area and wildlife

Conservation Plan is prepared and


Annexure 7 /

A-8

Annexure 8 /

A-9

xi. Socio-economic status of the study area

Socio-economic status of the study area

is incorporated in EIA report. 3.13 / 3-69

7. Impact and Environment Management

Plan

i. Assessment of ground level concentration

of pollutants from the stack emission based

on site-specific meteorological features. In

case the project is located on a hilly terrain,

the AQIP Modeling shall be done using

inputs of the specific terrain characteristics

for determining the potential impacts of the

project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of

all sources of emissions (including

transportation) on the AAQ of the area

shall be assessed. Details of the model used

and the input data used for modeling shall

also be provided. The air quality contours

shall be plotted on a location map showing

the location of project site, habitation

nearby, sensitive receptors, if any

Ground level concentration (GLC) of

pollutants from proposed project has

been evaluated using AERMOD model.

Input and output of the model data is


Air quality contours for various

parameters has been plotted on a

location map (Google image and LU

map) showing the location of project

site, nearby habitation, sensitive

receptors etc. and the same is


Table 4-4 /

4-30

Figure 4-1 to

Figure 4-6/

4-24 to 4-29

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Section/

Pg. No.

ii. Water Quality modeling - in case of

discharge in water body

Not Applicable as proposed distillery

plant will be Zero Liquid and Zero

Spent wash discharge unit.

--

iii. Impact of the transport of the raw materials

and end products on the surrounding

environment shall be assessed and

provided. In this regard, options for

transport of raw materials and finished

products and wastes (large quantities) by

rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor

cum- rail transport shall be examined

No significant impacts due to

transportation as major raw materials

will be obtained from existing sugar

industry. Impact of the transportation is

envisaged and details are incorporated

in EIA report.

Table 4-1 /

4-3

iv.

A note on treatment of wastewater from

different plant operations, extent recycled

and reused for different purposes shall be

included. Complete scheme of effluent

treatment. Characteristics of untreated and

treated effluent to meet the prescribed

standards of discharge under E(P) Rules

Spent wash (300 KLD) will be

treated in anaerobic process

followed by evaporator.

Wastewater (159 KLD) to be

generated from proposed utility will

be treated in condensate polishing

unit (CPU) along with condensate

stream of SW (243 KLD) from

evaporator.

Treated water from CPU (384 KLD)

will be reuse in process.

Characteristics of untreated and

treated effluent are incorporated in

EIA report.

2.12 / 2-29

Table 2-17 /

2-30

v.

Details of stack emission and action plan

for control of emissions to meet standards

PM, SO2, NOx are the main pollutant

emitted from stack attached with

proposed 10 TPH boiler. Multi Cyclone

Separator followed by bag filter will be

provided as APCM to meet the statutary

norms. Details of the same is


Table 2-22 /

2-35

vi. Measures for fugitive emission control

Measures to control fugitive emission

are incorporated in EIA report. 10.4 / 10-19

vii.

Details of hazardous waste generation and

their storage, utilization and management.

Copies of MOU regarding utilization of

solid and hazardous waste in cement plant

shall also be included. EMP shall include

the concept of waste-minimization, recycle

/recover / reuse techniques, Energy

conservation, and natural resource

conservation

Used oil (500 kg.) will be disposed

to registered recyclers or used for

lubrication. Discarded containers (5

nos.) will be sold out to

decontamination facility or send

back to suppliers.

Fly ash (121.5 MT) will be stored in

pit and sell to brick manufacturer.

ETP sludge (9 MT) will be used as

manure within premises.

EMP formulated for proposed

project considering recycle /recover

/ reuse techniques, Energy

conservation, and natural resource

conservation and detail of the same

is incorporated in EIA report.

Table 2-23 /

2-36

10.10 / 10-

21

viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be

ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, 2009.

A detailed plan of action shall be provided

Fly ash (121.5 MT) will be stored in pit

and sell to brick manufacturer.

Table 2-23 /

2-36

en-vιsιn


ToR


Section/

Pg. No.

ix. Action plan for the green belt development

plan in 33 % area i.e. land with not less

than 1,500 trees per ha.Giving details of

species, width of plantation, planning

schedule etc. shall be included. The green

belt shall be around the project boundary

and a scheme for greening of the roads

used for the project shall also be

incorporated

Existing Sugar industry has developed

168500 sq. mtr. as greenbelt area, which

is 33.11 % of total plot area. Existing

GB having tree plantation and species

of herbs and shrubs. Hence, no addition

plantation will be proposed in project.

Photograph of existing green belt area is


2.15 / 2-36

Table 2-24 /

2-36

x. Action plan for rainwater harvesting

measures at plant site shall be submitted to

harvest rainwater from the roof tops and

storm water drains to recharge the ground

water and also to use for the various

activities at the project site to conserve

fresh water and reduce the water

requirement from other sources

There is RWH system at existing Sugar

plant. Water is being collected in RWH

tank and reuse in process.

Rain water will be harvest from the roof

tops and stored in tank, while rain water

through storm water drains of proposed

project area will be collected in water

reservoir for reuse in distillery plant.

2.16 / 2-37

10.7 / 10-20

xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum

for environmental pollution control

measures shall be included

EMS cost

Capital : Rs. 1290 Lacs

Recurring : Rs. 479900 per Month

Table 10-5

& Table

10-6 / 10-24

xii.

Action plan for post-project environmental

monitoring shall be submitted

Post-project environmental monitoring

plan has been prepared considering

project parameters and the same is


6.2 / 6-1

xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and

Man-made) Preparedness and Emergency

Management Plan including Risk

Assessment and damage control. Disaster

management plan should be linked with

District Disaster Management Plan

Onsite and Offsite Disaster

Preparedness and Emergency

Management Plan including Risk

Assessment and damage control have

been prepared and the same is


7.18 / 7-28

xiv. Occupational health

xv. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the

occupational health & safety of all contract

and casual workers

Occupational health & safety plan is

prepared and incorporated in EIA

report. Fund allotted for the same is Rs.

83 Lacs.

7.19 / 7-47

xvi. Details of exposure specific health status

evaluation of worker. If the workers' health

is being evaluated by pre designed format,

chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry,

Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour

vision and any other ocular defect) ECG,

during pre placement and periodical

examinations give the details of the same.

Details regarding last month analyzed data

of above mentioned parameters as per age,

sex, duration of exposure and department

wise.

Health status evaluation of workers is

being conducted every year as per

guideline in existing sugar industry. The

same practice will be conducted for

proposed distillery plant.

--

xvii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety

Hazards. What are the exposure levels of

hazards and whether they are within

Permissible Exposure level (PEL).If these

are not within PEL, what measures the

Health status evaluation of workers is

found well within Permissible Exposure

level (PEL).

--

en-vιsιn


ToR


Section/

Pg. No.

company has adopted to keep them within

PEL so that health of the workers can be

preserved

xviii. Annual report of heath status of workers

with special reference to Occupational

Health and Safety

Health status of workers is being

conducted every year as per guideline in

existing sugar industry. Health record is


Annexure

11 / A-12

8. Corporate Environment Policy

i. Does the company have a well laid down

Environment Policy approved by its Board

of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the

EIA report

The company will prepare Environment

Policy prescribing standard operating

process / procedures to bring into focus

any infringement / deviation / violation

of the environmental norms.

--

ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for

standard operating process / procedures to

bring into focus any infringement /

deviation / violation of the environmental

or forest norms /conditions? If so, it may

be detailed in the EIA

The company will prepare Environment

Policy prescribing standard operating

process / procedures to bring into focus

any infringement / deviation / violation

of the environmental norms.

--

iii. What is the hierarchical system or

Administrative order of the company to

deal with the environmental issues and for

ensuring compliance with the

environmental clearance conditions?

Details of this system may be given

The hierarchical system/Administrative

order of the company is incorporate in

EIA report.

Figure 2-14 /

2-39

iv. Does the company have system of

reporting of non compliances / violations

of environmental norms to the Board of

Directors of the company and / or

shareholders or stakeholders at large? This

reporting mechanism shall be detailed in

the EIA report

Third party consultant is taking care of

compliance with environmental norms

and guides the Board of Directors to do

it.

Reporting system is incorporated in EIA

report.

10.11.1 / 10-

23

9. Details regarding infrastructure facilities

such as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be

provided to the labour force during

construction as well as to the casual

workers including truck drivers during

operation phase.

Sanitation facility and visitor room is

available at existing sugar industry. --

10. Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC)

i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the

project cost) shall be earmarked towards

the Enterprise Social Commitment based

on Public Hearing issues and item-wise

details along with time bound action plan

shall be included. Socio-economic

development activities need to be

elaborated upon

Company will make a provision of Rs.

100.21 Lacs as funds for CER activities

as per OM regarding “Corporate

Environment Responsibility” (CER) no.

22-65/2017 on dated 01/05/2018.

Item-wise details along with time bound

action plan is prepared and it will be

revised based on Public Hearing issues

if required.

8.3.3 / 8-2

11. Any litigation pending against the project

and/or any direction/order passed by any

Court of Law against the project, if so;

details thereof shall also be included. Has

the unit received any notice under the

No litigation is pending against the

proposed project.

Summary of direction/notice under the

Section 5 of Environment (Protection)

--

Annexure 10

/ A-11

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ToR


Section/

Pg. No.

Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act,

1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water

Acts? If so, details thereof and

compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and

present status of the case.

Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air

and Water Acts received in last five

years and their reply/compliance are


12. A tabular chart with index for point wise

compliance of above TOR.

Point wise ToR compliance is

incorporated in EIA report. C-1 to C-11

B. SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA STUDIES FOR DISTILLERIES

1.

List of existing distillery units in the study

area along with their capacity and sourcing

of raw material

No other distillery plant is working

within study area. However Shree

Mahuva Pradesh Sahakari Khand

Udyog Mandli Ltd. – molasses based 35

KLPD distillery plant located at 12.27

km in WSW direction from CCSL.

--

2. Number of working days of the distillery

unit.

Proposed distillery plat will working for

270 days. --

3. Details of raw materials such as

molasses/grains, their source with

availability.

CCSL proposes molasses based 30

KLPD distillery plant.

Molasses is available at existing sugar

plant having capacity of 2500 TCD.

--

4.

Details of the use of steam from the boiler

It is estimated that 105 MTPD steam

will be required for proposed distillery

plant.

--

5. Surface and Ground water quality around

proposed spent wash storage lagoon, and

compost yard.

Ground water sample was collected

near the existing bio-compost yard and

results of the same are incorporated in

EIA report.

Table 3-9 /

3-18

6.

Plan to reduce spent wash generation

within 6-8 KL/KL of alcohol produced.

CCSL proposes molasses based 30

KLPD distillery plant. Spent wash

generation will be 10 KL/KL of alcohol

production. CCSL will try to reduce

spent wash generation up to maximum

extent.

--

7.

Proposed effluent treatment system for

molasses/grain based distillery (spent

wash, spent lees, condensate and utilities)

as well as domestic sewage and scheme for

achieving zero effluent discharge (ZLD).

Spent wash (300 KLD) will be

treated through anaerobic process

followed by evaporator.

Wastewater (159 KLD) to be

generated from proposed utility will

be treated in condensate polishing

unit (CPU) along with condensate

stream of SW (243 KLD) from

evaporator.

Treated water from CPU (384 KLD)

will be reuse in process.

Hence, proposed distillery plant is

Zero Liquid and Zero Spent wash

discharge unit.

2.12.1 / 2-29

8. Proposed action to restrict fresh water

consumption within 10 KL/KL of alcohol

production

Fresh water consumption for proposed

distillery plant will be 205 KLD, which

6.8 KL/KL of RS production.

Table 2-9 /

2-24

9. Details about capacity of spent wash

holding tank, material used, design

consideration. No. of peizometers to be

Spent wash lagoon of capacity 2400 m3

will be provided considering 42 days

storage.

--

en-vιsιn


ToR


Section/

Pg. No.

proposed around spent wash holding tank Two peizometers will be provided, one

located at upstream and second at

downstream of water flow from the SW

lagoon.

10.

Action plan to control ground water

pollution.

At most care will be taken during

handling and treatment of spent wash

lagoon. Although plan to control ground

water pollution is incorporated in EIA

report.

10.8 / 10-21

11. Details of solid waste management

including management of boiler ash, yeast,

etc. Details of incinerated spent wash ash

generation and its disposal

Solid/Hazrdous waste management will

be done as per guideline of

solid/hazardous waste rule – 2016.

Table 2-23/

2-36

10.9 / 10-21

12.

Details of bio-composting yard (if

applicable).

There is bio-composting yard (10 Acre)

at existing sugar industry where the

company produces bio-compost and

used as manure within plant premises as

well as distribute to the member of

society. Detail of bio-compost yard is


2.8.3.3 / 2-

20

13. Action plan to control odour pollution

Action plan to control odour pollution is

incorporated in EIA report. 10.5 / 10-19

14. Arrangements for installation of

continuous online monitoring system (24x7

monitoring device)

Continuous online monitoring system

(24x7 monitoring device) for spent

wash and air emission parameter will be

installed as per guideline.

6.4.1/ 6-4

en-vιsιn

COPER CO-OPERATIVE SUGAR LTD., DADRIYA, VALOD 1-1

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Ethanol is an agriculture based product and also known in several forms - Ethyl Alcohol, Alcohol, Spirit

and Denatured Spirit. It is a globally traded commodity and is used: to fire combustible engines as a

potable drink and consumed in pharmaceutical and chemical industries across the world. Ethanol is made

by two routes: either by synthetic one from petroleum substances or by fermentation from sugar-bearing or

starchy substrates using yeast.

In India ethanol is produced by the fermentation of molasses manufacture. India is the fourth largest

ethanol producer after Brazil, the United States and China. The distilleries located in India are mostly

preferred to use sugarcane molasses as raw material because of its easy and large scale availability. The

process of distillation results in release of large amounts of waste and wastewater, which have a

considerable environmental impact by polluting both water bodies and soil, by causing an adverse climatic

effect as well as odor nuisance. Mostly distilleries plant concentrated in Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh,

Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh.

Obtaining Environmental Clearance before setting up industrial plant as per EIA notification is statutory

requirement. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is carried out as a part of the process to

obtain Environmental Clearance for the proposed waste management facility.

1.1 PURPOSE OF EIA

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is carried out as a part of the process to obtain

Environmental Clearance for the proposed distillery green field project by Coper Co-operative Sugar Ltd.

Proposed project falls under category “A” of activity 5(g) as this project having incineration & landfill as

per EIA Notification dated 14th September, 2006 and its subsequent amendments.

The purpose of the EIA study is to identify and assess the adverse impacts of a project in the planning

stage itself, so that necessary mitigation measures to prevent or minimize these adverse impacts can be

planned early and cost-effectively. EIA report has been prepared in line with ToR letter vide No.IA-J-

11011/142/2019-IA-II (I) dated 12/04/2019 issued by MoEFCC, New Delhi. Further, Technical EIA

Guidance Manual for Distilleries - IL&FS, August, 2010 is also referring to prepare EIA report. ToR letter

is attached as Annexure 1 with EIA report.

1.2 PROJECT PROPONENT

The management of CCSL is presently under the dynamic leadership of Shri Ramanbhai S. Patel

(Chairman); Shri Hasmukhbhai D. Bhakta (Executive Director) and Shri Ajitsingh R. Patil (Managing

Director). All the senior management personnel are well educated and have vast experience of operating

sugar complex. Their experience will be certainly helpful in executing and operating the proposed

distillery plant.

1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT

Coper Co-operative Sugar Ltd. (CCSL) proposing molasses based distillery plant of capacity 30 KLPD on

open plot of existing premises. CCSL is located at Dadariya village of Valod taluka in Tapi district. CCSL

proposes to obtain IEM license from Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt. of India and

Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), New

en-vιsιn


Delhi for proposed distillery plant to manufacture/production of Rectified spirit (Hydrous Alcohol) and

fuel Ethanol. Spent wash will be generated as wastewater from distillery plant. Biogas as co-product will

be generated from biomethanation of spent wash. Mixing of concentrated spent wash, press-mud and

bacterial culture (i.e. cow dung) under controlled condition is produced compost.

1.4 NATURE OF THE PROJECT

CCSL is proposing Greenfield 30 KLPD distillery project within open area of existing premises utilizing

available existing facility. Existing Sugar industry having all facilities like boiler, cooling tower, power

generator, treatment facility etc. required for industrial activities. Propose distillery plant is type of

expansion of existing industrial activities carried out by sugar industry in board term, but as it is separate

entity to be developed along with all pollution control measures.

1.5 DEMAND SUPPLY GAP

India has three major uses of ethanol. Of the total available ethanol, approximately 45 percent is used for

the production of drinking liquor, approximately 40 percent is used in the chemical industry based on

alcohol (as a solvent in the synthesis of other organic chemicals) and the rest is used to mix with petrol and

other purposes. Due to the growth of user industries and the use of ethanol as a fuel in the country, demand

for ethanol has continuously increased. However, ethanol production and availability remained largely

behind. India is the world's fourth largest producer of ethanol after Brazil, the United States of America

(USA) and China, producing approximately 2,000 million liters of ethanol, mainly through the

fermentation of sugarcane molasses. The amount of ethanol currently produced in India, however, is not

enough to meet domestic demand. There was a huge unmet demand from the industrial sector in the year

2008-09, which was met by imports. The world production of ethanol is expected to go up to 150 billion

Liters up to the year 2025.

Sugar industries are required to be expansion in the distillation capacity and storage facilities to achieve

ethanol procurement [Industrial+potable+E10+E10 (D)]1 of 8260 million liter. B-heavy molasses. Supply

of ethanol can be increased to 5300 million liters gradually in the next few years from the existing 2800 –

3000 million liters.

Fuel Ethanol requirement asked to OMCs of Gujarat state for the year 2015 – 16 was 146.4 million liter.

OMCs supplied 19.431 million liter fuel ethanol, which is only 13% of targeted requirement. It shows that

there is huge difference between demand and supply of proposed product i.e. Fuel Ethanol. Based on

OMCs tender for ethanol requirement from Dec. 2017 to Nov. 2018, there is 165.918 million liter ethanol

demanded in Gujarat.

1.5.1 Imports vs. Indigenous production

India has more than 300 distilleries, with a production capacity of about 3.2 billion liters of rectified spirit

per year, almost all of which is produced from sugar molasses, and not from sugar juice, food grains or

other cellulose feed stocks. The government's ethanol policy has led to over 110 distilleries modifying their

plants to include ethanol production with the total ethanol production capacity of 1.3 billion liters per year.

The current ethanol production capacity is enough to meet the estimated ethanol demand for the five

1 CCSL project report (Table 3-12), page – 28

en-vιsιn


percent blending ratio with gasoline. However, for a ten percent ethanol blending program, current ethanol

production capacities will need to be enhanced by expanding the number and capacities of molasses-based

ethanol plants and by setting up sugarcane juice-based ethanol production units. The import of ethanol is

reduced to great extent due to adequate indigenous production of the same.

1.6 NEED OF PROJECT

Ethyl alcohol (Ethanol) can be commonly used as Industrial alcohol for production of downstream

chemicals; Potable alcohol for manufacturing of alcoholic beverages and as Fuel. Ethanol is alternative

fuel used after blend with petrol and also helps to reduce CO emission in air. Ethanol is used as an

automotive fuel by itself and/or can be mixed with gasoline. The most common blends contain 10%

ethanol and 85% ethanol mixed with gasoline.

Further CCEA meeting chaired by PM held on 27.06.2018, procurement of fuel ethanol by public sector

OMCs to carry out the Ethanol blending program. Following rate of fuel ethanol has been fixed for the

season Dec. 18 to Nov.19,

Rs. 59.19 per Litre of fuel ethanol for fuel ethanol derived from 100% sugarcane juice.

Rs. 52.13 per Litre for fuel ethanol derived from B-heavy molasses /partial sugarcane juice.

Looking to the demand –supply gap and advantages of environment friendly fuel CCSL proposed to set up

Rectified Spirit (say ethanol) manufacturing plant at open land of existing sugar industry.

1.7 REGULATORY FRAME WORK

Proposed distillery plant is Green field project as well as Considering the nature and location of the

proposed project, the regulatory framework under various act/rules, regulatory provision for risk, safety &

emergency management is applicable. The major regulatory provisions applicable to the proposed project

are tabulated as under:

Table 1-1 Regulations and concern Authority

Sr.

No. Legal Provision Concern Authority or Board

1 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,

1981 amended 1987 CPCB and GPCB

2 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)

(Union Territories) Rules, 1983 CPCB and GPCB

3 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)

Act, 1974 amended 1988 CPCB and GPCB

4 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)

Rules, 1975 and its subsequent amendments CPCB and GPCB

5 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986,

amended 1991

Ministry of Environment and Forests, & Climate

Change (MoEFCC), CPCB and GPCB

6

Environmental (Protection) Rules, 1986

(Amendments in 1999, 2001, 2002, 2002,

2002, 2003, 2004)

MoEFCC, CPCB and GPCB

7 Hazardous Waste (Management and

Handling) Rules, 2016 MoEFCC, CPCB and GPCB

8 Manufacture Storage and import of Hazardous MoEFCC, Chief controller of imports and

en-vιsιn


Sr.

No. Legal Provision Concern Authority or Board

Chemicals Rules,1989 amended 2000 exports, CPCB, GPCB, Chief inspector of

factories

9 EIA Notification, 2006 and its subsequent

Amendments MoEFCC, CPCB and GPCB

10 Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991

amended 1992 MoEFCC, District Collector

11 Public Liability Insurance Rules, 1991

amended 1993 MoEFCC, District Collector

12 The Factories Act, 1948 Ministry of Labor, DGFASLI and Directorate of

Industrial Safety and Health/ Factories

Inspectorate

13 The Petroleum Act, 1934 Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas

14 The Petroleum Rules,2002

Ministry of Petroleum and

Natural Gas, MoEFCC, Chief Controller of

Explosives, district authority, Commissioner of

Customs, State Maritime Board (Import)

15 The explosive Act, 1884 Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Dept. of

explosive)

16 The explosive Rules, 1883 Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Chief

Controller of Explosives, customs collector,

17 The Gas Cylinder Rules, 2004

Ministry of Commerce and Industry and Chief

Controller of Explosives, customs collector,

DGCA, DC, DM, Police (sub inspector to

commissioner)

18 The Static and Mobile Pressure Vessels

(Unfired) Rules, 1981

Ministry of Commerce and Industry and Chief

Controller of Explosives, port conservator,

customs collector, DGCA, DC, DM, Police (sub

inspector to commissioner)

19 The Motor Vehicle Act, 1988 Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and

Highways

1.7.1 Applicable CPCB’s Guideline

Following guideline published by CPCB and time to time amendment in it was referred partially or whole

to prepare EIA report of proposed distillery plant. It is recommended to project proponent to comply with

it after commissioning of proposed distillery plant.

CPCB guidelines on techno economic feasibility for ZLD of high wastewater generating industry 2015

CPCB circular regarding installation of online monitoring system in Distillery, dated 29.12.16

CPCB guidelines for co-processing of Spent Wash concentrate in cement industry.

CPCB‟s SOP for bio-composting operation for molasses based distillery, dated 10.10. 2018.

GPCB guideline for Cleaner Production in distillery plant

en-vιsιn


1.7.2 Applicability of EIA Notification

Proposed project activities attract the provisions of EIA notifications 2006 (SO – 1533) and as amended

thereafter. Proposed project activities fall under 5(g) – {Distillery} category – A {All Molasses based

distilleries} as per notification. Proponent shall strictly follow the regulatory frame work as mentioned in

Table 1-1 as well as referred mandatory provision time to time impose by regulatory authority.

Public hearing is applicable to proposed project as it is located outside the notified industrial area and will

develop on private land own by co-operative society. Hence, Public hearing shall be conducted by GPCB

as per provision of EIA notification. Issues raised in PH and commitments made by the project proponent

on the same will be included in final EIA/EMP Report and submitted to MoEFCC for EC appraisal.

There is new notification SO 1960(E) dated 13.06.2019 issued by MoEFCC state that Molasses based

distilleries ≤ 100 KLD is treated as category “B” project. ToR letter for the proposed distillery plant has

been issued by MoEFCC as per said amendment. Hence EIA is prepared in line with ToR letter dtd.

12.4.2019.

1.8 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY OF EIA STUDY

EIA study is conducted to incorporate all relevant critical issues related to proposed project. EIA report

incorporate field monitoring of environmental parameter for one season (summer), impact-mitigation and

Environment Management Plan. Project proponent has appointed Envision Enviro Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

(EETPL) - QCI approved environmental consultant and authorized organized to represent the proposed

project to MoEFCC for conducting EIA study for proposed project. QCI Accreditation certificate is

incorporated in chapter – 12 of EIA report.

1.8.1 Baseline Study

Baseline data collection and environmental monitoring was undertaken to gather relevant information from

available sources from the project site and surrounding areas (10 kms radius from PS) during March to

May – 2019. Environmental attributes, frequency of monitoring and scope of the baseline study is

mentioned in Table 1-2

Table 1-2 Scope of Baseline Study

S.

No.

Environme

ntal

Component

Sampling

parameters

Sampling

period

Sampling

Frequency

Sampling

Locations Objective

1 Meteorology Temperature,

Wind Speed,

Wind

Direction,

Precipitation,

Rain fall,

Relative

Humidity,

Cloud Cover

3 months Hourly

Except

Rainfall.

Rainfall

data daily

1 Site specific

meteorological status

of the study was

carried out for

prediction of ground

level concentration in

downwind direction.

2 Ambient Air

Quality

PM10, PM2.5,

SO2, NOx

Twice in

week

for 12

weeks

24 hr 8 Prediction of impacts

on air quality due to

proposed project

activities and

suggestion for

mitigative measures

based on air quality

CO, VOC Once in

Month

8 hr

Total HC – Once in -

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S.

No.

Environme

ntal

Component

Sampling

parameters

Sampling

period

Sampling

Frequency

Sampling

Locations Objective

Methane and

Total HC – Non

Methane

Month models results.

3. Water

Quality

pH, TDS,

temperature and

other Physico-

chemical and

biological

parameters

- Once in a

baseline

period

7 Ground

Water

4 Surface

Water

To established water

quality data with

respect to physico-

chemical, biological

parameters and heavy

metals for assessing

the impact of the

proposed project

activities on water

environment.

4. Noise Leq 24 hourly

composite

Once

during

Study

period

6 To established

baseline status of noise

and it was used in

assessing the impact of

noise of the

surrounding.

5. Soil Soil profile,

Chemical

constituents

Composite

sample

Once

during

Study

period

6 To established

physiochemical

characteristic of soil to

understand soil quality

as well as assessing

the impact of the

proposed project

activities on soil

environment.

6. Ecology and

Bio-

diversity

(EB)

Flora and Fauna

of the study area

- Once

during

Study

period

Study area

(10 km

from PS)

Primary survey of

Flora and fauna

species and established

EB data based on

primary as well as

available secondary

information.

7. Socio-

Economic

aspects

demographic

structure,

provision of

basic amenities,

health status

-- Once

during

Study

period

Study area

(10 km

from PS)

To understand the

socio-economic status

of study area;

perceptions of people

about the impact of

proposed project

activities and suggest

CER plan accordingly.

8. Land use Trend of land

use

change for

different

categories

-- Once

during

Study

period

Study area

(10 km

from PS)

To understand the

existing land use

pattern and changes to

be occurred due to

proposed project

activities.

9. Geology &

Geo-

Hydrology

Ground water

status along

with geological

- Once

during

Study

Study area

(10 km

from PS)

Geological and geo-

hydrological

investigation to know

en-vιsιn


S.

No.

Environme

ntal

Component

Sampling

parameters

Sampling

period

Sampling

Frequency

Sampling

Locations Objective

features of the

study area

period the status of the study

area and it was used in

assessing the impact.

10. Risk and

Hazard

Analysis

Risk due to

proposed

project and its

quantitative/qua

litative analysis

of potential

hazards

- Once

during

Study

period

Plant

premises

and

immediate

surroundin

gs

To evaluate risk,

assess its impact

associated to the

proposed project

activity and plan the

appropriate action to

control risk by the

most economical

means.

1.8.2 Identification of Impact and Mitigation

Analysis of technical information of proposed project and project activities has been done to link it with

the existing environmental status in order to list out the risk to affect environmental parameters. Likely

impacts on such parameters are assessed based on it and accordingly mitigation measures are suggested to

comply with statutory standards.

1.8.3 Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is preparing in such a way so that successful implementation of

suggested mitigative measures will be achieved. The EMP envisages the plans for the proper

implementation of mitigation measures to reduce the adverse impacts arising out of the project activities

during construction and operational activities.

1.8.4 Additional Studies

There is no specific study suggested by EAC in ToR letter. After looking the proposed project scenario risk

assessment has been conducted as additional study after consultation with subject specific expert and FAE.

Detail of the same is incorporate in EIA report.

1.8.5 Structure of EIA Report

EIA report of proposed project has been prepared accordingly generic structure given in Appendix – III of

EIA notification and ToR letter issued by MoEFCC for scrutiny and judging the environmental

compatibility of the proposed project.

en-vιsιn


CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Project description of proposed distillery plant provides us the information on project activities to be

carried out using various resources along with description of type, need, location, size or magnitude of

project operation, technology and other related project activities. Proposal for molasses based 30 KLPD

distillery plant to be installed within existing sugar industry at Dadariya village of Valod taluka in Tapi

district.

2.1 PROJECT PROPONENT

The management of CCSL is presently under the dynamic leadership of Shri Ramanbhai S. Patel

(Chairman); Shri Hasmukhbhai D. Bhakta (Executive Director) and Shri Ajitsingh R. Patil (Managing

Director). All the senior management personnel are well educated and have vast experience of operating

sugar complex. Their experience will be certainly helpful in executing and operating the proposed

distillery plant.

2.2 NEED AND NATURE OF PROJECT

CCSL proposes to set up 30 KLPD molasses based distillery plant to produce Rectified Spirit (RS) and

Fuel Ethanol on open land of existing sugar industry utilizing available facility. Propose distillery plant is

type of expansion of existing industrial activities carried out by sugar industry in board term, but as it is

separate entity to be developed along with all pollution control measures.

Existing sugar industry has 2500 TCD sugarcane crushing capacity and valid consent to operate vide no.

AWH – 98953 dated 24.01.2019, valid up to 19.12.2023. Unit is complying with conditions mentioned in

CC&A and the same is attached as Annexure 2 as well as complying with CREP guideline. Sugar industry

having all facilities like boiler, cooling tower, power generator, treatment facility etc. required for

industrial activities.

There are approx. eight co-operative distilleries and sugar plants, two stand alone distilleries in Gujarat,

having 340 KLPD productions in totally. Oil Marketing companies (OMCs) of Gujarat state asked to

supply 146.4 million liter. Fuel Ethanol in the year 2015 – 16, against it OMCs supplied 19.431 million

liter fuel ethanol, which is only 13% of targeted requirement. It shows that there is huge demand and

supply gap for Fuel Ethanol.

Fuel ethanol (renewable source of energy) has a great future as it is worldwide acceptable eco friendly

alternative fuel, helps to reduce CO emission in air and maintaining the carbon cycle of nature. Worldwide

fuel ethanol production in the year 2012 was approx. 82683 million liter. This is 108505 million liter in the

year 2018 and expected to increase 150 billion Liters. In the year 2025, 31755 million liter ethanol was

supplied by Asia, which is 29% of total production of 2018. The demand of rectified spirit (a pre-from of

ethanol) has shifted from domestic sugar mills to overseas markets including the United States and Brazil

as its landed cost on Indian ports works out to nearly 25% cheaper.

Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has imposed 5% mandatory ethanol blending with petrol

in 22.11.2012. Accordingly, a Gazette Notification was issued directing OMCs to sell ethanol blended

Petrol with percentage of ethanol up to 10% as per BIS specification to achieve 5% ethanol blending

across the country as a whole. The national bio-fuel policy, approved by the Government of India, has

plans for 20% ethanol blending programme by 2017 from the current mandated 5% blending & recently

increased to 10%, to reduce India‟s dependence on fossil fuel imports.

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Set up of cane molasses based distillery plant for production of ethyl alcohol within existing premises of

sugar factory will have following additional advantages,

Basic raw materials (molasses and Bagasse) and other infrastructure facilities are readily available.

Common facilities like water supply; workshop; storage area; treatment area; utility, adequate open

land for development of distillery plant etc. are readily available

Easy of control over both sugar and distillery plant by one and experience management

Looking to the demand–supply gap, Govt. policy, national and international scenario of ethanol

production/requirement, advantages of environment friendly fuel as well as techno-economic

viability/feasibility project report, management of CCSL has decided to involve in manufacturing of

Rectified Spirit (say fuel ethanol). The proposed distillery plant will contributing to fulfill the alcohol and

fuel ethanol requirement of Gujarat and neighboring states.

2.3 PROJECT LOCATION

Proposed distillery plant is located at Dadariya village (20°59'37.95"N Latitude and 73°17'57.48"E

longitude). Map showing project location is depicted as Figure 2-1; Google image showing project site is

depicted as Figure 2-2 and Project site and it‟s surrounding is depicted as Figure 2-3

Figure 2-1: Location Map

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Figure 2-2: Google Image showing Project Site and surrounding

Figure 2-3: Distillery Plant in Existing Sugar Factory

GPS coordinates of distillery plant

Identification Latitude Longitude

20°59'37.95"N 73°17'57.48"E

1 20°59'38.84"N 73°17'54.39"E

2 20°59'38.02"N 73°17'55.92"E

3 20°59'36.48"N 73°17'55.92"E

4 20°59'35.56"N 73°17'58.19"E

5 20°59'39.35"N 73°17'59.72"E

6 20°59'40.56"N 73°17'56.86"E

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Photograph 2-1 Project Site Photograph

2.3.1 Layout Plan

As mentioned in earlier section proposed distillery plant to be developed in existing sugar factory. Layout

plan showing location of proposed distillery plant within sugar factory along with existing greenbelt area,

internal road, treatment and storage facility etc. is depicted as Figure 2-4 and layout plan showing

component of distillery is depicted as Figure 2-5. Layout plan of sugar factory and proposed distillery

plant is attached as Annexure 3 and Annexure 4 respectively. Topographic map showing geological

features of study area is depicted as Figure 2-6.

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Figure 2-4: Layout Plan of Existing Sugar Factory

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Figure 2-5: Layout Plan of Proposed Distillery Plant

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Figure 2-6: Topography Map with PS and Study area

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2.4 PROJECT SITE HISTORY

Coper Co-operative Sugar Ltd. is located at Dadariya. Tal: Valod was established in 16th December 1997

as a co-operative Mandali vide registration no. Se-38433-2009, industrial license No.2485/SIA/IMO/2009.

Since 1997 CCSL was engaged in the manufacturing sugar with installed cane crushing capacity of 2500

MT/ Day. Project area occupied by the company was used for industrial activities. Project site history with

respect to various attributes is prepared based on site visit done by EIA team and used CGWB report for

Tapi district as secondary source and mentioned in following table.

Table 2-1 Project Site Description

S.

No

Sensitive

Receptor Distance and Direction w.r.t. Project Site

1 Topography Proposed project site and existing sugar industry and 10 km radial area is

cover under topo-sheet no. F46 G/4; F46 G/8; F46 H/1 & F46 H/5 issued by

Survey of India. The entire project area is almost flat. Maximum elevation

above Means Sea Level of Dadariya village is 55 meter.

2 Seismic zone

Proposed project site and existing sugar industry is fall under seismic zone –

III which is moderate. Engineering design will be prepared considering

moderate zone.

3 Drainage Pattern Project site is surrounded by four rivers. Purna is major river located SSW

direction of the project site. Drainage pattern of the PS is towards the west

direction.

4 Flood Scenario Maximum rainfall (2864 mm) was recorded in 2005 and there is no flood

history at project site in last decade.

2.4.1 Environmental Sensitive Receptor

During the project site visit it is observed that existing sugar industry is surrounded with greenbelt area as

well as agriculture farm own by CCSL. Boiler stacks, handling of Bagasse and use of Bagasse as fuel is

main source of PM emission. Following receptors are identified on which possibility of impact due to

proposed project,

Table 2-2 Environment Sensitive Receptor

S.

No Sensitive Receptor Distance and Direction w.r.t. PS

A Social Infrastructure

Habitation Dadariya village (Population – 2128 nos.) at 1.0 km in SSE direction.

Dense Populated area Bhuhari village (Population – 5905 nos.) at 2.97 km in SSE direction.

Local Market At Bhuhari village

Primary School Primary School Dadariya Village at 1.00 km in SSE direction.

B Environmental

Agriculture Land Surrounded by sugar cane farm owned by CCSL

River Purna river at 1.12 km at SSW direction

Reserve Forest Near Moti Kanjan and Nani Kanjan village at 6.82 km in NE direction

C Critical habitat area/

National Park/

Sanctuary/ Historical

Places/ Monuments

Non within 10 km radius of the project site.

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2.5 SALIENT FEATURES

There is no defense installation; critically polluted area, protected area notified under the Wild Life

(Protection) Act (1972) & Eco-sensitive area notified under Section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act-

1986 located within 10 km radius of the project site as per topo-sheet obtained from Survey of India (SOI)

and available secondary data. Salient features including key infrastructure i.e. State/National Highway,

railway lines etc and Environmental settings like river, water bodies, forest, monuments, and heritage

places around the project site is mentioned in Table 2-3.

Table 2-3 Infrastructure and Environmental Setting around the PS

No. Infrastructure Feature

Distance From

Project Site

(km)

Direction

1 National High Way (NH – 6) 12.43 NNE

2

State High Way (SH – 5) 0.28 West

State High Way (SH – 176) 5.39 North

State High Way (SH – 171) 6.14 East

3 Railway Station (Navsari) 36.69 West

4 Airport (Surat) 59.21 WNW

5 River

Purna River 1.12 SSW

Chhimpan Nadi 2.14 SE

Jhankhari river 4.19 North

Olan river 7.24 SSE

Canal

Ukai Left Canal 2.51 East

6 Sea (Dandi Beach) 53.66 WSW

7

Nearest Village - Dadariya 1

(Population –

2128 nos.)

SSE

8

Nearest Densely populated or built-up area –

Bhuhari village

2.97

(Population –

5905 nos.)

SSE

9 City (Bardoli) 23.90 NW

10 Any Heritage site within 10 km area None -

11 Project site falls in Critically & Moderate pollution

area None -

12 State, National boundaries None -

13 List industries within 10 km area

Hill Limited 0.59 WNW

14 Reserved Forest (RF)

RF near Moti Kanjan and Nani Kanjan village 6.82 NE

RF near Boria village 9.62 NW

RF near Ambia village 9.87 East

15 National Park; Sanctuary; Forest, bird sanctuary,

Eco sensitive area, archaeological area etc.

Non within 10 km radius of the

project site.

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No. Infrastructure Feature

Distance From

Project Site

(km)

Direction

16

Is there any history of Natural Calamities

(Earthquake, Flood & land slide, cyclone, etc.) in

last decade


project site.

17

Location of areas which are important or sensitive

for ecological reasons - Wetlands, biospheres,

mountains


project site.

18 National Park/ Sanctuary/Eco sensitive zone

Purna Wild Life Sanctuary 14.80 km in West direction

Waghai Botanical Garden 25.70 km in SE direction

Vansada National Park 32.00 km in SE direction

19 Ukai Dam 42.00 km in NNE direction

2.6 MAGNITUDE OF PROJECT

Proposed molasses based distillery will manufacture various products like Rectified Spirit/Anhydrous

Alcohol within the sugar industry. Molasses based distillery plant will working on fed batch/continue

fermentation process and multi pressure distillation with integrated evaporation system to produce

following products. List of co-product of proposed distillery plant considering 270 working days and 24

working hours are mentioned Table 2-4

Table 2-4 Proposed Product

Sr.

No Product Name

Production

Capacity

Production

/ Annum*

End Use of

product Remarks

A Products

1

Rectified Spirit

(RS) Or

30 KLPD 81.00

Lac Liter.

Industrial use Conforming to ISI

Grade-I, 323 (1959)

Fuel Ethanol Or 28.57

KLPD

76.95

Lac Liter.

Blending with

petrol/Industrial

use

Conforming to IS –

321 (1964)

Anhydrous

Alcohol

28.59

KLPD

77.19

Lac Liter.

Pharma Alcohol/

Industrial

Alcohols

Pure Alcohol for

industrial use

2 Head Spirit

(Impure Spirit)

1.5 KLPD

4.05

Lac Liter.

Industrial use as

fuel

Conforming to ISI

Grade-II, 323

(1959)

3 Fusel Oil 0.086

KLPD

23.22 KL Industrial use as

fuel

0.3% of Alcohol

production

B Co-products

1 Bio Gas 12000

m3/day

3240000

m3/Annum

-- Captive

consumption in

boiler as a fuel.

C Cogeneration

Power Plant

1 MW - -- Captive

consumption of

power within

distillery plant.

* Annum means production during 270 working days

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2.7 MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Proposed distillery plant is to be based on continue fermentation; multi-pressure vacuum and integrated

evaporation using molasses as a raw material. The continuous fermentation process involves addition of

fresh nutrient medium either continuously or intermittent withdrawal of portion of nutrient for recovery of

fermentation products. Manufacturing process of proposed products as mentioned in Table 2-4 is described

in following respective section.

2.7.1 Rectified Spirit

Multi pressure distillation system for production of Rectified Spirit consists of distillation columns namely

1. Degasifying cum analyzer column

2. Extractive Distillation column

3. Rectification Column

4. Fusel Oil Concentration column

Fermented wash is preheated in pre-heater and fed at the top of the Analyzer column, Analyzer column is

fitted with thermosyphone re-boiler. Top vapors of analyzer column are sent to extractive distillation

column. Rest of the fermented wash flows down and is taken as spent wash from analyzer column bottom.

Extractive column bottom liquid is preheated with spent-lees and fed to rectifier cum exhaust column. Low

boiling impurities are concentrated in the extractive distillation column. A top draw is taken out as impure

alcohol from the top of the extractive distillation column. The bottom of extractive distillation column is

sent to rectifier feed tank. Rectifier exhaust is operated under pressure and heats analyzer column through

reboiler. Alcohol is enriched towards the top and is drawn out as Rectified spirit. Fusel oil build-up is

avoided in the Rectifier column by withdrawing outside streams of fusel oil. These are sent to fusel oil

concentration column from where the fusel oil is sent to decanter for further separation. The fusel oil wash

water is recycled back to the column. A top draw is taken out as impure alcohol from the top of fusel oil

column & extractive distillation column.

Benefits of Pressure Multi pressure Distillation:

Following are the advantages of pressure vacuum distillation.

Since the analyzer column operates under vacuum, the formation of by- products such as acetyl

may minimize there by improvement in quality of alcohol.

The chances of scaling due to invert solubility of certain precipitating inorganic salts are

minimized in vacuum distillation.

Vacuum distillation requires low steam consumption with re-boiler i.e. 2.2 Kg/lit. of Recited Spirit

2.7.2 Head Spirit

It is either continuously or intermittent withdrawal of portion of nutrient for recovery of fermentation

products.

2.7.3 Fuel Ethanol

The continuous fermentation process proposed to manufacture of fuel ethanol is the latest and proven

technology as compared to the old batch fermentation technology. It has many advantages like continuity

of operation, higher efficiency and ease of operation. Continuous fermentation also results into consistent

performance over a long period as compared to batch fermentation.

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Process description

Molasses after weighing is diluted and also pre-treated to an appropriate sugar concentration while

pumping through molasses broth mixer into the fermenter. The partial pre-treatment of molasses is

required to reduce scaling of the equipment due to the sludge present in the molasses, which is

separated out very easily in this pre-treatment.

The fermenters are then inoculated with culture developed in the culture vessels. This culturing with

suitable yeast is carried out only during the start-up of the plant. The culture thus developed maintains

itself in fermenters on a continuous basis.

Continuous yeast growth in yeast vessel YV03 by adding pasteurized molasses and recycling partly,

the yeast separated in yeast separator after acidification and activation treatment, which helps to avoid

contamination and maintain consistency in operation.

To help the fermentation sustain, the nitrogen is added in the medium in the form of Urea and DAP as

required. Temperature in the fermenters is maintained to an optimum level as required for efficient

reaction with the help of plate heat exchanger and recirculation pumping system. This recirculation

also helps in proper mixing of fermented wash. The retention time for the reaction is about 22 to 24

hours. Air blower is provided to supply the necessary oxygen required for the yeast and also for

agitation.

This fermentation technology use genetically marked high osmo-tolerant yeast strain.

The system optimized the cooling system to maintain fermented broth temperature to 30 0C, which

results in improve yeast cell mass activity.

The technology incorporated yeast recycle, which maintain high yeast concentration and reduced

fermentation time result in lower fermenter volume, saving in capital and operating cost.

After completion of reaction the fermented wash is delivered to yeast separation centrifugal machine

to separate the yeast cream. The technology incorporates yeast acidification and activation, which

ensure the yeast, recycle in continuous propagation vessel & fermenter is bacteria free and ensures no

contamination.

In Wash Settling Clarifier, settable solids settle down. The supernatant goes to clarified wash tank

(CWT) and sludge from bottom goes to sludge tank.

The fermented wash collected in the clarified wash tank is then pumped to stripping column for

distillation.

The CO2, which is liberated, is scrubbed in water, with the help of CO2 scrubber.

This CO2 contains ethanol, which is recovered by collecting CO2 Scrubber water into sludge

decantation.

The technology incorporated sludge decantation system, which consists of specially designed lamella

separator as against conventional, designed to settle the sludge. The

Settled sludge after dilution, from CO2 scrubber water passes through the decanter. This ensures the

clarified wash going to distillation is free from sludge, which results in clean distillation column, re-

boiler tubes and integrated spent wash evaporator tubes. This also helps to maintain consistency in

operation and avoid losses due to stoppages. Alternatively, the technology also offers pre-clarification

of molasses for high sludge/VFA content in molasses.

A closed loop cooling tower system with an induced draft-cooling tower with circulation pumps is

also provided to ensure higher cooling efficiency and to minimize water wastages.

The system incorporated mechanical ejector in place of air sparger, which results in increase the

dissolved oxygen level, facilitate better contact between yeast and fermentable sugar avoid

hydraulically dead zones, increase yeast cell mass activity for high efficiency & better yield.

The technology achieved 8-9% v/v alcohol percentage in fermented wash.

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2.7.4 Fusel Oil

Fusel oil stream is generated in rectifier column, which is withdrawal on regular interval. The stream is

then sent to concentration column followed by decanter for further separation. Fusel oil wash water is

recycled back to the column.

Figure 2-7: RS Manufacturing Process Diagram

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Figure 2-8: Material Balance for RS Manufacture

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2.8 BIOGAS PRODUCTION

Spent wash is waste stream to be generated from distillery plant. Spent wash is colored stream having high

BOD; COD; TS and volatile solids, although pH is low. Due to biomethanation of spent wash, biogas will

be generated, which will be used either in boilers as fuel or in turbine for power generation. It ultimately

reduces use of Bagasse. Concentrated spent wash after biomethanation, will be used at bio-composting

yard.

2.8.1 Anaerobic Digestion Process

In recent years, due to escalation of energy costs and environmental concerns have increased the interest in

direct anaerobic treatment of distillery spent wash. The anaerobic method of waste treatment offers under

the present circumstances a number of significant advantages with little serious or insuperable drawbacks

over other treatment methods.

Benefits Limitations

Low production of waste biological solids Relatively long periods of time are required to start up the

process.

Low nutrient requirements It is a pre-treatment method. The treated effluent BOD

will be in the range of 5000- 8000 PPM and hence an

adequate post- treatment is usually required before the

effluent can be discharged into receiving water.

Production of methane as an Energy

Very high loading rates can be achieved

Active-anaerobic sludge can be preserved

unified for many months.

For Bio-gas, plant approximately 3000 – 4500 m2 of land and 65 to 70 HP power is required. Normally,

phosphoric acid, urea, lime etc. are required to maintain desired N & P ratio in biodegradation of organic

matter, will respect to COD and neutralization during startup of the process.

The biochemistry and microbiology of anaerobic processes is much more complicated than that of aerobic

ones. Temperature, Nutrients and Toxic substances are main environmental factors of primary importance

to anaerobic processes. Basically, the anaerobic degradation is performed by Acid producing bacteria

[Acid forming bacteria (butyric & propionic acid) Acetogenic bacteria (acetic acid & hydrogen)]

and Methane producing bacteria [Acetoacetic methane bacteria (acetophilic) Methane bacteria

(hydrogenophilic)]

The anaerobic metabolism of a complex substrate, including suspended organic matter, can be regarded as

a three-step process:

Step 1- Hydrolysis of suspended organic and soluble organic of high molecular weight.

Step 2- Degradation of small organic molecules to various volatile fatty acids, ultimately acetic acid.

Step 3- Production of methane, primarily from acetic acid but also from hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

Acid production results in formation of acetic acid or in case of instability, the higher fatty acids such as

propionic, butyric, isobutyric, valeric and iso-valeric acid. In a stable anaerobic process the concentration

of fatty acids is fairly low (0.1 – 0.3 Kg HAC/M3). Increased concentrations are indications of load

variations or a process operating near its maximum load (with a minimum safety factor). During start-up of

the anaerobic process the volatile acid concentration should be kept reasonably low (1-1.5 Kg HAC/M3)

and can be used to control the slow loading increase allowed. The hydrogen partial pressure (or redox

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potential) regulates the production of the various acids. For digesters, operating at very short solids

retention time the concentration of propionic acid and hydrogen is increased. The use of propionic acid as

an indicator of instability has been generally accepted process control parameter all through not used much

in practice.

The acid production rate is high as compared to the methane production rate, which means that a sudden

increase in easily degradable (soluble) organic will result in increased acid production with subsequent

accumulation of the acids. This might inhibit the next step of the process the methane step. Parallel to the

acid production ammonia is released by the degradation of proteins and amino acids. The ammonia

concentrations thus established would generally not be of a magnitude that will inhibit the anaerobic

process but nitrogen rich wastes, treated in highly loaded processes, ammonia inhibition could occur.

Methane production is a slow process, in general the rate-limiting step of anaerobic degradation. Methane

is produced from acetic acid or from hydrogen and carbon dioxide. About one third of the methane has its

origin in molecular hydrogen. Small amounts of methane can be produced from methane and formic acid,

but these reactions have little practical importance. Fig. 2 depicts the main processes performed by

methane producing bacteria.

The bacteria producing methane from hydrogen and carbon dioxide are fast growing ones as compared

with the acetic acid utilizing bacteria.

2.8.1.1 Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Process

The Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket process (UASB) operates entirely as a suspended growth system

and consequently utilizes no packing material. The reactor is initially sealed with any digester sludge and

then fed in the up-flow mode. Above the sludge, bed is a blanket zone of growth. A submerged gas

collector removes the gas bubbles produced. In the region around and above the gas separator, solid/liquid

separation takes place. Sometimes, due to prevailing operational conditions, the sludge blanket may blow

up and thereby resulting increase in SS of effluent. Thus, it needs skilled operation. The UASB reactor can

retain very high concentration of biomass and can operate at very high space loading (5-15 Kg COD / m3

/day). Full-scale sludge blanket reactors present delicate hydraulic problems in order to ensure an even

flow distribution and avoid influence by pass.

2.8.2 Technical Specifications for Biogas Plant

Sr.

No. Particulars Specification

1 Digester with assembly Quantity: 1 digester

COD loading Rate- 3 to 3.5 Kg/Cu.M/day

Material: MS

Sampling ports shall be provided at every 2 m. height. The gas

zone of dome & 1m below liquid level is to be sand blasted &

epoxy coated & surface in liquid to be sand blasted & epoxy

anticorrosive painted.

2 Central Agitator

(Shaft and impeller in SS)

One per digester, motor flame proof- Suitable HP

3 Lateral Agitator

(Shaft & impeller in SS)

3 to 4 per digester, suitable HP each

4 Gas holder (1No.) MOC: MS with polyurethane coating inside and synthetic

enamel paint outside with pressure/vacuum relief valve.

Minimum holding capacity: 300 m3

Plate thickness: Shell/top – 8/8 mm.

Basin: R.C.C. as per standards.

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Sr.

No. Particulars Specification

5 Degasifying pond One per digester MS Sand blasting & epoxy painted 8 mm thick

6 Lamella clarifier, shell and

hopper

One per digester contact part in SS only

7 Lamella clarifier pack SS each for a lamella clarifier.

8 Equalization or buffer tank

(One day holding tank)

Masonry/brick work with impervious one using PVC lining (250

micron) and sulphate resistant cement shall be used. Since the

spent wash is highly acidic; the corrosive resistant epoxy

coatings shall be used.

9 Neutralization agent storage

tank

A suitable capacity (1/2 day equivalent of quantity required for

neutralizing agent) MS with suitable coating/RCC tank shall be

provided. The neutralizing agent of suitable concentration will

be stored in this tank. It will be provided with dosing pump,

agitator so that the pump will be actuated to release the

neutralizing solution for maintaining constant pH of influent to

biodigester.

10 Gas Flare & Equipment SS 304 burner with spark ignition facility.

11 Pressure vacuum release

device

SS 304, ON EACH DIGESTER

12 Spent wash Transfer pumps

(1+1) with valves & flow

measuring device for line

going to each digester

PUMPS: TYPE: Centrifugal non-clog type of required head and

flow as per the need of plant.

MOC of content part: SS 316 Make: KSB/Kirloskar/Aakay

MOTOR: 3 Phase, 440 V, RPM 1440 enclosure: TEFC

Make: Crompton/Siemens, suitable for pump at Sr. No.3.

13 Sludge recycling pumps

(2+1)

SS 316, one for a digester & one stand by

14 Biogas blowers (1+1)

MOC of impeller & contact parts : SS 316/SS 2205.

Twin-lobe type with flame proof motors of Crompton/ Siemens

make

15 Interconnecting piping For spent wash SS Schedule 10, for treated spent wash & for gas

HDPE 6 kg/cm2

16 Cooling Tower with pumps

(1+1) piping

Suitable capacity to reduce temperature from 850C to 370C,

Paharpur make or as specified by factory.

17 Heat exchanger for cooling

of spent wash from 850C to

370C

Type - PHE, Specify HTA

MOC - SS 316 / SS 2205

Make - Alfa-Laval /Ecoflex Gea/Dover

18 Safety Devices

Various devices to protect the plant and safety of human being

shall be flame arresters, sediment/moisture traps, high level/low

level of pressure alarms for biogas control shall be provided as per

the norms of safety and to be approved by Safety/Factory

Inspector.

Biogas pipeline (HDPE, 6 kg/cm2) with necessary supports from outlet of gas blower/ compressors

to the boiler shall be provided as per requirement by project proponent.

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2.8.3 Bio-composting

Composting is a biological process in which organic matter is degraded under controlled conditions. It

involves microbial mineralization. The degradation gets completed in 45 days and can be divided in

to two stages,

1. About 40 days of Aerobic windrow composting and

2. About 5 days for curing in aerobic way in heaps

In the secondary evaporation system, the 12 % solids containing spent wash will be further

concentrated to 30 % solids. The mixing of the said spent wash with press-mud (50-70% moisture

and 2.5 to 3:1 proportion) is being carried out in trenches with the help of excavator- cum –loader

for mixing, turning, loading and unloading of compost material. Addition of cow dung will

provide bacterial culture required for composting. It is observed that in the first five days, fungal

activity is predominant and in subsequent days bacterial activity continues until stabilization of

organic matter into humus is accomplished.

2.8.3.1 Composting Process

Active stage when the maturation is initiated and rise in temperature which consists of first

two weeks which follows after formation of the windrows and mixing of biodegrading culture.

Maturation stage includes 2 weeks period when the temperature is maintained and the next 10

days period when the temperature starts to decline.

Curing or ripening stage allows the compost to age for four weeks until the moisture of

compost stabilizes at 30 to 35 percent.

Press mud and other filler materials (bagacillo, ash) shall be formed in windrow of size: 3.5 m width

x 1.5 m height. Windrow has to be straight, have a correct size and distance between two

windrows is 3 meter.

Using Biodegrading Culture/Inoculums: After running the machine for a day, biodegrading culture is

sprayed. It acts both as an odor reducing agent and an activator to enhance the process of raising the

temperature. Normally for every ton of press mud, 0.5 kg of culture is used. It is diluted 100 times with

effluent and sprayed on the windrows spreading over 3 days for effective results (in the 3rd

, 5th & 10

th

day). Immediately after the application of inoculums, windrows shall be aerated with mixing machine

to spread the inoculums uniformly to all parts of windrow.

Aeration: Normally mixing machine is used for mixing up the content of windrow, loosen the same

and create a situation congenial for natural aeration. When the moisture content reduces below 40%, an

addition of effluent shall restore it to 65%. If the press mud is wet (more than 70% moisture), there is

lower supply of oxygen. Moisture content shall be brought down to about 40% by giving proper

aeration. Microorganisms make use of nitrogen and carbon for their metabolic activities. The energy

required for this process is derived by aerobic decomposition. Aeration is given to raise the compost

temperature and establish an aerobic condition. The temperature shall be 60-65 C in the windrow.

Continuous spraying and aeration is done till the completion of composting cycle.

Effluent Spraying is done before aeration and quantity of effluent applied is strictly controlled so that

the windrows always have moisture content which is optimum for aerobic composting.

Merging of Windrows: Once the lumps are broken by the mixing machine and loosened, the material

gets compacted and the windrow height gets reduced due to proper degradation of organic matter with

proper aeration. After about 15 days of operation, the windrow height may reduce to about 0.5 M. At

this point, it is required to merge the two windrows in to one and continue the further processing.

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Curing in heaps: After completing the spraying, aeration to windrow for 2 to 3 days is done without

spraying effluent. After reduction in the moisture to about 30 to 35%, heap the compost in the corner

to a height of about 2 meter to have an anaerobic process for about two weeks and also to make space

free for fresh windrow formation.

A distinctive black loamy, free flowing and baggable compost (easy to handle and transport) which

has a pleasant earthy smell with moisture content of 30 to 35 % is produced. The process has no odour

or fly nuisance as well as product is entirely free from any repulsive odour. Hence, Zero pollution.

2.8.3.2 Compliance with CPCB Guidelines

For Bio-Composting Plants CPCB has formulated following guideline, which is already comply by CCSL

and will continue after commissioning of distillery plant.

Sr.

No Description C.P.C.B. Requirement

Compliance -

Actual Design

and Provisions

1. Working days of Distillery

270 days

(rainy season shall be

avoided and the entire

compost area shall be

kept dry before starting of

the rainy period)

270 days

2.

Spent wash storage tank capacity (duly lined with

250-micron HDPE sheet and pitched by stone/bricks

with cement mortar to prevent leachate).

30 days of generation 30 days

3. Spent wash: press mud ratio for composting* 2.5: 1/3.5:1 3.5:1

4. No. of days required to complete one composting

operation cycle 45days/60 days 60 days

5.

Land required for compost plant

Specification of floor of compost yard should be as

under (with arrangement of leachate collection and

surface runoff and its pumping to holding lagoon and

laying of pipe net work for automatic spraying of

spent wash)

I. Compaction of soil 5 cm sand cushion (top)

II. 250 micron HDPE sheet (as per BIS

Specification)

III. 5 CM local sand cushion (bottom)

IV. Brick/stone soling (not less than 6 cm in case of

bricks & 3 cm in case of stone soling)

In case the coefficient of permeability is less than 10-

8 cm/sec (as in black cotton soil), 30 cm depth of

impervious soil, compacted with 30 cm depth of

murum at the top may also be used.

850 MT/acre/cycle 253

MT/acre/cycle

6. Maximum allowable cycle/annum

Five cycles in case of 45

days composting period 4 Cycles

Four Cycles in case of 60

days composting period

7.

Press mud storage on compost site during monsoon

season after taking due care for protection by using

HDPE sheets etc.

Equivalent to one cycle Nil

8. Land required for storage of ready compost. It should be raised 12

inch above ground level Complied

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Sr.

No Description C.P.C.B. Requirement

Compliance -

Actual Design

and Provisions

and quantity equivalent to

33% of the total compost

should be stored

9. Compost quality specification

Moisture: < 35%

Organic Carbon: -20-25

%

Complied

* Recent guidelines for spent wash to PMC ratio for composting is 1:1

2.8.3.3 Existing Bio-compost Yard

There is bio-composting yard (10 Acre) at existing sugar industry where the company produces bio-

compost. It is estimated that approx. 12700 MT of Press Mud (PM) is available from existing sugar

industry during crushing season, which is being mixing with bagacillo and converted in to bio-compost. It

is used as manure within plant premises as well as to distribute to the member of society. Based on CC&A

issued by GPCB, 2700 MTPM composting is produced in bio-compost yard, which will increase by 480

MTPM after proposed distillery plant. Open land near the yard is available to storage additional quantity of

compost.

Photograph 2-2 Existing Bio-compost Yard

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2.9 RAW MATERIAL

The raw materials will be acquired/purchased from nearby area. List of raw material required is

mentioned in following table and it will packed in Polythene bags, M.S. tank, HDPE/fibre drums,

Carbouys, etc.

Table 2-5 Raw Material Requirement

No

Name of

Product/

Co-Product

Raw Material Requirement Raw material storage with

capacity Name Quantity Unit

1 Distillery

Molasses 111.11 MTPD 2 nos. of MS storage tanks, each

capacity 4000 MT

Molasses require

for 270 days/A

30000 MTPA -

Molasses from

CCSL Sugar Mill

21000 MTPA -

Molasses from

outside Sugar Mill

9000* MTPA -

Nutrient 0.03 MTPD HDPE bags – 50 kg.

TRO 0.24 MTPD HDPE drums – 150 Ltr.

H2SO4 0.09 MTPD HDPE drums – 50 Ltr.

2 Bio Gas

Spent wash for bio-

methanation

300 KLD -

Urea 0.1500 MTPD HDPE bags – 50 kg.

Lime 13.5000 MTPD HDPE bags – 50 kg.

3 Bio-

compost

Culture 0.0857 MTPD HDPE bags – 50 kg.

Concentrated bio-

methanated SW

57 KLD One impervious lagoon in nature

for 42 days storage

*For supply of additional molasses, project proponent has identified the industry and received the letter for

availability of molasses, which will be required in proposed distillery plant. Copy of the letter is attached as

Annexure 13.

2.9.1 Transportation of RM

Transportation for raw material will not be envisaged in huge numbers as major RM i.e. molasses is

available within existing sugar industry and through pipeline it will taken to proposed distillery plant.

Nutrient and other chemicals will be procured from local market and existing road network will be used for

transportation.

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2.10 RESOURCE REQUIREMENT

Other than raw materials water, power, steam etc. will be required for operation of proposed distillery plant

and the same are described in respective sections as under.

2.10.1 Investment

CCSL is estimates Rs. 5010.57 Lacs for proposed distillery project cost, which is include land, plant

machinery, construction etc. Project cost bifurcation is mentioned in Table 2-6 below.

Table 2-6: Project Cost

No. Particulars Amount

(Rs. Lac)

1 Land Development 17.50

2 Building/Civil and Structural works 1158.00

3 Plant & Machinery 2020.89

4 Misc. Fixed Assets (piping, office furniture and accessories) 83.50

5 Pre operative and preliminary expenses 294.25

5 Contingency 89.73

6 Margin Money For WC 56.70

7 Environmental Protection Measures 1290.00

TOTAL 5010.57

Note: Company will make a provision of Rs. 100.21 Lacs as funds for CER activities as per OM regarding

“Corporate Environment Responsibility” (CER) no. 22-65/2017 on dated 01/05/2018. New project have to

contribute 2 % of the additional capital investment towards CER.

2.10.2 Land

Sugar industry is located at S no. : 574, 575, 576, 579, 580, 583, 164 – 174, 179, 180; at post Golan -

Dadariya, Tal. – Valod, Dist. – Tapi (394630), Gujarat. Proposed distillery plant is developed on open land

of S No. 170 as well as open area available at sugar industry. Project land is already in possession with

project proponent since 1997. A Land document is attached as Annexure 5 Project site land will be used

for industrial purpose only. There is residential colony at sugar industry; hence new residential

development will not be required for distillery plant.

Land use of proposed project site is build up area of industrial building, storage facility, roads, greenbelt,

open land etc. and its break-up is as under. Layout plan of proposed distillery plant is attached as

Annexure 4. And details of land bifurcation is shown in Table 2-7.

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Table 2-7: Land Bifurcation

Sr.

no. Particulars

Area

(Sq. m)

A Proposed Distillery Plant

I Plant Facility

1 Spent wash lagoon 600.00

2 Fermentation 900.00

3 MCC room & Lab. 144.00

4 Distillation & FA section 249.60

5 RS/IS & FA receiver section 471.00

6 RS/IS & FA storage section 809.60

7 Integrated Evaporator 218.40

8 Soft and process water tank 300.00

9 water treatment plant 300.00

10 admin office 565.80

11 FA bulk storage area 4278.75

12 condensate polish unit 1880.00

13 degasser section 30.00

14 Chemical and maintenance room 50.00

15 Denaturant room 50.00

16 worker toilet 50.00

II Internal Roads 653.25

III Open Area 1283.40

Total 12834.80

B Proposed facility within sugar industry located near the existing facility

I Storage Area

Rain water Harvesting Reservoir 7200.00

Fly Ash Storage 50.00

II Bio-gas plant 3150.00

III Utility - Boiler and TG 550.00

IV Bio-compost yard 40468.60

Total 51418.60

TOTAL (A + B) 64252.40 NOTE :

Existing Sugar industry has developed 168500 sq. mtr. (which is 33.11% of total plat area) as

greenbelt area having tree plantation and species of herbs and shrubs.

2.10.3 Water

Water requirement for proposed distillery plant during construction and operation phase will be met

through RWH water reservoir and bore wells. Permission from statutory authority i.e. CGWA will be

obtained and application for the same was made on 2.5.2019.

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It is estimated that approx. 50 KLD water will be required for construction activities and domestic usages

of construction labour. Bifurcation of water consumption is mentioned in Table 2-8,

Table 2-8: Water Consumption – Construction Phase

Sr.

no. Activities

Water

Consumption

in KLD

Remarks

1 Domestic 12 Fresh water

2 Construction activities 30 Fresh water

3 Dust suppression 8 Treated water

Total 50 Fresh – 42 KLD and Recycle – 8 KLD

During operation phase, water consumption is mainly for process, boiler, cooling and plant cleaning,

domestic. Water consumption is given in Table 2-9.

Table 2-9: Water Consumption – Operation Phase

Sr.

no. Activities

Water

Consumption

in KLD*

Remarks

1 Domestic and other usages 21 Fresh water

2 Industrial

Water in Molasses 21 Fresh and

Recycled water

Process water in fermentation 277

DM water for RS dilution and Ds, Boiler 369

Soft water for vacuum pump and blower 302

Soft water for Cooling Tower 179

Washing water for WTP 36

Total Industrial water 1184

TOTAL (1+2) 1205

*considering 270 working day

2.10.3.1 Recycle Stream

There are following streams which will be utilized back in the process to reduce overall water

consumption.

Spent Lees recycled for RS Dilution : 200 KLD

Vacuum pump recycles : 291 KLD

Steam Condensate : 104 KLD

Treated Effluent : 384 KLD

Total : 979 KLD

Fresh water requirement after reuse of above recycled stream is 1184 – 979 = 205 KLD, which will fulfil

by bore wells within premises and/or surface water source. Water requirement is 6.83 KL/KL of RS

production, which is well within standard water consumption prescribed by MoEFCC i.e. 10 KL/KL of

alcohol production. Water balance diagram showing water consumption and wastewater generation is as

under,

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Figure 2-9: Water Balance Diagram – Distillery Plant

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2.10.3.2 GCWB Permission

CCSL has three bore wells within existing industrial premises. Industrial and domestic water requirement

of existing sugar industry and residential colony is fulfilled through these bore wells – in case

unavailability of water in RWH reservoir. One bore well will be proposed for distillery plant and company

has applied to CGWA to obtain NOC as per guideline. Online application to CGWA is attached as

Annexure 6.

2.10.3.3 Surface water withdrawal Permission

Surface water i.e. canal water passes near to the industry in North direction is the optional source of water

supply in worst case scenario i.e. unavailability of water in RWH reservoir and bore well.

2.10.4 Fuel

Bagasse and Biogas will be used as fuel in proposed 10 TPH boiler. Approx. 850 MTPD bagasse is being

use in existing boilers (2 nos. of 32 TPH each). Proposed fuel along with its consumption quantity and

source is mentioned in Table 2-10.

Table 2-10: Fuel Consumption

Sr.

no.

Fuel Detail Remarks

Name Consumption Source Mode of

transportation

1 Bagasse 60 MTPD CCSL - Sugar

Ind.

Covered

conveyer system -

2 Bio Gas 12000 m3/day

Biomethanation

of spent wash Internal pipeline

Use of bio gas will

reduce Bagasse

consumption

2.10.5 Power/electricity

There is GEB connection and two power turbines for power supply to industrial plant. It is estimated that

approx. 18000 KWh electricity will be required daily during operation phase of proposed project, which

will fulfil through proposed TG of 1 MW.

2.10.6 Steam

It is estimated that 105 MTPD steam will be required for proposed distillery plant, which will fulfil

through boiler of capacity 10 TPH. Existing boilers (2 nos.) of 32 TPH capacity each will also utilized

during sugar season to fulfil steam requirement of proposed distillery plant. Steam requirement is shown

in Table 2-11

Table 2-11: Steam Requirement

Sr.

no. Steam require for Activities

Steam Quantity

(MTPD)

1 In distillation - Rectified spirit (R.S.) 60

2 Dehydration, RS to. Fuel Alcohol (FA)

16.56

3 Degasser & Evaporator

28.80

Total 105.36

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2.10.7 Manpower

Proposed distillery plant shall be administrative control of Managing Director (MD) of the existing Sugar

Industry. It is estimated that approx. 150 no. of skilled and unskilled labour will be hired from local area

for construction activities.

General Manager (GM) of the distillery plant shall be responsible for day to day working as well as

Management of manpower. 83 nos. of technical and non-technical personnel are estimated to be worked at

Proposed distillery plant and it is described in Table 2-14.

Table 2-12 Manpower

Sr.

no. Department

No. of Persons

Technical Non-technical Total

1 Distillery Plant 18 17 35

2 Evaporation Plant 4 4 8

3 Bio-methanation Plant 12 13 25

4 Administrative 5 10 15

Total 39 44 83

2.10.8 Utility

Boilers, TG sets, cooling tower at existing sugar industry will be used at proposed distillery plant to fulfil

the power requirement during cane crushing season. Further new utilities like boiler, TG set etc. will be

installed as per project requirement and utilized during off season. List of utilities along with capacity is

mentioned in Table 2-13

Table 2-13: List of Utilities

Sr. no. Description Sugar Ind.

Proposed for

Distillery Plant Remarks

No. Capacity No. Capacity

1 Boiler 2 32 TPH

each 1 10 TPH

Proposed boiler will be used

during off season, while

during season boilers at sugar

industry will be used.

2 Power

Turbine 2

1500

KW each 1 1 MW

Proposed turbine to fulfill

power requirement of propose

distillery plant during off

season, while during season

TG and D.G. sets at sugar

industry will be used.

3 Cooling

Tower - - 1 20 m

3/Hr

will be used during off season

4 D.G. set

1 500

KVA - -

Existing D.G. sets will be

used during emergency at

distillery plant 1

100

KVA

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Other than above utilities following existing infrastructure and storage facility will be utilized at

proposed distillery plant and details of infrastructure used is shown in Table 2-14

Table 2-14: Common Infrastructure

Sr.

no. Infrastructure

Existing at Sugar Ind. Remarks

Number Capacity/Area

1 Weighbridge 1 160.00 m2 Nr. Transport office

2 Credit soc. cum soil Lab. 1 938.00 m2 Opp. Admin building

3 Molasses storage tank 2 4000 MT each Total capacity – 8000 MT

4 Bagasse (storage area) yard - 8093.72 m2 Beside sugar factory

5 Parking shed (bike and car) - 232.00 m2 Opp. Admin building

6 Water storage through RWH

1 16800 m3 Nr. Spray Pond

1 300 m3 New RCC tanks

1 410 m3 Old RCC Tanks

1 280 m3 RCC tank nr. Boiler

2.11 PROPOSED STORAGE FACILITY

In addition to above common storage facility and infrastructure, proposed distillery plant required

additional storage for water and raw/finished products which is mentioned in Table 2-15.

Table 2-15 Proposed Storage Facility

Sr.

no. Proposed storage Facility

Storage

capacity

Area/MOC-in

case of tank

storage

No. of

unit

1 Water reservoir (15 days storage) 21,600 m3 1

2 Water storage tank

105 m3 each RCC 2 Nos.

150 m3 each RCC 2 Nos.

Total capacity of storage tanks 510 m3

3 Process water tank 30 m3 RCC 1

4 Rectified Spirit Feed Tank 100 m3 MS 1 No

4 Receivers tank

Rectified Spirit 35 m3 each MS 3 Nos

Absolute Alcohol 35 m3 each MS 3 Nos

Impure Spirit 10 m3 each MS 3 Nos

5 Storage tank

Rectified Spirit 500 m3 each MS 2 Nos

Absolute Alcohol 500 m3 each MS 2 Nos

Impure Spirit 50 m3 MS 1 No

Fusel Oil 10 m3 MS 1 No

6 Biogas storage dome 14500 m3 1 No

7 Concentrated bio-methanated Spent

wash Lagoon (42 days storage)

2400 m3 -- --

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2.12 WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

Wastewater in form of sewage (10 KLD) from construction workers will be expected, which is treated in

existing treatment facility i.e. septic tank/soak pit.

From proposed distillery plant Spent Wash (SW) and wastewater stream from utility will be expected to be

generated as wastewater. Wastewater generation from proposed distillery plant is mentioned in Table 2-16

along with inputs of condensate polishing unit (CPU).

Table 2-16: Wastewater from Distillery Plant

Sr.

no. Activities

Wastewater

Generation

in KLD

Remarks

1 Domestic and other usages 17 Treated in septic tank/soak

pit

2 Industrial

Spent Lees 273 Internal stream (979 KLD)

will be recovered and recycle

to process, while 402 KLD

wastewater will be treated in

CPU.

Water in Spent Wash 243

Water in sludge after decanter 9

Vacuum pump & blower 302

Vacuum pump loss 11

Steam Generation 123

Water in product 2

CT evaporation & drift losses 151

Washing water 10

Blow down water and reject streams 64

Total Industrial water 1188

TOTAL (1+2) 1205

Input to ETP

1 Process condensate 255 Treated in CPU and treated

water (384 KLD) will be

reuse in process. 2 Spent Lees 73

3 WTP blow down 36

4 CT blow down 28

5 Washing water 10

Total 402

2.12.1 Spent Wash (SW)

A high strength (high COD/TDS) wastewater i.e. spent wash will be generated 9 – 10 Ltr. per Ltr. of

alcohol production. 300 KLPD of spent wash estimated to be generation from proposed distillery plant.

General characteristic of spent wash is having high colored, acidic in nature, high COD/BOD/TDS etc. In

Table 2-17 characteristic of raw spent wash (RSW) from Continuous process distillery Plant is given.

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Table 2-17: Characteristic of Raw Spent Wash

No. Parameters Characteristics

1 Colour Dark brown

2 Odour Sugar smell

3 pH 4.0- 4.5

4 B.O.D. mg/lit. 55000-65000

5 C.O.D. mg/lit. 120000-150000

6 Total volatile solids; mg/lit. 60000-75000

7 Total inorganic solids, mg/lit. 35000- 45000

8 Sulphates, mg/lit. 4500-15000

9 Chlorides; mg/lit. 6000-7500

10 Potassium (as K) mg/lit. 10000-18500

11 Total Nitrogen; mg/lit. 1000-1400

12 Phosphorous (as PO4) mg/lit. 300-500

13 Sodium; mg/lit. 1400-1500

14 Calcium; mg/lit. 4500-6000

2.12.1.1 Treatment and Disposal of SW

CCSL will install bio-gas plant as a primary treatment system anaerobic process followed by concentration

of biomethanated spent wash. There will be Bio-gas production due to bio-methanation of spent wash.

Technical discussion related to bio-gas production is all ready incorporated in Section 2.8 Biomethanated

concentrated spent wash (BMSW) will be used in bio-composting process at sugar industry, while liquid

stream will be treated in CPU. Figure 2-10 shows flow sheet of bio gas plant.

Figure 2-10: Flow Sheet of Bio Gas Plant

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2.12.2 Other wastewater stream

Wastewater streams i.e. process condensate, spent lees, blow down from WTP & CT, washing water of

distillery plant will be treated in CPU. CCSL has adopted conventional anaerobic treatment followed

by aerobic treatment (extended or diffused aeration). Bifurcation of wastewater stream to be generated

from proposed distillery plant is mentioned below Table 2-18:

Table 2-18: Distillery Plant’s Effluent

Sr.

no.

Activities Wastewater Generation

in KLD

Remarks

1 Process condensate 255 Treated in ETP followed by

CPU and treated water (384

KLD) will be reuse in

process.

2 Spent Lees 73

3 WTP blow down 36

4 CT blow down 28

5 Washing water 10

Total 402

2.12.2.1 Characteristic of Effluent

Characteristic of effluent from proposed distillery plant will have following characteristics are shown in

Table 2-19 and Table 2-20 shows stage wise effluent characteristics.

Table 2-19: Effluent Characteristic

Sr.

No Parameters Unit ETP inlet ETP Outlet

1 pH -- 4.08 7.33

2 Temperature °C 30.5 31

3 Colour Co-pt 1125 170

4 Total Dissolve Solid (TDS) mg/L 2930 1808

5 Suspended Solids (SS) mg/L 560 105

6 Oil & grease mg/L 13 3

6 COD mg/L 11230 245

7 BOD (3 days @ 27°C) mg/L 3295 66

8 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/L 10.2 5.85

9 Sulphide mg/L 32 2

10 Chloride mg/L 461 297

11 Sulphate mg/L 350 203

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Table 2-20 Stage wise effluent characteristic

Sr.

No Parameters Unit

Effluent

Inlet

Outlet of

UASBR

Outlet of

Primary

clarifier

Treated water

Flow 402 402 402 384

1 pH -- 4.08 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 7.33

2 Total Dissolve Solid (TDS) mg/L 2930 - - 1808

3 COD mg/L 11230 3870 260 245

4 BOD (3 days @ 27°C) mg/L 3295 1160 70 66

5 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/L 10.2 7 5.85 5.85

6 Oil & grease mg/L 13 3 3 3

6 Sulphide mg/L 32 6.5 2 2

7 Chloride mg/L 461 322 297 297

8 Sulphate mg/L 350 245 203 203

2.12.2.2 Treatment of Effluent

Conventional anaerobic treatment followed by aerobic (extended or diffused aeration) treatment followed

by polishing appears to be most economical for treatment of process condensate of evaporation, spent lees

of distillation etc. To have eco-friendly & natural treatment, this plant will be designed based on the

biological treatment concept. This means microbes removes or degrade the organic matter present in the

effluent & at the end clean water is available for the non-potable usage for reuse in process and non-

process applications.

There are following three stage of treatment,

Pre-Treatment: Collection and Neutralization

Secondary Treatment: Anaerobic Treatment [Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor

(UASBR)] and Activated Sludge Process (Aeration)

Tertiary Treatment : Coarse Filtration and Activated Carbon Filter

A) Pre-Treatment: Effluent from distillery plant will have approx. 60 to 70 0C temperature, hence it

required to be drop down. Cooling tower will be provided for the same and then it will collected in

collection tank having one day capacity. Neutralization system is provided to neutralize the effluent

using lime slurry (10%) or soda ash.

B) Secondary Treatment: Anaerobic Treatment i.e. Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor

(UASBR)

Wastewater from intermediate tank would be pumped into UASB reactor through a specially designed

distribution pipes. The multiple distributions ensure uniform distribution of flow throughout the sludge

blanket making maximum rises to the top of anaerobic reactor along with bio-gas generated and also some

sludge particles. A unique three-phase gas – solid liquid separator would be provided at the top to separate

out the gas, liquid and the sludge particles. The wastewater flows upward through a sludge blanket

composed of biologically formed granules or particles. Treatment occurs as the wastewater comes in

contact with the granules. The gases produced under anaerobic conditions (principally methane and carbon

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dioxide) cause internal circulation, which helps in the formation and maintenance of the biological

granules. Some of the gas produced within the sludge blanket becomes attached to the biological granules.

The free gas and the particles with the attached gas rise to the top of the reactor. The particles that rise to

the surface, strike the bottom of the degassing baffles, which causes the attached gas bubbles to release.

The degassed granules typically drop back to the surface of the sludge blanket. The free gas and the gas

released from the granules are captured in the gas collection domes located in the top of the reactor. Liquid

containing some residual solids and biological granules passes into settling chamber, where the residual

solids are separated from the liquid. The separated solids fall back through the baffle system to the top of

the sludge blanket. Gas will be collected in the domes provided at the top. The liquid overflows through

the gutters and suspended solids then separated are allowed to settle down in the sludge blanket thereby

retaining valuable bacterial population. The gas will be carried through a gas line equipped with safety

devices to the flare stack and would be burnt subsequently.

(1) Activated Sludge Process (Aeration) – ASP

ASP is the main section of the plant where degradation of organic pollutants with the help of aerobic

micro-organism takes place. In aeration tank activated biomass is developed in such a way that certain

MLSS is maintained for continuous effluent flow which comes to aeration basin. Effluent is degraded in

given retention time and activated sludge is further passed to clarifier and recycled as per requirement. The

sludge, which is not required after recirculation, is passed to sludge drying bed. To maintain the aerobic

condition in the bioreactor, air supply arrangement is provided by means of aeration equipment which has

high oxygen transfer efficiency.

Primary Clarifier: In Primary clarifier, effluent passed from first aeration tank along with

biomass (MLSS) gets settled here. The settled biomass recycled back to aeration tank as per

requirement and excess biomass transfer to sludge drying bed.

C) Tertiary Treatment : Coarse Filtration and Activated Carbon Filter

(1) Coarse Filtration: The raw water is first passed through a Multi-grade sand filter to reduce the

suspended solids present in the raw water. The filter will have to be washed with the help of raw

water for 10 to 15 mins daily. This filter is provided to keep a check on the suspended solids.

(2) Activated Carbon Filter: Activated Carbon Filter shall be used for DE chlorination of filtered

water, where the excess chlorine will be removed along with undesired color & odor.

Schematic flow diagram for ETP is shown in Figure 2-11.

New and innovative treatment for spent wash by CSIR and CSMCRI is discussed in section 5.3.2

of chapter – 5 as it will be another option of treatment.

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Figure 2-11: Schematic Flow Diagram of ETP

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Table 2-21: Proposed ETP units

Sr.

No. ETP units Nos.

Dimension in mtr. Total

Volume (m3)

Length

m

Width

m

Depth

m

1 Collection tank 1 7 7 4 200

2 Equalization tank 1 7 7 4 200

3 Flash mixer 1 2.3 2.3 2.5 14

4 UASBR 1 14 Dia -- 10.5 1616

5 Holding tank for UASBR

outlet 1 5 5 4 100

6 1st stage Aeration tank 1 14 10 4.5 630

7 1st stage Clarifier 1 6 dia -- 3.2 90

8 Sand Filter 1 3.5 dia -- 2.5 20 m3/hr

9 Carbon Filter 1 3.5 dia -- 2.5 20 m3/hr

10 Treated water storage 1 7 7 4 200

11 Sludge drying bed 2 5 5 1.2 --

2.12.2.3 Mode of Effluent disposal

There will not be disposal of treated water or spent wash from proposed distillery plant. Treated water (384

KLD) along with other treated stream (595 KLD) will be reuse in process. Hence, proposed project will be

zero liquid and zero spent wash discharge unit and comply with CPCB guideline (2015).

2.13 AIR EMISSION

Flue gas emission form stack attached with existing boilers. In addition to these as mentioned in earlier

section one flue gas stack attached with proposed 10 TPH boiler. PM, SO2, NOx are the main pollutant

VOC from distillation columns, CO2 and ethanol from fermentation process to be expected. Multi cyclone

Separator and wet scrubber will be installed as air pollution control equipment to achieve the GPCB

norms. Air emission along with APCM details is mentioned in Table 2-22

Table 2-22: Flue Gas Emission

No. Stack

Attached To

Stack Height

& Diameter

Pollutants

Pollution

Control

System

Permissible Limit as

per NAAQS

1. Steam Boiler

(10 TPH)

Dia. = 1 m;

Ht.= 45 m

PM,

SO2,

NOx

Multi Cyclone

Separator

followed by bag

filter

PM < 150 mg/Nm3

SO2< 100 ppm

NOx < 50 ppm

2.14 SOLID/HAZARDOUS WASTE

Bio-compost and Fly Ash as solid waste and used/Lubrication oil, discarded containers as hazardous

wastes will be generated from proposed distillery plant. Storage, handling and management of

solid/hazardous waste will be done as per Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary

Movement) Amendment Rules, 2016. Unit has storage area for hazardous wastes having roof, pucca

flooring with Leachate collection system and the same will be used after commissioning of distillery plant.

In Table 2-23 details of waste generation and handling / Management are given.

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Table 2-23 Waste Management

Sr.

no.

Type/

Name of

Hazardous Wastes

Source of

Generation

Category of

waste as per

Schedule – I

HW Rules

Quantity

Disposal Method

/Management

Solid Waste

1 Fly Ash Boiler - 121.5

MT/Annu

m

Fly ash collection and

storage in pit and sell to

brick manufacturer.

2 Packing material Raw

material

handling

- 60 kg.

/Annum

Collection, storage,

transported and sold to

approve scrap vendor

3 ETP Sludge CPU -

Treatment

facility

- 9 MT/

Annum

Used as manure within

premises.

Hazardous Waste

3 Used/Spent Oil Utility

5.1 500 kg.

/Annum

Collection Storage,

Transportation and disposal

by sold out to registered

recyclers or used for

lubrication

4 Discarded

containers/

barrels

RM

handling

33.1 5 nos.

/Annum

Collection, Storage,

Transportation and Disposal

by sold out to

decontamination facility or

send back to suppliers

2.15 EXISTING GREENBELT AREA

Existing Sugar industry has developed 1, 68,500 sq. meter area as greenbelt and it include tree plantation

and various species of herbs and shrubs. List of species available in GB is listed in Table 2-24 and

photograph of the same is depicted as Figure 2-12.

Table 2-24: Species of Existing Greenbelt

Sr.

no.

List of Tree

Name Number

1 Mango 107

2 Coconut 325

3 Neem 65

4 Asopalav 59

5 Palm 71

6

Nilgiri (beside godown) 1329

Nilgiri (opp workshop) 1320

Nilgiri (beside society) 260

Nilgiri (beside office) 153

TOTAL 3689

Existing greenbelt area covers 33.11% of total plot area, hence greenbelt area is not proposed as it already

complies with guideline.

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Figure 2-12 Existing Greenbelt Area

2.16 EXISTING RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

Rain water harvesting from roof top and paved area has been done at existing sugar industry. Rain water

from Factory building roof (10700 m2), Sugar Godown roof (8500 m

2) and Spray pond Area (6000 m

2) is

being harvested during monsoon season and collected in water storage tank/pond and used in process.

Table 2-25: RWH in Sugar Plant

Particular Details

Roof top area Open area

Catchment area available (sq.mt.) 19200 6000

Coefficient of runoff 0.9 0.2

Area wise volume of rain water can be harvested (KL) 20736.00 1440.00

Total volume of rain water can be harvested (KL) 22176.00

2.17 PROJECT SCHEDULE

Implementation of project within a pre-determined time frame and budget is an important factor for the

success of a project. Timely implementation may save on various costs like interest, administrative

overheads and helps to realize the goals as per pre-determined objectives. The implementation of the

project will involve major activities like preparation of specification / drawings, receipt of quotations,

scrutiny of quotations, placing of orders, civil & structural construction, delivery & erection of equipment,

test trial runs of various items of equipment and commissioning of the plant & equipment. All project

activities will be started after obtaining EC from MoEFCC and CTE/CTO from GPCB. A tentative project

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schedule presented in Figure 2-13 is prepared considering day one from the obtaining all mandatory

approvals from the statutory authority as mentioned above and other.

Figure 2-13: Project Schedule

Pre-construction activities is not envisaged in proposed distillery plant as it will developed on open flat

land of existing sugar industry. Project site marking will be done as per project design. Construction

activities involve excavation for foundation, storage of construction materials like steel, cement, crushed

stones; sand, rubble, etc. will be take place during construction phase. It is estimated that proposed project

activities will be start after 18 months from receipt of EC and it will take place within the industrial

premises. Manufacturing activities involves use of raw materials/resources, production of RS/EA along

with pollution load on environmental parameter, which will have high significant impact on various

environmental parameters if not address properly.

2.18 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

Management of sugar industry will also look out/take care of project activities of proposed distillery plant.

Figure 2-14 Organization Chartshows Hierarchy and work responsibility structure.

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Figure 2-14 Organization Chart

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CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONTMENT

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Environmental quality in the vicinity of project site serves as the basis for identification, prediction and

evaluation of impacts. The baseline environmental quality is assessed through field studies within the

impact zone for various components. Baseline data generation of the following environmental attributes is

essential in EIA studies.

Meteorology

Ambient Air Quality

Surface and Ground water Quality

Ambient Noise Quality

Soil Quality

Land use pattern

Geological Features

Biological Information

Socio-economic status survey

3.1.1 Objectives of Baseline Monitoring

The term „baseline‟ refers to conditions existing before development against which subsequent changes

can be referenced. Baseline monitoring studies are carried out to measure environmental parameters during

a pre-project period for the purpose of determining the range of variation of the system and establishing

reference points against which changes can be measured.

Identify environmental conditions which might influence project design decisions (e.g., site layout,

structural or operational characteristics);

Identify sensitive issues or areas requiring mitigation or compensation;

Collect input data for analytical models and predict effects due to proposed project;

Provide proposed environmental monitoring programs.

At this stage of EIA process, baseline monitoring is primarily discussed in the context of first purpose

wherein feedback from baseline monitoring programs may be used to:

Determine available assimilative capacity of different environmental components within the

designated impact zone and whether more or less stringent mitigation measures are needed.

Improve predictive capability of EIAs.

3.1.2 Study Area and Period

Environment Baseline Monitoring was carry out during March to May – 2019 to generate baseline

environmental data within study area of 10 km radial distance from proposed project site. Base line data of

Ambient air quality, water quality; land use & land cover, topography, ecology as well as socio economic

status was collected as per ToR requirement. The details of frequency of sampling & method of

environmental sampling & analysis are given below in subsequent sections under respective titles.

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3.1.3 Data Collection Methodology

Sampling locations were selected as per MoEFCC guideline in consultation with the respective functional

area experts. Subsequently the field monitoring was undertaken during March to May – 2019 by laboratory

staff of UniStar Environment & Research Labs Pvt. Ltd., Vapi (Laboratory Division) along with

respective FAEs. Primary survey was conducted by EIA team on 3rd

to 4th May – 2019 for collection of

baseline data and verifies it with secondary data. Following secondary data were used to finalize sampling

locations:

The land-use & land cover map of the 10 km radius study area from the project site was prepared using

IRS P6 LISS-III satellite image procured from NRSC (National Remote Sensing Centre), Hyderabad)

Survey of India Toposheet (Figure 2-6)

Secondary macro-metrological data from Indian Meteorological Department (Section 3.2.1)

Primary data has been collected through field monitoring for meteorological conditions, ambient air

quality, water quality, noise quality, soil quality, etc, which includes major portion of the baseline

environmental studies. In addition to these important studies, further studies like land use, socio-economic

studies, ecological and biodiversity studies, hydrogeology, etc. are covered during the study period.

Secondary information sources and constitutes is used for these studies and remaining parts of the baseline

environmental studies. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted.

3.2 METEOROLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Air borne pollutants is dispersed by atmospheric motion. Knowledge of these motions ranges from

turbulent diffusion to long-range transport by weather systems. Dispersion of different air pollutants

released into the atmosphere has significant impacts on the neighborhood air environment of project and

forms an important part of impact assessment studies. Meteorological conditions of the site regulates the

transport and diffusion of air-pollutants released into the atmosphere.

Ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction and atmospheric stability are called primary or basic

Meteorological Parameters because the dispersion and diffusion of pollutants depend mainly on these

parameters. Humidity, precipitation, pressure and visibility are secondary Meteorological parameters as

they control the dispersion of the pollutants indirectly by affecting primary parameters. This data is useful

for proper interpretation of the baseline information as well as serves as an input, to predictive models for

air quality impacts.

It is imperative that one should work with idealized condition and all analysis pertaining to air turbulence

and ambient air should be done with meteorological conditions, which can be best expected to occur.

3.2.1 Climate of Study Area

The general agro-climatic zone of the study area is Semi-arid to dry subhumid, having heavy rain fall.

Information presented in subsequent paragraphs is from the most recently published Long Term

Climatologically Tables for the nearest observatory by the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)2.

2 Climatological normals 1981-2010, issued by office of the additional director general of meteorology (Research)

Indian Meteorological Department, Pune-5

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Month Humidity (%) Temperature (ºC) Rainfall

(mm)

Mean Wind speed

(Kmph) Day Night Min Max

January 68 41 15.2 30.8 1.5 3.7

February 64 34 16.7 32.3 0.3 3.5

March 64 33 20.7 35.4 0.34 3.6

April 66 42 24 36.7 0.2 4.7

May 70 58 26.8 35.8 3.9 8

June 78 70 27 34 245.2 8.3

July 86 80 25.9 31.2 466.3 8.1

August 86 79 25.5 30.8 283.8 6.6

September 83 70 25.4 32.3 151.8 3.7

October 73 52 23.3 35.1 41.8 2.3

November 65 44 19.6 34.1 7.1 2.7

December 67 43 16.5 31.9 0.6 2.9

Annual Mean 73 53 22.2 33.4 1202.8 4.8

Source: India Meteorological Department (IMD), Atlas of wind roses, 1971-2000, Climatological Table (Surat)

3.2.1.1 Predominant Wind Direction

As per India Meteorological Department (IMD), Atlas of Wind Roses (WR), 1971-2000, the annual

variations in average wind speed recorded at Surat station at 8:30 am and 5:30 pm indicates that the

predominant wind direction in from SW to NE.

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Figure 3-1: Annual Wind Rose of Daily Surface Data (8:30 a.m.) at Surat Station (1971-2000)

Figure 3-2: Annual Wind Rose of Daily Surface Data (5:30 p.m.) at Surat Station (1971-2000)

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3.2.1.2 Site Specific Micro-Meteorology Data

Meteorology of the study zones plays an important role in the study of air pollution. Micrometeorological

conditions with respect to temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction that regulate the

dispersion and dilution of air pollutants in the atmosphere are collected by the Unistar Laboratory.

Predominant direction determines location of monitoring stations at downwind side from the sources. Site-

specific mean meteorological data is given in

Table 3-1 and the wind rose diagram processed by ISC-AERMOD View software from data collected at

site is shown in Figure 3-3

Table 3-1: Summary of Site Specific Meteorological Data

Meteorological Parameter Period: Month of Year 2019

March April May

Temperature (0C)

Min. 23 24 25

Max. 42 46 42

Avg. 31.10 34.6 33.24

Relative Humidity

(%)

Day 32.53 38.51 58.82

Night 22.62 27.81 46.47

Wind Speed (km/h)

Min. 0.00 0.00 3.00

Max. 20.00 25 24

Avg. 9.27 11.84 16.38

Wind Direction SW to NE

Precipitation Nil

From site specific meteorological data it is seen that there is minor deviation in temperature & wind speed

as compare to IMD data. This may be because the IMD station is located at Surat while project location is

near Valod; the distance between two locations is around 52.14 km.

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Figure 3-3: Primary Wind rose Diagram (March to May 2019)

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3.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT

The purpose of EIA is to determine whether average concentrations are likely to encounter at fixed

locations (known as the receptor), due to the given sources (locations and rates of emission known), under

idealized atmospheric conditions. The ambient air quality status with respect to the study zone of 10 km

radial distance from the plant site will form the base line information over which the predicted impacts due

to the proposed project can be super imposed to find out the net (Final) impacts on air environment.

3.3.1 Sampling Methodology and Analysis

Ambient levels of project specific pollutants such as PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, VOC, Total HC –

Methane and Total HC - Non Methane are selected for the sampling. The methodology of sampling and

analysis in detail is given in Table 3-2 & Table 3-3

Table 3-2: Air – Parameters analyzed and sampling duration

Attribute Parameter Frequency of Monitoring during

Study period

AAQ3

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx 24 hr sampling - 2 days per week.

CO, VOC 8 hr sampling - Once in a month.

Total HC – Methane and Total HC - Non

Methane Twice in a month.

Meteorological

Data

Wind speed, wind Direction,

Temperature, RH, precipitation at one

center location

Hourly data collected at site using

Automatic Weather Station

Table 3-3: Ambient Air Quality - Methodology

Pollutant Method of analysis Instrument used for

analysis Detection Limit

PM10 Particulate Matter 10 Gravimetric Method Respirable Dust

Sampler 10 µg/m

3

PM2.5

Respirable

Suspended

Particulate Matter

Gravimetric Method Fine Dust Sampler

10 µg/m3

SO2 Sulfur dioxide Improved West and

Geake Method

UV-

Spectrophotometer 4.0 µg/m

3

NO2 Nitrous dioxide

Jacob & Hochheiser

Modified (Na-

Arsenate)

UV-

Spectrophotometer 6.0 µg/m3

CO Carbon Monoxide Gas Chromatography

method

Gas Chromatography 1 mg/m

3

VOC Volatile Organic

Compound Digital Gas Analyzer Phocheck Tiger 1.0 ppm

Various statistical parameters like arithmetic mean, minimum; maximum concentrations and different

percentiles have been computed from the data generated during sampling in all sampling stations.

3Sampling height as per standard method.

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3.3.2 Ambient Air Monitoring Locations

The baseline status of the ambient air quality in the impact zone is assessed thorough scientifically

designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The baseline studies for air environment include

identification of specific air pollutants prior to implementation of the project. The Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) study requires monitoring of baseline air quality during one season. Accordingly, air

quality monitoring was carried out during 1st March, 2019 to 31

st May, 2019. The design of monitoring

network in the air quality surveillance program was designed based on the following considerations:

Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale (Climatological normal).

Topography of the study area.

Representation of regional background levels.

Representation of valid cross sectional distribution in the downward direction.

Influence of the existing sources if any, are to be kept at minimum.

Inclusion of densely populated areas within the region.

Minimum one location within 1-5 km radius of study area was fixed. 8 monitoring locations were

identified which is mentioned in Table 3-4 & Google image showing monitoring locations is depicted as

Figure 3-4, while monitoring photograph is incorporated as Photograph 3-1 recorded AAQ levels are

given in Table 3-5

Table 3-4: Ambient Air Monitoring Locations

Code Location Distance

(km) Direction Located in

GPS

Coordinates Type of Area

A1 Project site –

CCSL (PS) -- -- --

20°59'39.00"N

73°17'52.00"E

Residential

A2 Jamania 6.60 WSW Upwind 20°58'2.00"N

73°14'36.00"E

Residential

A3 Buhari 2.85 SSE Crosswind 20°58'12.00"N

73°18'26.00"E

Residential

A4 Andhatri 2.13 SW Upwind 20°58'47.03"N

73°17'3.00"E Residential

A5 Valod 7.14 NNW Crosswind 21° 3'14.00"N


A6 Gheriyavav 3.46 ENE Downwind 21° 0'17.00"N


A7 Umarkui 4.70 ENE Downwind 21° 1'2.00"N


A8 Ghani 6.82 South Crosswind 20°55'59.00"N


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Figure 3-4: Google Image Showing Ambient Air Quality Locations

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Project Site Gheriyavav

Valod Ghani

Photograph 3-1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

The existing baseline levels of various pollutants like PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO VOC, Total HC

methane and Total HC non-methane are expressed in terms of various statistical parameters as given in

Table 3-8

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Table 3-5: Ambient Air Quality Status

Sr.

No.

Sampling

Location -

Parameters

PM10

(µg/m3)

PM2.5

(µg/m3)

SO2

(µg/m3)

NO2

(µg/m3)

CO

(mg/m3)

VOC

(ppm)

Total HC –

Methane

Total HC - Non

Methane

NAAQ Standards 100 60 80 80 2 - - -

1. Project Site (A1)

Min. 68 24 15 30

BDL BDL BDL

BDL

Max. 75 30 19 38

Average 70.92 26.67 16.50 33.92

98th Percentile 74.54 29.54 18.54 37.54

2. Jamania (A2)

Min. 45 18 9 15

BDL BDL BDL

BDL

Max. 51 21 11 18

Average 47.88 19.13 9.67 16.13

98th Percentile 50.54 20.54 11.00 17.54

3. Buhari (A3)

Min. 42 19 10 23

BDL BDL BDL

BDL

Max. 47 22 13 28

Average 44.21 20.21 11.17 25.25

98th Percentile 46.54 21.54 12.54 27.54

4. Andhatri (A4)

Min. 35 13 10 13

BDL BDL BDL

BDL

Max. 39 20 12 19

Average 36.75 16.04 10.67 15.79

98th Percentile 38.54 19.54 12.00 18.54

5. Valod (A5)

Min. 50 21 11 25

BDL BDL BDL BDL

Max. 58 25 14 30

Average 53.92 22.63 12.04 27.04

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Sr.

No.

Sampling

Location -

Parameters

PM10

(µg/m3)

PM2.5

(µg/m3)

SO2

(µg/m3)

NO2

(µg/m3)

CO

(mg/m3)

VOC

(ppm)

Total HC –

Methane

Total HC - Non

Methane

NAAQ Standards 100 60 80 80 2 - - -

98th Percentile 57.54 24.54 13.54 29.54

6. Gheriyavav (A6)

Min. 38 15 9 14

BDL BDL BDL

BDL

Max. 42 19 12 18

Average 39.63 16.75 10.00 15.63

98th Percentile 41.54 18.54 11.54 17.54

7. Umarkui (A7)

Min. 34 17 9 13

BDL BDL BDL

BDL

Max. 38 20 13 17

Average 35.71 18.04 10.71 14.79

98th Percentile 37.54 19.54 12.54 16.54

8. Ghani (A8)

Min. 39 16 10 15

BDL BDL BDL BDL

Max. 42 20 12 20

Average 40.17 17.58 10.63 16.58

98th Percentile 41.54 19.54 12.00 19.08

Below Detection Limit – BDL

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3.3.3 Discussion on results and its interpretation

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, VOC, Total HC (Methane and Non Methane) levels within the study area is

represented in Table 3-5. Summary of existing BLM i.e. minimum value, maximum value, 98th percentile

values are mention in below Table 3-6.

Table 3-6: Summery of AAQ

Criteria Pollutant Unit Maximum

value

Minimum

value

Prescribed

Standard

PM10 μg/m3 75 34 100

PM2.5 μg/m3 30 13 60

SO2 μg/m3 19 9 80

NO2 μg/m3 38 13 80

There are no major sources of air emission from proposed distillery plant except stack attached with

Bagasse fired boiler. Maximum values of all parameters are recorded at project site due to vehicular

movement on state highway road located at 280 mtr. from PS in west direction. A Maintenance activity of

sugar industry is also conducted during study period, which may have possibility to contribute in pollutant

increase. It is observed during site visit on 3rd

and 4th May, 2019 that most of the villages in study area are

surrounded by huge tree plantation and also having RCC internal roads. Villages located in upwind and

downwind direction have minimum values because all residential area has no source of emission as well as

minimum vehicular movement found. Valod and Buhari is dense populated residential cum commercial

area located in cross wind direction. Due to vehicular movement and commercial activities results of all

parameters are slightly higher than the other village located up and down wind direction.

3.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Good quality water is essential to human life, and water of acceptable quality is essential for Agricultural,

industrial, domestic and commercial uses. Water quality studies have been carried out in the study area to

understand the availability of water resources, scenario of existing water quality and possibility of water

contamination due to proposed project activities.


The water resources in the study area may be classified into two major categories like Surface and Ground

water sources. 11 locations within 10 km radius from project site has been identified based on secondary

data, out of which 4 samples from surface sources and 7 samples from ground water sources for physico-

chemical and biological parameters.

Following procedures were used while sampling and & Methodologies adopted in assessing quality of

water is presented in following Table 3-7

Washing the bottles/cans with distilled water prior to the sampling.

Before collection of water the bottles/cans are again washed 2-3 times with the same water.

For surface water, Bottles were lowered to a minimum depth of 30 cm below water surface.

At each point, different sets of water samples were collected so as to cover all the parameters.

Meticulous attention is taken in proper numbering at the site.

Sterilized bottles were used for the samples that are to be analyzed for bacteria.

Civil supply water pipeline taps are sterilized before collection for bacteriological analysis.

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Parameters like pH, conductivity and temperature were analyzed in the field conditions. There are

specific instruments for measuring EC and pH in the field. These are portable. These instruments

will be calibrated at laboratory before use. The results were reconfirmed after getting to the

laboratory. DO is fixed and titrated in the field itself.

Appropriate preservatives are added, depending upon the elements to be analyzed and marked

accordingly (APHA / IS: 3025 (part I)).

All the water samples collected in the ice box, were immediately transported to the laboratory and

free zed at <5 oC analysis.

Field observations were noted in the field notebook.

Table 3-7: Sample Collection and Analysis of Water Sample

Parameter Frequency Sampling

methodology

Preservation

method Analysis Method

Prescribed

standard

DO, pH, EC

and

Temperature

Once in a

baseline

period

IS: 3025

(part I)

Not

applicable

Onsite measurement IS: 10500

specificatio

ns

Other

physico-

chemical and

biological

parameters

IS: 3025 (part

I)

„Standard Methods for

Examination of Water and

Wastewater‟ Published by

American Public Health

Association (APHA) / IS

3025

3.4.2 Water Monitoring Location

To identify Ground Water availability and type of structure located /used in study area secondary source

i.e. Census-2011 was used. Based on the census data monitoring locations has been selected and during

BLM, ground water sample has been collected from the sources where water is available. Surface water

locations were identified using topo map and Google Earth. Project site and study area visit has been

conducted by expert with laboratory team on 3rd

May, 2019 and collected GW and SW samples from the

sources i.e. list of monitoring locations are mentioned in Table 3-8. Sampling locations of ground and

surface water are shown in Figure 3-5 and Figure 3-6 respectively, while monitoring photograph is

incorporated as Photograph 3-2.

Table 3-8: Monitoring Locations for Ground Water and Surface Water

Code Water Sample

Location Source Distance (km) Direction GPS Coordinates

Ground Water

GW1

Project Site

Borewell-1 near

Spray pond

Bore well 0.13 ENE 20°59'34.06"N

73°18'9.35"E

GW2

Project Site

Borewell-2 near

Admin Buld.

Bore well 0.26 NW 20°59'36.84"N

73°17'54.98"E

GW3 Andhatri Bore well 3 South 20°58'0.07"N

73°17'55.66"E

GW4 Buhari Bore well 2.75 SSE 20°58'13.23"N

73°18'28.19"E

GW5 Umarkui Bore well 4.60 ENE 21° 1'4.08"N

73°20'8.51"E

GW6 Gheriyavav Bore well 3.67 ENE 20°59'55.32"N

73°20'3.27"E

GW7 Valod Bore well 7.25 NW 21° 2'57.73"N

73°15'53.25"E

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Code Water Sample

Location Source Distance (km) Direction GPS Coordinates

Surface Water

SW1 Purna River near

Buhari - 2.96 South

20°57'59.83"N

73°18'6.59"E

SW2 Canal near Ghani - 6.88 SSE 20°56'0.14"N

73°18'38.94"E

SW3 Olan River - 7.54 South 20°55'33.27"N

73°18'18.82"E

SW4 Kasvav Pond - 4.82 ENE 21° 0'7.96"N

73°20'42.20"E

Figure 3-5: Google Image Showing Ground Water Sampling Locations

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Figure 3-6: Google Image Showing Surface Water Sampling Locations

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Andhatri Village Gheriyavav Village

Project Site near Spray Pond Olan River nr. Ghani Village

Purna River nr. Bhuhari Village Kasavav Pond

Photograph 3-2 Surface & Ground Water Sampling

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Parameters were selected based on Guidelines for Water Quality Monitoring by Central Pollution Control Board, Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-32

published in December 2007. Analysis results for Ground and Surface water are given in Table 3-9 & Table 3-10 respectively. The results of Ground and Surface water

samples results were compared with The Indian standard specification for drinking water IS: 10500.

Table 3-9: Ground Water Quality

Sr

No.

Test

Parameters

Units

Sample Code & Location IS : 10500

Project Site

Borewell-1

near Spray

pond (GW1)

Project Site

Borewell-2

near Admin

Buld.(GW2)

Andhatri

(GW3)

(Bore well)

Buhari

(GW4)

(Bore well)

Umarkui

(GW5)

(Bore well)

Gheriyavav

(GW6)

(Bore well)

Valod (GW7)

(Bore well) Desirable Permissible

1. pH - 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.5 6.5-8.5 No

Relaxation

2. Temperature °C 30 31 31 31 29 32 30 -- --

3. Colour Pt-Co. BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 5 15

4. Odor -- objectionable objectionable objectionable objectionable objectionable objectionable objectionable Agreeable Agreeable

5. Taste - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

6. Turbidity NTU BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1 5

7.

Total

Suspended

Solids (TSS)

mg/L 10 8 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL -- --

8.

Total

Dissolved

Solids (TDS)

mg/L 878 546 415 264 152 143 301 500 2000

9.

Electrical

Conductivity

(EC)

µS/cm 1255 861 650 422 242 228 480 -- --

10. Dissolved

Oxygen (DO) mg/L 4.5 4.0 3.7 3.8 4.2 4.8 4.0 -- --

11.

Biological

Oxygen

Demand

(BOD)

mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL -- --

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Sr

No.

Test

Parameters

Units


Project Site

Borewell-1

near Spray

pond (GW1)

Project Site

Borewell-2

near Admin

Buld.(GW2)

Andhatri

(GW3)

(Bore well)

Buhari

(GW4)

(Bore well)

Umarkui

(GW5)

(Bore well)

Gheriyavav

(GW6)

(Bore well)

Valod (GW7)


12.

Chemical

Oxygen

Demand

(COD)

mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL -- --

13.

Total

Coliform

(TC)

CFU/1

00 ml Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

14. E. Coli MPN/1

00 ml Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

15.

Total

Hardness (as

CaCO3)

mg/L 545.0 304.0 316.0 268.0 274.0 299.8 335.0 200 600

16. Calcium

Hardness mg/L 443.0 224.0 250.0 198.0 218.0 242.3 255.0 -- --

17. Magnesium

Hardness mg/L 102.0 80.0 66.0 70.0 56.0 57.5 80.0 -- --

18.

Total

Alkalinity

(as CaCO3)

mg/L 405.0 364.0 351.0 338.0 343.0 315.0 360.0 200 600

19. Carbonate mg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- --

20. Bi-Carbonate mg/L 148 124 108 112 115 121 109 -- --

21. Sodium (as

Na) mg/L 230 225 212 218 206 210 222 -- --

22. Potassium (as

K) mg/L 8.8 7.5 4.1 2.4 1.7 1.3 3.5 -- --

23. Magnesium

(as Mg) mg/L 65 39 30 28 23.5 32 41 30 100

24. Calcium (as

Ca) mg/L 104 62.4 53.5 54.8 46.12 43.32 55.23 75 200

25. Chloride (as

Cl) mg/L 90 88 82 72 78 70 89 250 1000

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Sr

No.

Test

Parameters

Units


Project Site

Borewell-1

near Spray

pond (GW1)

Project Site

Borewell-2

near Admin

Buld.(GW2)

Andhatri

(GW3)

(Bore well)

Buhari

(GW4)

(Bore well)

Umarkui

(GW5)

(Bore well)

Gheriyavav

(GW6)

(Bore well)

Valod (GW7)


26. Sulphates (as

SO4) mg/L 285 278 259 254.0 266 272 280 200 400

27. Phosphate (as

PO4) mg/L 1.19 1.15 0.90 0.95 0.82 0.74 1.01 -- --

28. Nitrate (as

NO3) mg/L 26.1 22.7 20.3 18.7 19.2 16.5 21.6 45

No

Relaxation

29. Fluoride (as

F) mg/L 0.30 0.25 0.15 0.12 0.16 0.18 0.2 1 1.5

30. Boron (as B) mg/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.5 1

31. Iron (as Fe) mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.3 No

Relaxation

32. Manganese

(as Mn) mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.1 0.3

33. Lead (as Pb) mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01 No

Relaxation

34. Copper (as

Cu) mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 1.5

35. Zinc (as Zn) mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 5 15

36. Arsenic (as

As) mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01 0.05

37. Chromium as

Cr mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL -- --

38. Hexavalent

Chromium mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL -- --

39. Phenol mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL -- --

40. Nickel mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL -- --

41. Ammonical

Nitrogen mg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- --

BDL = Below Detection Limit,

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Table 3-10: Surface Water Quality

Sr.

No.

Test Parameters

Units


Purna River

near Buhari

(SW1)

Canal near

Ghani (SW2)

Olan River

(SW3)

Kasvav Pond

(SW4) Desirable Permissible

1 pH - 8.2 7.8 7.9 7.7 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation

2 Temperature °C 35 33 32 32 -- --

3 Colour Pt-Co. BDL BDL BDL BDL 5 15

4 Odor -- Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

5 Taste - Non -Agreeable Agreeable Non-Agreeable Non-Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

6 Turbidity NTU 2.3 3.4 2.8 3.3 1 5

7 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L 77 68 65 72 -- --

8 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L 296 224 268 255 500 2000

9 Electrical Conductivity (EC) µS/cm 429 325 389 370 -- --

10 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L 4.5 5.5 4.8 5.3 -- --

11 Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/L 14 BDL 11.5 BDL -- --

12 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/L 28 5.5 26.8 5.7 -- --

13 Total Coliform (TC) CFU/100

ml 53 34 50 42 Absent Absent

14 Faecal Coliform (FC) CFU/100


15 E. Coli MPN/100


16 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/L 163.8 197.8 155.2 176.9 200 600

17 Calcium Hardness mg/L 101.45 127.36 95.44 112.33 -- --

18 Magnesium Hardness mg/L 62.34 70.45 59.78 64.58 -- --

19 Total Alkalinity ( as CaCO3) mg/L 156.50 147.25 152.78 134.64 200 600

20 Sodium (as Na) mg/L 41.23 38.34 36.21 44.26 -- --

21 Potassium (as K) mg/L 4.50 3.75 5.30 3.30 -- --

22 Magnesium (as Mg) mg/L 22.50 31.67 32.33 24.13 30 100

23 Calcium (as Ca) mg/L 38.27 40.21 36.41 40.89 49.38 200

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Sr.

No.

Test Parameters

Units


Purna River

near Buhari

(SW1)

Canal near

Ghani (SW2)

Olan River

(SW3)

Kasvav Pond

(SW4) Desirable Permissible

24 Chloride (as Cl) mg/L 58.25 75.27 58.37 90.86 250 1000

25 Sulphates (as SO4) mg/L 33.31 19.23 30.76 15.27 200 400

26 Total Phosphorous (as P) mg/L 0.58 0.31 0.53 0.26 -- --

27 Phosphate (as PO4) mg/L 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 -- --

28 Nitrate (as NO3) mg/L 1.4 2.1 1.1 1.9 45 No Relaxation

29 Nitrite (as NO2) mg/L 1.5 2.3 1.7 2.1 -- --

30 Fluoride (as F) mg/L 0.31 0.61 0.23 0.55 1 1.5

31 Boron (as B) mg/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.5 1

32 Iron (as Fe) mg/L 0.14 0.14 BDL 0.12 0.3 No Relaxation

33 Manganese (as Mn) mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.1 0.3

34 Lead (as Pb) mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01 No Relaxation

35 Copper (as Cu) mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 1.5

36 Zinc (as Zn) mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL 5 15

37 Total Chromium (as Cr) mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL -- --

Note: BDL = Below Detection Limit,

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3.4.3 Discussion on results and its interpretation (Ground Water)

The Physico-chemical characteristics of the ground water collected for analysis has been are presented in

the Table 3-9 GW quality summary i.e. monitoring, minimum value, maximum value, and 98th percentile

values with location is mentioned in Table 3-11

Table 3-11: Summary for Ground Water Quality

Criteria Pollutants Unit Maximum

Value

Minimum

Value

98

Percentile

Value

Prescribed

Standard

pH - 7.60 7.10 7.59 No

Relaxation

Temperature °C 32.0 29.0 31.9 --

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L 10.0 8.0 10.0 --

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L 878 143 845 2000

Electrical Conductivity (EC) µS/cm 1255 228 1216 --

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L 4.8 3.7 4.8 --

Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/L 545 268 522 600

Calcium Hardness mg/L 443 198 424 --

Magnesium Hardness mg/L 102 56 100 --

Total Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/L 405 315 401 600

Bi-Carbonate mg/L 148 108 146 --

Sodium (as Na) mg/L 230 206 230 --

Potassium (as K) mg/L 9 1 9 --

Magnesium (as Mg) mg/L 65.0 23.5 62.4 100

Calcium (as Ca) mg/L 104.0 43.3 99.8 200

Chloride (as Cl) mg/L 90.0 70.0 89.8 1000

Sulphates (as SO4) mg/L 285.0 254.0 284.3 400

Phosphate (as PO4) mg/L 1.19 0.74 1.19 --

Nitrate (as NO3) mg/L 26.10 16.45 25.76 No

Relaxation

Fluoride (as F) mg/L 0.3 0.1 - 2

Most of the ground water found within study area is feasible to potable use and fresh water development is

observed approx. 23%. Excess runoff of GW is due to rocky topography of study area. Project site and

study are fall under safe zone of ground water withdrawal and WTB is observed 15 – 20 mtr. During

summer season water table level is deeper than normal condition. Physio-chemical analysis and secondary

sources shows that hardness and TDS range from 520 to 550 mg/L and 150 – 900 mg/L respectively.

Ground water in the region is found slightly alkaline in nature, with presence of bicarbonates. Weathering

and leaching of F- bearing minerals under the alkaline conditions favors the high F- concentration.

Presence of low calcium hardness, high bicarbonates and some anthropogenic factors such as intensive and

long-term irrigation, heavy use of fertilizers are the supplementary factors to further enhance the F-

concentrations in the groundwater. No industrial activities observed in study area, hence trace of heavy

metal has been not observed in analysis.

From the above discussion it is concluded that GW quality of the study area conform the standards for

drinking water e. However it is suggested to use GW for potable purpose only after proper treatment.

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3.4.4 Discussion on results and its interpretation (Surface Water)

The Physico-chemical characteristics of the surface water collected for analysis has been are presented in

the Table 3-10. SW quality summary i.e. monitoring, minimum value, maximum value, and 98th percentile

values with location is mentioned in Table 3-12

Table 3-12: Summary for Surface Water Quality

Criteria Pollutants Unit Maximum

Value

Minimum

Value

98

Percentile

Value

Prescribed

Standard

pH - 8.20 7.70 8.18 No

Relaxation

Temperature °C 35.0 32.0 34.9 --

Turbidity NTU 3.4 2.3 3.4 5

Total Solid (TS) mg/L 373 0 369 --

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L 77 65 77 --

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L 296 224 294 2000

Electrical Conductivity (EC) µS/cm 429.2 324.8 426.8 --

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L 5.5 4.5 5.5 --

Biological Oxygen Demand

(BOD) mg/L 14.0 11.5 14.0 --

Chemical Oxygen Demand

(COD) mg/L 28.0 5.5 27.9 --

Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/L 198 155 197 600

Calcium Hardness mg/L 127.4 95.4 126.5 --

Magnesium Hardness mg/L 70.5 59.8 70.1 --

Total Alkalinity ( as CaCO3) mg/L 157 135 156 600

Sodium (as Na) mg/L 44.3 36.2 44.1 --

Potassium (as K) mg/L 5.3 3.3 5.3 --

Magnesium (as Mg) mg/L 32.3 22.5 32.3 100

Calcium (as Ca) mg/L 40.9 36.4 40.8 200

Chloride (as Cl) mg/L 90.9 58.3 89.9 1000

Sulphates (as SO4) mg/L 33.3 15.3 33.2 400

Total Phosphorous (as P) mg/L 0.6 0.3 0.6 --

Nitrate (as NO3) mg/L 2.1 1.1 2.1 No

Relaxation

Nitrite (as NO2) mg/L 2.3 1.5 2.3 --

Purna and Jhankhari are perennial rivers flowing 1.12 km in SSW direction and 4.19 km in north direction

from PS respectively. Tributary from perennial rivers are source of water supply within study area. During

the baseline monitoring less amount of water observed in Purna River. Ukai left canal is secondary source

of irrigation and other activities in study area. Water line of Ukai left canal provide water to ponds in the

area. No clothing and bathing activities observed at pond as well as at canal. Baseline study results reveals

that, pond and rivers located in study area should be treated before using it for drinking purpose.

Contamination in surface water is not identified during analysis as there were no industrial activities in

surrounding area which may cause contamination. Physico-chemical analysis shows presence of coli form,

although it is very low. Surface water quality is well with in the stipulated drinking water standards.

From the above discussion it is concluded that SW quality of the study area from which samples were

collected are conform the standards for drinking water.

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3.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Noise is unpleasant, unexpected, or undesired with various frequencies over the audible range due to the

regular activities of the mankind. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly evolved from

Industries, constructions and transportation systems, including motor vehicle noise, aircraft noise and rail

noise, poor urban planning may give rise to noise pollution.

Industrial Noise resulting to noise pollution has many reasons such as industries being close to human

habitats which prevent the noise from decaying before it reaches human ear.

A determination is made of the micro scale impact by predicting anticipated noise levels for each

alternative during both construction and operational phases. Predicted noise levels are compared with

applicable standards or criteria in order to assess the impact.

The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of frequency. Noise in general sound

comprises of many frequency components with different variations in loudness over the audible frequency

range.

The objective of noise pollution survey around the project site was to identify existing noise sources and to

measure background noise levels. The study was carried out in the following steps:

Reconnaissance

Identification of noise sources and measurement of noise levels

Measurement of transportation and community noise levels

Monitoring of noise is done by identifying suitable number of noise quality monitoring locations.

Background noise quality is monitored in dB (A) Leq (d) and dB (A) Leq (n) at the selected locations.

Ambient noise level monitoring was done at same locations where ambient air monitoring was carried out

within a study area. The locations are away from the major roads and major noise sources so as to measure

ambient noise levels. One day monitoring was carried out at all the locations. The frequency of monitoring

was set at an interval of one hour for 24-hours.

Table 3-13: Noise Monitoring Methodology

Environment

Component

Sampling

frequency Methodology

Sample collection Sampling

Parameter Sampling

equipment Range Resolution

Ambient

Noise

Once during the

study

(Hourly

reading for 24

hours at each

location)

IS: 9989-

1991

Sound

level meter

30 dB(A)

to 130

dB(A)

0.1 dB Decibels –

dB (A)

Equivalent Sound Levels or Equivalent Continuous Equal Energy Level (Leq)

There is large number of noise scales and rating methods based on some sort of average of weighted

average quantities derived from the detailed noise characteristics. Equivalent sound levels or Equivalent

continuous equal energy level (Leq) is a statistical value of sound pressure level that can be equated to any

fluctuating noise level and forms a useful measure of noise exposure and forms basis of several of the

noise indices used presently.

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Leq is defined as the constant noise level, which over a given time, expands the same amount of energy, as

is expanded by the fluctuating level over the same time. This value is expressed by the equation:

Leq = 10 log (10) Li/10

ti

Where,

n = Total number of sound samples,

Li = the noise level of any ith

sample

ti = Time duration of ith sample,

Expressed as fraction of total sample time

Leq has gained wide spread acceptance as a scale for the measurement of long term noise exposure. Hourly

equipment noise levels in the identified impact zone are monitored for day and time separately using sound

level meter. All the values are reported in Leq and in case of equipment noise, Sound pressure level are

monitored 1.5 m away from the machine and assessed with respect to standard prescribed in factory Act.

3.5.1 Noise Monitoring Locations

Ambient noise monitoring was carried out 10 km study area. Sensitive locations (as defined in The Noise

Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and its subsequent amendments) were identified and

ambient monitoring was done at a distance more than 100 m from the identified location.

Table 3-14: Ambient Noise Quality Standards for Different Areas/Zones

Ambient Air Quality

Standards

in Respect of Noise

Area

Code Category

Limits in dB(A) Leq4

Day Time

(6 am to 10

pm)

Night Time

(10 pm to 6

am)

The Noise Pollution

(Regulation and

Control)

Rules, 2000 and its

subsequent

amendments

A Industrial 75.0 70.0

B Commercial 65.0 55.0

C Residential 55.0 45.0

D Silence5 50.0 45.0

Keeping in view of various local activities such as residential and Industrial activities 6 noise level

measurement locations were identified and the sites are mentioned in Table 3-15 Google image showing

monitoring locations is depicted as Figure 3-7 while monitoring photograph is incorporated as photograph

- Recorded noise levels are given in Photograph 3-3

4 dB (A) Leq*: denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A which is

relatable to human hearing. 5Area comprising not less than 100 mt around Hospitals, educational institutions, courts, religious places or

any other area which is declared as such by the competent authority.

i=n

i=1

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Table 3-15: Noise Monitoring Locations

Code Sampling

Location Category

Latitude

Longitude

Distance of possible Noise Source

from the selected location

N1 Project Site Residential 20°59'38.00"N

73°17'53.00"E

Vehicular movement on SH – 5 @

280 mtr.

N2 Buhari

Residential

and

commercial

20°58'13.00"N

73°18'28.00"E

Vehicular movement on village

road @ 150 mtr.

N3 Andhatri Residential 20°58'3.00"N

73°17'57.00"E

Vehicular movement and public

noise at Grampanchayat office @

150 meter.

N4 Valod

Residential

and

commercial

21° 3'7.00"N

73°16'13.00"E

Vehicular movement on SH – 176

@ 400 meter.

N5 Jamaniya Residential 20°58'10.00"N

73°14'16.00"E

Vehicular movement on village

road

N6 Gheriyavav Residential 21° 0'18.00"N

73°19'47.00"E

Vehicular movement on junction of

village road

TN1

Traffic noise at

SH5 Towards

Golan

- 21° 0'16.79"N

73°17'8.66"E Vehicular movement on SH – 5

TN2

Traffic noise at

SH5 Towards

Buhari

- 20°59'12.45"N

73°18'5.69"E Vehicular movement on SH – 5

Figure 3-7: Google Image Showing Noise Sampling Locations

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Valod Andhatri

Gheriyavav Project Site

Photograph 3-3 Noise Monitoring

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Table 3-16: Noise Levels

Code Sampling

Location

Date of

November –

2018

Category

Noise level dB(A)

Leq

Day Time

Noise level dB(A) Leq

Night Time

Recorded Limits Recorded Limits

N1 Project Site 2.3.19 to 3.3.2019 Industrial 68 75 58 70

N2 Buhari 2.3.19 to 3.3.2019 Residential and

Commercial 63 65 48 55

N3 Andhatri 4.3.2019 to

5.3.2019 Residential 50 55 38 45

N4 Valod 2.3.19 to 3.3.2019 Residential and

Commercial 58 65 50 55

N5 Jamania 4.3.2019 to

5.3.2019 Residential 51 55 41 45

N6 Gheriyavav 4.3.2019 to

5.3.2019 Residential 48 55 43 45

Table 3-17: Noise level due to transportation

Code Date Time

Noise Level in dB(A)

10 m from Edge of

The Road

20 m From Edge of

The Road

TN1 4.3.2019 to 5.3.2020 Day 50 48

Night 41 40

TN2 4.3.2019 to 5.3.2020 Day 49 47

Night 42 40

3.5.2 Discussion of Noise Levels

The noise level measured in study area at different residential and commercial locations is given in Table

3-16. The noise level (max.,min.,98th percentile in study area in daytime and night time is summarized in

Table 3-18. Traffic noise during day time at monitoring location ranges from 49.1 - 68.3 dB(A).

Table 3-18: Summery for Noise level

Criteria

Pollutant

Maximum value

dB(A) Leq

Minimum value

dB(A) Leq

98th

percentile Value

Leq (Day) 58.5 45.8 58.04

Leq (Night) 44.2 40.1 44.06

Noise level found higher at project site is due to vehicular movement on SH – 5 and industrial activities

within premises. Vehicular movement on internal village road is not so frequent, hence noise is recorded

accordingly.

3.5.3 Traffic Study

To determine current traffic volumes on the road, the traffic studies have been accomplished. This study

will give an idea about expected future traffic volumes as a part of overall impact assessment for the

project. The traffic densities may vary based on working days and time, and also may vary in day and night

times. This survey was conducted during peak hours of normal working day to get a clear picture of traffic

density.

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3.5.3.1 Traffic Survey Location

BLM has been conducted during March to May – 2019 i.e. Summer season. Vehicular movement during

off cane crushing season is very less. Although we have conducted traffic survey at junction of SH – 5

which is approach road for CCSL and during cane crushing season most of trucks carry sugar cane used

these road. SH – 5 is located 280 meter from PS in West direction. Location of survey is shown in Figure

3-8 Photograph of traffic study is depicted as Photograph 3-3 Noise Monitoring

Figure 3-8: Google Image Showing Location of Traffic Survey

3.5.3.2 Methodology

Vehicular Count : The vehicles moving in both the directions were counted continuously for 24 hours at

junction mentioned above. The vehicles were counted every hour and recorded under respective category

during peak and lean hours. Based on counted vehicles data analysis has been done and derive the

Passenger Car Units (PCU). It is daily traffic density for the location was monitored.

Categorization of Traffic: The vehicles were categorized under various heads like large trailer, heavy

motor vehicles (buses, trucks and tankers etc.), light motor vehicles (cars, jeeps, tempo etc.), three

wheelers (auto rickshaws,) two wheelers (scooters, motor cycles, bicycles etc.).

3.5.3.3 Traffic Count:

Daily traffic density in terms of Passenger Car Units (PCU) for the locations were monitored during the

study period and summarized in below table along with % of composition of the vehicles. It was observed

that the Car, Jeep, Pickup Van, auto rickshaw and 2 Wheelers forms the major volume of the traffic, while

truck and buses contribute second large volume of the traffic. The present level of traffic in terms of PCU

at these study locations as per the conversion factors stipulated by Indian Road Congress (IRC) is

presented below Table 3-19:

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Table 3-19: Traffic Counts (up and down)

Type of Vehicles

PCU

Factor as

per Indian

Road

Code

Peak hr. Traffic (nos.) at SH - 5 Peak hr.

Traffic

(PCU) at

SH - 5

Towards Buhari Towards Golan

Large Trailer 3 0 0 0

Heavy (Bus, Truck, etc) 3 15 8 69

Medium (Tractors, light commercial

vehicles etc) 3 10 5 45

Light (Car, Jeep, Pickup Van etc.) 1 30 20 50

3 Wheeler (Rickshaw) 1 20 13 33

2 Wheeler

(Scooter, motorcycle, cycle etc) 0.5 50 32 41

Total 125 78 238

Road type Single road without divider

Capacity as per IRC (PCU‟s /h) 1000

Existing total volume during peak hr (PCU) 238

Existing volume / capacity ratio 0.24

Level of Service “B” (Very Good)

Table 3-20: Level of Service

Sr. No. Existing volume /

capacity ratio Level of Service

1. 0.0 to 0.2 “A” (Excellent)

2. 0.2 to 0.4 “B” (Very good)

3. 0.4 to 0.6 “C” (Good)

4. 0.6 to 0.8 “D” (Fair)

5. 0.8 to 1.0 “E” (Poor)

3.5.3.4 Discussion

Traffic scenario shown in above table reveals the LOS (Levels of Service) as “B” Very Good for the SH –

5. Frequency of vehicular movement observed low during study. Maximum use of the said road during the

period October to February as sugar cane from surrounding village were come to sugar plant during this

period. Although level of service calculated during seasons comes 0.40, which is again fall under category

“B”.

3.6 SOIL ENVIRONMENT

The soil found in the study area is of Clay Loam and Loam type and porosity ranging between 36.55 to 50

%. The main sources of irrigation are Ukai canal water, river and Borewell. The main crops cultivated are

paddy, sorghum, sugarcane, groundnut and Cotton etc. Fruit crops are Mango, Sapota, Banana, Papaya,

Custerd apple etc. Hotricutural vegetables grown in the area are Okra, brinjal. Onion, chili, tamato etc.

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Disturbed soil samples were collected from the rotary cuttings and bailers and also from split spoon

samplers. Un-disturbed tube samples were collected using thin walled tubes. Soil samples were collected

such that structure and moisture content of the soil do not get altered. In accordance with IS: 2720, split

samples were carefully extracted from the samplers.

Meticulous attention was paid to collect adequate amount of composite soil samples for analysis. The

samples were packed in dependable, waterproof containers and marking specified accurately and distinctly.

All the soil samples and core boxes were carefully transported to the testing laboratory.

Soil samples were analyzed for physical (Texture, Bulk Density, Porosity and Water Holding Capacity),

and chemical (pH, Electrical Conductivity, Exchangeable Sodium Percentage, Cation Exchange Capacity,

Ca, Mg, Na, K, OC, available N,P and K) properties by using methodologies listed in Table 3-21 below:

Table 3-21: Methodology of Testing of Soil Samples

Sr.

No. Parameter Test Method

1 Particle size Distribution --

2 Texture UERL/CHM/LTM/108

3 Bulk Density UERL/CHM/LTM/105

4 Porosity

5 Water holding capacity UERL/CHM/LTM/106

6 Organic carbon (OC) IS 2720 (Part 22): 1972 (RA 2010)

7 Water Soluble Potassium as

K

UERL/CHM/LTM/84; Issue No.: 01

Issue Date: 01/03/2014

8 Calcium as Ca2+

UERL/CHM/LTM/88

Based on Methods Manual of Soil Testing in India by

Ministry of Agriculture, GOI, 2011 9 Magnesium as Mg2+

10 Water Soluble Sodium as Na UERL/CHM/LTM/89; Issue No.: 01

Issue Date: 01/03/2014

11 Cation Exchange Capacity UERL/CHM/LTM/79

12 Exchangeable Sodium

Percentage UERL/CHM/LTM/104

13 pH IS 2720 (Part 26)

14 Electrical Conductivity IS 14767

15 Available Nitrogen UERL/CHM/LTM/80

16 Available Potassium UERL/CHM/LTM/93

17 Available Phosphorus UERL/CHM/LTM/82/83

For soil quality analysis 6 sampling sites were chosen based source of irrigation, crops/cropping intensity

and soil gradient, to understand Physic-chemical and biological status of the soil. Soil samples were

collected jointly by EIA team and laboratory team on 3.5.19. The sampling sites are depicted in Table

3-22 analysis results are given in Table 3-23. Soil sampling location on Google image depicted as Figure

3-9 which soil sampling photo included as Photograph 3-4

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Table 3-22: Soil Sampling Location

Code Location GPS Coordinates Distance Direction

S1 Project Site 20°59'38.00"N

73°17'55.00"E - -

S2 Andhatri 20°57'44.00"N

73°17'60.00"E 3.51 South

S3 Gheriyavav 21° 0'18.00"N

73°19'45.00"E 3.42 ENE

S4 Umarkui 21° 1'2.00"N

73°20'9.00"E 4.72 NE

S5 Ghani 20°56'24.00"N

73°18'20.00"E 6.05 South

S6 Valod 21° 3'9.33"N

73°16'13.91"E 7.11 NNW

Figure 3-9: Google Image Showing Soil Sampling Locations

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Ghani Andhatri

Project Site Umarkui

Photograph 3-4 Soil Sampling

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Table 3-23: Physicochemical Characteristics of the Soil

Sr.

No. Test Parameters Units

Project site

(S1)

Andhatri

(S2)

Gheriyavav

(S3)

Umarkui

(S4)

Ghani

(S5)

Valod

(S6)

soil sampling date 03-05-2019 03-05-2019 03-05-2019 03-05-2019 03-05-2019 03-05-2019

1 Particle size Distribution

Qualitative

a Sand 35 32 35 30 30 28

b Silt 32 25 37 25 34 32

c Clay 33 43 28 45 36 40

2 Texture Loam Clay Loam Loam Clay Clay loam Clay

3 Bulk Density g/cc 1.45 1.31 1.36 1.42 1.38 1.32

4 Porosity % 45.3 50.6 48.7 46.4 47.9 50.2

5 Water holding capacity % 30.12 32.4 34.5 35.54 40.23 32.4

6 Organic carbon (OC) % 0.72 0.6 0.58 0.42 0.8 0.65

7 Pottasium as K mg/kg 1023.0 298.0 1807.0 1634.0 1874.0 1741.0

8 Calcium as Ca mg/kg 471.0 503.0 429.0 437.0 514.0 537.0

9 Magnesium as Mg mg/kg 213.0 242.0 184.0 207.0 189.0 197.0

10 Sodium as Na mg/kg 31.2 40.2 39.5 42.2 37.5 34.2

11 pH - 8.41 7.41 7.64 7.4 6.97 7.9

12 Electrical Conductivity µS/cm 250 251 234 310 300 270

13 Available Potassium mg/kg 82.3 107.2 87.9 101.7 110.2 97.6

14 Available Phosphorus mg/kg 11 12.8 13.2 6.3 10.9 9.2

15 Exchangeable sodium % 1.29 1.24 1.29 1.21 1.23 1.28

Documents

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND EMP