ARQUIVOS DO MUSEU BOCAGE

Nova Série, Vol III, N.o 19, pp. 503 - 528 30 de Maio de 2003

FIFTH REPORT ON BIRDS FROM THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS,

INCLUDING RECORDS OF 15 TAXA NEW TO THE

ARCHIPELAGO

CORNELlS J. HAZEVOET (')

INTRODUCTION

This is lhe fifth supplemenl lo The birds oflhe Cape Verde Islands (HAZEVOET, 1995). Previous updates were presented by HAZEVOET( 1997, 1998, I 999a) and HAZEVOET el 01. ( 1996). Most data in lhe currenl report concem lhe years 1999-2002, but records fmm earlie r years lhat came to light after lhe pub licat ion ofprevious supplements are also included.

With an ever increasi ng number af naturalists visiting lhe islands, it is not surpr ising lhal reeords of ' new' taxa can be added to the Cape Verde I ist al a steady rate. Addi tiona lly, several taxa lhat were on ly rare ly recorded in lhe past are n QW

known to be regular visitors. The growing interest in lhe birds af lhe Cape Verde Islands prov ides an exce llent opportunity to leam more aboLlt lhe temporal and spatial distribution ofboth lhe resident and migrant av ifa una and it is hoped lhat observers wi]] continue to submit their records for inc lusion in these reports.

As detai led be low, the situation of seve ra l ofthe endemic breeding birds is less promising. Whi le some are on the brink of extinct ion (e.g. Ardea bournei), others (e.g. Mi/vlIs fosciicauda) may already have been gone forever. Attempts ove r the past

(I) M useu e Laboratório Zoológico c An tropológico (Museu Bocage). Museu N acional de lIistór ia Natural. Ruada Escola Politécnica 58.1250- 102 Lisboa. Portugal (cjhazcvoc t@ fc_uLpt)

504 Cornelis J. Hazevoel

decades to deve lop progralTImcs and proj ects to safeguard the rarer endemic birds have had liule or no effeel. This is at least part ly due to the laek ofloeal naturalists as we l! as to lhe absence Df non-govcrnmental organi sat ions concerned with lhe preservatiol1 ofnature and biodivers ity. Moreover, conservation ofthe rcmaining and impoverished endemic fauna has clearly n01 becn high 011 the agenda of subsequent Cape Verde governmenls and environmcntal awarcness among the population is minimal or absent. Nevertheless and against ali odds, a handful Df devoted expatriatc workers continue with their allcmpts to raise local interest in lhese issues and wc can on ly hope that their elforts will be rewarded one day.

Unless stated otherwise, genera l data on distribution , status, numberofrecords, etc. in the following are taken from HAZEVOET ( 1995, 1997, 1998, I 999a) and HAZEVOET et aI. ( 1996). ln lhe taxon accounts, islands are li sted in clock-wisc arder, starting wi th lhe main island o fSanti ago. Taxonomy follows HAZEVOET ( 1995) and SANGSTER el ai. ( 1999). As in previous reports, reeords ofrare taxa were serutinized by Helder Costa (Portuguese rarit ies committee), C.S. Rose laar (Dutch rarities committee), and the author.

Abbreviations used to indicate observers are as follo ws: BA - Bud Anderson; BC - Max Berlijn & Tony Clarke; BF - Leo Boon & Tommy Frandsen; C D - Co lin Dodsworth el ai.; HB - I-Ian Blankert; JPS - Jean-Philippe Siblct el ai.; MHK - Manrred & Heidi Koeh; MP - Marce l Peters el ai.; PC - Pau l Carler; PD - Pau l Donald el aI.; PG - Phil ippe Genicz; TRS - Tito & Rafa Sa lvadores.

BREEDING BIRDS

ln this seclion , additional data 0 11 Cape Verde breeding birds are presented, including range expansions wi thin lh e archipelago, new breeding sites, data 011 rare endemic taxa, new ar rare rccords for a part icular island, as we ll as other noteworthy observat ions.

Phaethon aelhereus LINNAEUS, 1758

SANTO ANTÃO: a 5mall colony af about 10 pairs along lhe coast c. 3 km narth af Tarrafal, 17 April 200 I (JPS).

This follows the earlier repol1 of c. 15 birds in lhe samc area in February 1995 and constilules a hitherto unknown breeding site of Red-billed T ropi cbird, the only one known 011 Santo Antão.

Ardea cinerea L1NNAEUS, 1758

SANTO A NTÃO: a nest with youllg a1 Tarrafal, 2 Ju ne 2000 (PALACIOS & BARONE,

200 1), and agai n a breedillg pair the re, 17 Apri l 200 1 (JPS). Grey Heron is a not

Fifih reporl on birds from lhe Cape Verde Islands 505

uncommon migrant visitor to the Cape Verde Islands, but these are the firs t breeding record s.

Ardea bournei DE NAUROIS, 1966

Counts of the endcmic heran in lhe colony at Banana, Ribeira Montanha, Sant iago, in the years 2000-2002, yie lded the fo llowing resu lts: e ight adul ts and 10 j uveni les, 15 March 2000 (BC), six adults and four j uveniles, 28 Decembcr 2000 (HB), eight (including juveniles), with about fi ve out of c. 15 nests appearing busy, 9 November 200 I (PC), eight adults and six j uveniles, 29 November-I December 200 I, wh ile young in one nest were sti ll being fcd and adults were busy bui lding nests for a second brood (MP), and at least 13- 15 ( including juveniles), 2 March 2002 (BF) .

Due to abundant rai ns during the last months of 1999 and 200 I, the food situation \Vas probab ly rather favou rab le and breeding at the Banana co lony appears to have becn re latively successfu l. At Boa Entrada, lhe only other knowll breeding site 011

Santiago, a dead but full grown young and tWQ possibly recently uscd nests were found, 15 March 2000 (BC). During subsequent visits on 28 December 2000 (HB), 20 Apr il 200 I (JPS), 7 November 200 I (PC), 30 November 200 I (MP), and 2 March 2002 (B F), no herons were present and the co lony has apparent ly been abandoned, probably du e to the co nstant ha rassme nt by yo uth fro m the nea rby v ill age and ot her d istu rbances, inc luding shooting (cf. HAZEVOET, 1999a).

Today lhe entire popu latioll ofthe endemic heron appcars to be concentrated at the Banana co lony. The taxon may ncvcr have been particularly numerous, but during the 1960s the popu lation numbered at least c. 100 birds (HAZEVOET, 1992, 1995). A co lony at São Dom ingos, \Vhich he ld 30 pairs in 1963 and 50-60 pairs in 1966, d isappeared in the early 1970s when the trees were fe lled. At present the tota l population does probab ly not exceed c. 20 birds . The news that villagers at Banana had caught and eaten at least 10 herons during the fi rst months o f 2000 (HAZEVOET, 200 I) is not particularly encouraging in this respect.

Milvus fasciicauda I-IARTERT, 19 14 Milv us migra ns (BODDAERT, 1783)

SANTO ANTÃO: seven sightings or kites ( Iargest group-size tive) in the Ribeira Grande area, 24 March-6 Apri! 1998, were inferred to befasciicallda(BA). SÃo VICENTE: two ki tes near Mi ndelo, 12 March 2000, were said to be ei th er fasci icallda or jasciicauda x migrans (Be). RAso-BRANCO: one migrans f1y ing ove r sea bel ween lhe islets, 25 February 2002 (CD) . BOAVISTA : a kite near Cabeço de Tarafes-Morro Negro, 15 July 1997 (PG; GEN IEZ & LOPEZ-JURADO, 1998), was cl aimed to befasciicallda. ln addit ion, there were reports of four kites on Boav ista and up to 10 on Maio in Ju ly­August 200 I, a lleged ly inc lud ing fasciicallda, migrans, as well as hybrids fasciica llda x migrans (P. LOPEZ SUAREzper BF) .

506 Cornelis J. Hazevoet

ln view of the taxonom ic complexity of the Cape Verde kite s ituat ion (cf. OE

NAUROIS, 1972; HAlEVOET 1995), ali ofthese records shou ld be viewed cautiously as to

which taxa were involved. ln facl it may we ll be the case lhat the few kites surviving in lhe Cape Verdes cannot be ass igned to any spec ies-Ieve l taxoll in part icular, with individua is showing a varying mixture of characters ofboth migrans andfasciicauda.

The current s ituation of fasciicauda and migrans in lhe Cape Verdes was

discussed by HILLE & T" 'OLLAV (2000), who concluded that both are in immediate

danger ofextinction ifnol already 'techn ica lly extinct', Surveys 011 ali maio islands, ex ce pt São Nicolau and Maio, in March-June 1999 resulted in only twofasciicauda be ing detccted on Santo Antão and a single migrans on Boavista ( H rLLE & Tt'1I0LLAY,

2000). The records reported above may thus provide a last g limmer of hope for the

surviva l ofkites in lhe Cape Verdes. Attcmpts to capture the kites present on Boavista in the summer of200 1 for an envisioned captive breed ing programme were unsuccessful (cf. WATSON, 200 I ; WILLMARTH, 200 I).

Buteo banne rma ni SWANN, 19 19

ln the years 1999-2002, the usual numbers ( 1-5) ofbuzzards were reported fTom

the interior Of SANTIAGO and from northem SANTOANTÀO (BC, BF, J PS, MP, BARONE el

01., 1999). Espec ially intriguing was the sighting ofa buzzard near Pico Santo António, BOAVISTA, 25 March 200 I (BA).

Although sma ll and probab ly not exceed ing a tota l of some tens of pairs, the

populat ions on Sant iago and Santo Antão appear to be re lative ly stab le, with no

s igni ficant tluctuations being apparent duri ng the last decades. Other recent (i.e.

post- 1980) records are from Fogo (2), Brava ( I), and São N icolau ( I) , but there have as

yet been no ind ications ofbreeding there. The bUllard probab ly bred on São N icolau

until at least lhe late 1960s. Furthermore, there are old records ofspec imens collected on São Vicente (19 13) and Boavista ( 1897, 1924). The two specimens from Boavista are

ofspecial interest because the first was prov isionally identified as Buleo cirtensis by JAMES ( 1984), while the other is a juvenile, indicating local breed ing. The possibil ity remains lhat the buzzard seen on Boavista in March 200 I was a vagrant cirtensis from the African mainland rather lhan bannerlllani.

A recent study or phylogenetic relationships among various Palearct ic and Afrotropical buzzards based on cytochrome 6 gene sequences (CLOUET & WINK,

2000), showed that bannermani does not belong 10 the bll leo clade. Instead, bannermani shares a more recent common ancestry with the rllfinus-cirlensis group than with 6111eo, corroborati ng the view postulated by HAZEVOET (1995). Like the

kites, the bUllards of lhe Cape Verde Islands pose a taxonomi c puzzle that has as yet

not been resolved.

Fifih reporl 0 17 birds ji-om lhe Cape Verde Islands

Falco madens RIPLEY ANO WATSON, 1963

507

ln the years 1997 and 2000-2002, up to 25 sight ings ofthe endem ic peregrine were reported from SANTIAGO, FOGO, SANTO A NTÃO, RAso, SÃO NICOLAU, and B OAVISTA

(BA, BC, BF, MP, PD, PG). Clearly, madens is widespread in small numbers throughout lhe archipelago, especially in the mountainous regions. A lthough there are several records from Sal and Boavista , breed ing in these eastem islands has not becn confinned so far. Despite being widespread, the total population does probably not exceed a few tens of pairs. The status af madens was recently reviewed by ANDERSON & WHI TE

(2000).

Cursorius cursor (LATHAM, 1787)

RAso: one present, I I October 200 I (PD). Cream-coloured Courser is widespread on Santiago, São Vicente, São Nico lau, Sal, Boavista, and Maio, and has also been recorded on Santo Antão and Santa Luzia. There was only a single record from Raso ofa bird collected in May 1922.

Tytodctorta HARTERT, 1913

ILHÉUS DO ROMBO: an abandoned nest was found on Ilhéu Grande, 23 July 1997, and identified as that of a barn owl through the presence of pellets, an infertile egg, and a feather (PG; GENIEZ & LOPEZ-JuRADO, 1998). Little is known orthe breeding birds of Ilhéu Grande (wh ich are presumably few) and this is the first indication of delorla breeding there. BOAVISTA: surveys during 1999-200 I estab lished the presence of at least seven breeding pa irs on the island (SIVERIO el ai., in press). Previously, the barn owl was only known 011 Boavista frem pe llet finds and anecdota l ev idence. M AIO: a nest with a young was found near Cal heta, 25 March 2000 (SI VERia el ai. , in press) and one was seen at Vila de Maio, 20 October 2000 (BARONE el ai., 200 I). These are the first rccords for Maio .

Apus alexandri HARTERT, 190 I

IU·IÉus DO ROMUO: one observed for several hou rs on Ilhéu Grande, 23 July 1997, was secn enterillg a cli ffhole 011 severa! occasion s, thus suggesting breed ing on the islet (PG; GENIEZ & LOPEZ-J URADO, 1998).

Although the endemic swift is cOlTImon 0 11 nearby Brava and Fogo, there were no indicat ions for breeding in the Ilhéus do Rombo so faro

508 Carne/is J. Hazevoel

Erernopterix nigriceps (Gou ld, 1841)

SÃO VICENTE: five near Calhau, 28 September 1997 (PG; Geniez & López-J urado, 1998). RAso: a single female, I I October 200 I (PD). Sal: several singing males north of Baia da Mordeira, 4-6 and 17 November 1999 (M HK).

These are the first records of Black-crowned Finch Lark for São Vicente and Raso. The record from Sal is only lhe second observat ion for the island and fo llows the repoli ofsinging males there in October 1998. A locally common breeding bird on Santiago, Fogo, Boavista, and Maio, it has also been recorded on Brava, São N icolau, and Sal, but there is as yet no definitive proofofbreeding for the latter three islands. First recorded on São Nicolau during lhe 19705, the finch lark apparently continues its westward expansion into Raso and São Vicente.

Alaernon alaudipes (DESFONTAINES, 1789)

SAL: several north af Santa Maria, along the southeastern coast, and at Terra Boa, 10-24 March 200 I (MHK); one c. 3 km south ofthe airport, 19 Apri l 200 I (JPS); one near Santa Maria, 25 September 200 I (PD).

These observat ions prov ide further ev idence for the existence ofa small - but apparently expanding - populat ion on Sal, where it was first observed in 1995 and found breeding in October 1998. Elsewhere in the Cape Verde Islands, Hoopoe Lark is only known from Boavista and Maio, where it is common and widesprcad.

Hirundo rustica LINNAEUS, 1758

BOAVISTA: one or tWQ pairs were regularly observed enlering an abandoned

house at Sa l Rei , 9- 19 July 1997, with at least one bi rd carry ing food and/or nest ing material (PG; GENIEZ & LOPEZ-JURADO, 1998).

Even though breeding was not fully established, behaviour was strongly

suggesti ve of nesting activ ities. This is thc first record ofBarn Swa llow in July and

the first indicat ion ofbreeding in the Cape Verdes.

Delichon urbica (LINNA EUS, 1758)

BOAVISTA: two pairs were found breeding aI Sal Rei, 9-19 July 1997 (PG; GENIEZ & LOPEZ-JURADO, 1998).

T his constitu tes the first confirmed breeding ofHouse Martin in the Cape Verde

Islands. Previously, breeding had been reported from Brava in June 1982 (NORR EVANG

& DEN HARTOG, 1984), but th is was later wilhdrawn (DEN I-IARTOG, 1990).

Fifih reporl on birds ji-om lhe Cape Verde Islands

Acrocephalus brevipennis (Keu lemans, 1866)

509

SÃO NICOLAU: seven (tive ofwhich singing males) at Ribeira da Prata, 13 April 200 I (JPS); tive or s ix singing at Ribeira Tucudo, 6 October 200 I, and at least four singing at Ribeira da Prata, 17 October 200 I (PD).

The endemic warbler is only known from Santi ago, Brava, and São Nicolau. Until February 1998, when eight territories were located in lhe central mountain area, the only 20th century records from São Nico lau (the type locality) were ofthree birds co llected in 1924 and a singleton collected in 1970 (cC HAZEVOET el 01. , 1999). The Cane Warbler is locally not uncommon on Santiago, but was last reported from Brava in 1969 and its present status on lhat island remains uncertain.

Passer hispaniolens is (TEMMINCK, 1820)

SANTO ANTÃO: one at Tarrafal, 17 Apri l200 I (JPS). 50 farthe on ly tinn evidence of the occurrencc of Spanish Sparrow on Santo Antão was a single male co llected at Ponta do Sol in November 1972 (cf. HAZEVOET, I 999b).

Passe r iagoensis (GOULD, 1837)

FOGo: severa I observed atAtalaia, in the nonh ofthe island, 28 July 1997 (PG; GEN IEZ & LOPEZ-J URADO, 1998). This is the first continned record ofthe endemic sparrow for Fogo. So far, its occurrence there was uncertain , lhe alleged presence being based on hearsay and I istings without fu nher detai Is on Iy. I LHÉU GRANDE (I LHÉUS DO ROMBO): several around the ru ins ofan abandoned house and two pairs nesting, 23 July 1997 (PG; GENIEZ & LOPEZ-J URADO, 1998). The only previous record from Ilhéu Grande was of unspeci tied numbers in January 1965. SANTA LUZI A: C. 10 at Ribeira Penada and probably breeding in the rui ns there, I August 1997 (PG ; GENIEZ & LOPEZ-J URADO, 1998). This adds to only a handful of records for the island .

SCARCEAND RARE MIGRANTS

ln the following, lhe numbers in brackets at lhe beginning ofeach entry indicate I) the number ofrecords up to I January 1980 and 2) the number of records s ince that date. Records of taxa, prev iously included in these reports, of which there are now more than 20 records since I January 1980 (viz. Plalalea leucorodia, Colidris alpina, Philomachus pugnax , Limosa lapponica, Tringa 10 1011//S, T glareolo, Larus ridibundus ) are reported on[y when an observat ion represents a new island record 01'

510 Carne/is J. Hazevoel

if there are otherwise remarkable circumstances (e.g. unusual numbers or date), in whieh case the total number ofreeords sinee I January 1980 is given as >20. When the numberofreeords before I January 1980 is uneertain this is indieated as (- -). Taxa new to the Cape Verde Islands are marked with an asterisk.

Anas ereeea LI NNAEUS, 1758

(2,5) SÃo VICENTE: a female at the sewage ponds, 12 Mareh 2000 (BC), a juvenile or fema le lhere, 3 November 200 I (PC), and a female aI the same loeation, l-IS Mareh 2002 (BF, CD).

Teal has been reeorded (November-March) from São Vicente (5) and Boavista (2). The two pre-1980 reeords are ofbi rds eo lleeted on Boav ista and São Vicente in 1898 and 1924 respectively. It \Vas only next reeorded in Oeeember 1993 , when a floek af six was seen on Boav ista. There are nQW records a1 lhe São Vicente sewage ponds in four subsequent years, 1999-2002

• Anas querquedula LINNAEUS, 1758

(O, I) SÃo VICENTE: a male at the sewage ponds, 14-18 Apri l 200 1 (JPS). Th is is the first reeord of Garganey for the Cape Verde Islands. This Palearctie

duck is a locally common to abundant winter visitor to southern Mauritania and Senegambia (LAMARcnE, 1988; MOR EL & MOREL, 1990; BARLOW e1 aI. , 1997) and arare visitor to the Canary Islands (GARCiA DEL REY, 200 I), but lhere appear to be no records fTOm Made ira (ef. ZINO e1 ai., 1995).

* Anas discors LINNAEUS, 1766

(O, I) SÃo VICENTE: a male at the sewage ponds, 12 March 2000 (BC). The first record of Blue-winged Teal for the Cape Verde Islands and lhe third

Nearctic anat id observed there (see Aylhya collaris below). Recorded as a vagrant in lhe Canary Islands and Senegal (MOREL & MOREL, 1990; GARCiA DEL REY, 200 I) and regularly observed in the Azores (e.g. LE GRAND, 1983; CLARKE, 1999b).

Aythya fuli gu la (LINNAEUS, 1758)

( I, I) SAL: a male (pholographed) aI Ribei ra da Madama, 3- 17 November 1999 (MHK).

This is only lhe second record ofTufted Ouek for lhe Cape Verde Islands, the prev ious being af a flock of th ree on Santiago in February 1966.

5 12 Carne/is J. Hazevoel

Ardeola ralloides (ScoPOu, 1769)

(2, I) SANTIAGO: one at Tarrafal, 29 November 200 I (MP). There were on ly two o ld records ofSq uacco Heron for the Cape Verde Islands,

i.e. a bird collected on Sa l in 190 I and one observed on Sant iago in 1963.

Egretta gularis (Bosc, 1792)

(2, >20) SANTIAGO: one dark-phase and three white phase birds at Praia, 28 November-3 December 200 I, and up to four whi te phase birds atTarrafa l, 28 November-2 December 200 I (MP); one dark-phase aI Praia, 24 February and 3-4 March 2002 (BF, CD). BOAVISTA: a dark-phase bird at Baia da Gata, 10 April 1999 (BARONE el ai. , 1999), and one at Sal Rei , 22 April 200 I (JPS).

Only rarely recorded in the past, but there are now c. 25 records since 1980 and Western ReefHeron appears to be a regular visitar in small numbers to lhe Cape Verde Is lands. The majority of records comes fram Santiago and Boavista, with singles fram São Vicente , Raso, and Maio. Recorded in a li months except June and Augusl.

Egretta in termedia (WAGLER, 1829)

(1,7) SÃo VICENTE: one (videoed) at the sewage ponds, 1-15 March 2002 (BF, CD; BOON, 2003). BOAVISTA : one (videoed) at Rabil Lagoon, 22 April 200 I (JPS).

Intermediate Egret has been recorded (January, March-May) from Santiago (2), Santo Antão ( I) , São Vicente ( 1), Sa l ( I) , and Boavista (3). The pre-1980 record is of one co llecled on Santiago in 1965, ali others be ing since 1983. A record offour on Santo Antão, October-November 1972, is no longer accepted (cr. HAZEVOET, 1999b).

* Ardea hcrodias LINNAEUS, 1758

(O, I) BOAVISTA: one (videoed) at Rab illagoon, 4-5 March 2002 (CD). Th is is the fi rst record ofGreat Blue Heron for the Cape Verde Islands. Elsewhere

in lhe eastern At lantic islands, this Nearctic taxon has been recorded in the Azares and Canary Islands (LE GR AND, 1986; CLARKE, 1999a, b).

Ardea purpurca LI NNAEUS, 1766

(2, 4) BOAVISTA: 2-3 at Ribeira de Água, 10 and 16 Ju ly 1997 (PG; GENIEZ & LOPEZ­JURADO, 1998), and one at Rabi llagoon (v ideoed) , 4 -20 March 2002 (BF, CD).

Fiflh reporl 0/7 birds from lhe Cape Verde Islands 513

Purp le Heron has been recorded (September, December, January, March, Apr il , July) from Santiago (I), São Vicente (2), and Boavista (3) . The two pre- 1980 records are of b irds collected on São Vicente in 1897 a l1 d 1924, the recent ones of birds

observed on Santiago in 1986 and Boavista in 1988.

Plegad is fa lc inellis (LINNAEUS, 1766)

( 1,2) BOAVISTA: one (photographed) south ofRabil, 18-22 March 200 I (MHK). MAIO: fi ve near Terras Salgadas, 22 October 2000 (BARONE el ai., 200 I).

These a re the second and thi rd records ofGlossy Ibis fo r the Cape Verde Islands, the previous be ing of one collected on Santiago in Apr il 1924. It is possible that the b ird seen on Boavista in March 200 I was one ofthe party offive that was present on Maio the previous autumn.

Plata lea leucorodia LINNAEUS, 1758

(4, >20) SANTIAGO: one ofthree Spoonb ills at Tarrafal , 29 November 200 I, was co lour-ringed as a nestling on the Frisian is land of Vlie land, Netherlands, 25 June 2001 (MP).

This is the second co lour-ringed Spoonbill from the Netherlands found in the islands, the previous be ing of one ringed on the island ofTersche lling, 26 May 1994,

and seen on São Vicente dur ing the years 1996- 1998 (cr. HAZEVOET, 1997, 1998; VAN DUK & BAKKER, 1998). Although there were only fo ur records before 1980, with over 30 records from Santiago, São Vicente, Sa l, and Boavista since, it is clear that European Spoonb ills regu larly winter in the Cape Verde Is lands in small numbers, with some immatures over-sulTImering there.

Circus aeruginosus (LINNAEUS, 1758)

(O, >20) BRANCO: a fema le, 6 January 200 I (HB). RAso: an immatu re ma le, 30 September-4 October 200 I, and a presumed difTerent bird , 7-12 October200 I (PD). SÃo NICOLAU: one at Ribeira da Prata, 28 September 200 I, and another at Ribeira Tucudo, 29 September 200 I (PD). SAL an im1l1ature at Ribe ira da Madama, 6 November 1999 (M HK), and a fema le at the Pedra de Lume sah-pans, 6 March 2000 (BC). BOAVISTA : an im1l1ature southwest of Povoação Velha, 14 Nove1l1ber 1999 (MHK), and a tota l ofup to fou r immatures/fe1l1a les at Curral Vel ho, Sa l Rei, and Rabi l lagoon , 3- 19 March 2002 (BF, CD). MAIO: ol1e immature/fe1l1a le between Cascabu lho and lhe northern coast, 20

October 2000 (BARONE el ai., 200 I).

514 Carne/is 1. Hazevoet

Although only first recorded in the Cape Verde Islands in 1983, there are now 22 records and Marsh Harrier apparently winters regularly in the archipelago. Recorded (Septeniber-November, January-March) from Santo Antão ( I), Branco (I) , Raso (4), São Nico lau (2), Sal (4), Boavista (9), and Maio (I).

* Falco eleonorae GENE, 1839

(O, I) SÃo VICENTE: the carcass ofan immature male was found at Praia do Norte, 4 September 1998 (HEINZE & RISTOW, 2003).

The carcass had apparently been washed ashore and the bird may have died at sea, but it seems unlike)y that this happened far from the islands as it surely would not have remained intact for longo Breeding in the Mediterranean regian and north-west Africa, inc luding the Canarian island of Lanzarote, Eleonora's Falcon is thought to exclusively migrate to winter quarters in East Africa and Madagascar. Recorded as a vagrant in Madeira and Mauritania (LAMARCHE, 1988; MEIN INGER et ai., 1990; ZINO el

ai., 1995).

Gallioula chloropus (LINNAEUS, 1758)

(-,2) SANTIAGO: ao immature at a poo l about ooe third between Chão Bom and Tarrafal,2 December 200 I (PC).

A former breediog bird on Santiago and Boavista, this is ooly the secood record ofMoorhen since 1969, the other being from São Vicente in February-March 1999.

Haematopus ostralegus LI NNAEUS, 1758

(2, 10) SANTO ANTÃO: one at Tarrafal, 16-18 November 200 I (PC). SÃO VICENTE: one near Calhau, 28 September 1997 (PG). SÃo NICOLAU: one at Tarrafal, 10 April200 I (JPS).

Oystercatcher has been recorded (August-April) from Santiago ( I), C ima (I), Santo Antão (I), São Vicente (4), Branco ( I), São N icolau (I), Sal ( I ), aod Boavista (2).

Recurvirostra avosetta LINNAEUS, 1758

(1,8) MAIO: one near Vila de Maio, 22 October 2000 (BARONE el ai., 200 I). Avocet has been recorded (October-Apri l) from São Vicente ( I), Sal (2), Boavista

(3), and Maio (3).

Fifth reporl on birds Irol11 lhe Cape Verde Islands 515

Charadrius dubius SCOPOLI, 1786

(2, 14) SÃO VI CENTE: one at the sewage ponds, 18 April200 I (JPS), and 1-2 there, 28 February-2 March 2002 (CD). BOAVISTA : one south ofRabil, 20-22 March 200 1 (MHK).

Litt le Ringed Plover has been recorded (August-May) from Santiago (9), São Vicente (5), and Boavista (2), and is probably a regular migrant visitor in small numbers, largely overiooked in the past.

Charadrius semipalmatus BONAPARTE, 1825

(0,2) SÃO VICENTE: an adu lt at the sewage ponds, 27 February 1999 (S. RODEBRAND elal.).

Brief1y mentioned in HAZEVOET ( 1999a), this record was previously rejected because on ly an inconclusive description was avai lab le. Further deta ils have been received s ince and the record has nQW been accepted. This was the first observation ofthis Nearct ic plover in the Cape Verdes. A subsequent record was of one on Sa l, 6 March 1999.

Pluvialis dominica (S. MÚLLER, 1776)

(3,4) SÃO VICENTE: an adu lt in winter plumage (videoed) at the sewage ponds, 14 April200 I (JPS), and an adult there, 14 November 200 I (PC).

Five ofthe seven records (October-November, January-April) of American Golden Plover are fram São Vicente, where the sewage ponds apparent ly provide a suitable habitat. However, two ofthe São Vicente records (1924, 1966) antedate the construction of these insta llations. The other two records are fram Santiago and Santo Antão.

'Vanellus spinosus (LINNAEUS, 1758)

(O, I) SÃo NICOLAU: an adu\t in breeding plumage (v ideoed) atTarrafa l, I I April 200 I (JPS).

This is the first record for the Cape Verde Is lands. Spur-winged Plover is a widespread and comlTIan breeding bird in most of sub-Saharan Africa, including southern Mauritania and Senegambia, where it is dispersive to resident (LAMARCHE .

1988; MOREL & MOR EL, 1990; BARLOW et 01., 1997).

Calidris canutus (LINNAEUS, 1758)

(1 , 7) SÃo VICENTE: two atthe sewage ponds, 12 March 2000 (BC). BOAVISTA: one at Ribeira de Agua, 16 July 1997 (PG ; GEN IEZ & LOPEZ-J URADO, 1998); seven at Sal Rei , 22 March 200 1 (MH K); three at Rabillagoon, 4-17 March 2002 (BF, CD).

516 Carne/is J. Hazevoet

There was only a single reeord before 1988, but records sinee indieate that Knot is probably a regular winter visitor in small numbers. Reeorded (November, Mareh, July) from Santiago (2) , São Vicente (I), Boavista (4), and Maio (I).

Calidris pusilla (LINNAEUS, 1766)

(0,2) SÃo VICENTE: one at the sewage ponds, 12 Mareh 2000 (BC). This is the seeond record ofSemipalmated Sandpiper for the Cape Verde Islands,

the previous be ing of one on Boavista in Mareh 1999.

Calidris minutilla (VIEILLOT, 1819)

(0,2) SÃo VICENTE: one at the sewage ponds, 12 Mareh 2000 (BC). This is the seeond reeord of Least Sandpiper for the Cape Verde Islands, the

previous being of one at the sa rne loeality in Mareh 1996.

'Calidris melano!os (VIEILLOT, 1819)

(O, I) SANTIAGO: two at the lagoon near Tarrafal, 16-17 Oetober 200 I (TRS). Th is is the first reeord ofPeetoral Sandpiper forthe Cape Verde Islands. Elsewhere

in the eastern At lantic islands, this Nearctic wader has been recorded frcm the Azares (LE GRANO, 1983; CLARKE, I 999b), Canary Islands (GARCiA DEL REY, 200 I) and Madeira (ZINO et ai., 1995), whi le in West Afriea there are seattered reeords frem Mauritania to Gabon (BORROW & DEMEY, 200 I).

Gall inago gallinago (LINNAEUS, 1758)

(O, II) SANTIAGO: 1-2 at Tarrafal, 29 November-2 Deeember 200 I (MP, PC). SÃO VICENTE: two at the sewage ponds, 12 Mareh 2000 (BC), one there , 14 November 200 I (PC), and again one there, I Mareh 2002 (CD). BOAVISTA : one sou!h ofRabil, 18 Mareh 2001 (MHK).

With II records since 1996, it appears that Snipe is a regular winter visitar in small numbers . It has been reeorded (Oetober-Mareh) from Santiago (2) , São Vicente (6), Sal (I), and Boavista (2). Snipes observed in the Cape Verdes are probab ly migrants from the Palearctic, but the possibility ofNearctic G delicata occasiona lly occ urring cannot be exc\uded. Hence, records are accepted here as G gallinago sensu laIa.

Fifih reparl an birdsfram lhe Cape Verde Islands

Limosa limosa (LI NNAEUS, 1758)

5 17

(2,3) MAIO: a flock of 16 near Vi la de Maio, 22 October2000 (BARONE ef 01., 200 I). This is the first record of Black-tailed Godwit since 1988. Recorded (August­

October, December-January) from São Vicente ( I), Sal (I), Boavista (2) , and Maio ( I). COlTImonly wintering in marsh areas and rice fie lds in Senegal and Guinea-Bissau, the Cape Verde Islands have very little suitable habitat to offer forthis prolific wader.

Numenius arquata (LI NNAEUS, 1758)

(0,7) BOAVISTA: one at Curral Velho, 18 March 2002 (BF). ln contrast to the comlTIon ly occurring Wh imbrel N. phaeopus, Curlew is on ly

rare ly seen in the Cape Verde Islands. There are records (November, January-April) from Santo Antão ( I ), Raso (I), Sa l ( I ), Boavista (3), and Maio ( I).

Tringa erythropus (PALLAS, 1764)

(0,8) SÃo VICENTE: two at the sewage ponds, 12 March 2000 (BC). BOAVISTA: one at Ribeira do Rabil , 14 November 1999 (M HK).

Spotted Redshank was first recorded in the Cape Verde Islands in 1988 and there are now records (September, November, January-March) !Tom Santiago (I), São Vicente (4), and Boavista (3).

Tringa totanus (LINNAEUs, 1758)

( I, >20) MAIO: one near Vila de Maio, 22 October 2000 (BARONE el 01. , 200 I). Although there was only a single pre- 1980 record, Redshank has been regularly

reported from São Vicente and Sal during the last decades, but only rarely 50 on other islands, viz. Santiago (I), Boavista (4), and Ma io ( I ).

*Tringa melanoleuca (GMELlN, 1789)

(O, I ) SANTIAGO: one at the lagoon near Tarrafal, 16-1 7 October 200 I (TRS). This is the first record ofGreater Yellowlegs for lhe Cape Verde Islands. Elsewhere

in the eastern At lantic is lands, this Nearct ic wader has been recorded from the Azores (LE GRANO, 1983) and Canaly Islands (GARCiA DEL REY, 200 1), butthere appearto be no records from West A frica (cf. BORROW & DEMEY, 200 I).

518 ",i Cdrnelis J. Hazevoet

Tringa navipes (GMELlN, 1789)

(0,4) SAL: one at the Pedra de Lume saltpans, 26 September and 2 1 October 200 I (PO), and aga in one there (videoed), 6-20 March 2002 (BF, CD; BoON, 2003). BOAVISTA: one at Rabi llagoon, 13 March 2000 (BC).

Lesser Yellowlegs was on ly fi rst recorded in the Cape Verde Islands in 1999, but this Nearctic wader has now been recorded in four subsequent years - Sa l (2), Boavista (2) - with three out offour records in mid-March. The possib ili ty remains that some records, even from different years, concerned the sa rne individua l.

Aclil is macularia (LINNAEUS, 1766)

(0,2) SÃo VICENTE: one (photographed) at the sewage ponds, IS March 2002 (BF).

The on1y previous record ofthis Nearctic wader in the Cape Verde Islands was in February-March 1999, when a Spotted Sandpiper stayed at the above locality for severa! weeks.

Phalaropus fulicarius (LINNAEUS, 1758)

(- , II ) SAL: one (photographed) at lagoon north ofSanta Maria, 4-6 November 1999 (MHK). CAPE VERDE SEAS: two between Raso and São Nicolau, 7 March 2000, and two between São Vicente and Santo Antão, 10 March 2000 (BC).

T he one on Sa l was the first is land observat ion of Grey Phalarope, a li other records (October-May) being pelagic. Presumably more common at sea than the few records indicate.

Slercorarius skua (Brünnich, 1764)

(3 ,6) CAPE VERDE SEAS: one between Raso and São Nicolau, 12 Apr il2001 (JPS). A li post-I980 records of Great Skua are from the Branco-Raso area, the three

earl ie r being of one west of Santo Antão in April 1976 and of birds ringed in U.K. recovered on Sal in Apr il 1968 and São Vicente in February 1970.

Larus ridibundus L INNAEUS, 1766

(2, >20) Formerly considered ra re, but there are nQw c. 35 records (September­March) ofB lack-headed Gu ll , mostly from Santiago, São Vicente, Sal, and Boavista, with single records from Fogo and S<1 nto Antão. To these, tWQ more islands can now

Fifih reporl on birds Iram lhe Cape Verde Islands 5 19

be added - SÃO NICOLAU: an immature at Tarrafal, 25 September 1997 (PG; GEN IEZ & LOPEZ-JURADO, 1998), and MAIO: an imlllature near Vila de Ma io, 22 October 2000 (BARONE el 01., 200 I).

*Larus delawarensis ORD, 1815

(O, I) BOAVISTA: one in first winter plumage (photographed) at Rab illagoon, 22 April 2001 (JPS).

This is the first record for the Cape Verde Is lanils and the first Nearctic gull recorded in the archipelago. Elsewhere in the region, Ring-billed Gull has been recorded in Madeira, Canary Islands, Morocco, Mauritania, and Senegal (LAMARCHE, 1988; BARLOW el 01., 1997; SNOW & PERRINS, 1998).

Larus michahellisNAUMANN, 1840

( I, 19) RAso: one, II October 200 I (PO); a pinioned bird at Tarrafal, São N icolau, 27 February 2002, was said to be caught on Raso several weeks ear lier (CO). SÃO NICOLAU: an immature (2nd winter) at Tarrafal, 7-8 March 2000 (Be); three at sea between Raso and São Nico lau, 12 October 200 I, and 10 at Tarrafal, 13 October 200 I (PO). SÃo VICENTE: four immatures at Mindelo, 10-12 March 2000 (Be), and three in fi rst winter plumage there, 15-1 8Apri1200 I (JPS).

The sightings off Raso and São Nico lau , I 1-1 3 October 200 I, are here counted as a single recordo With almost 20 records (October-June), invo lving many more ind ividuais, it is clear that Yellow-Iegged Gull is a regu lar visitor to the Cape Verdes. Whether these birds be long to nominate rnichahellis or to northern Macaronesian allanlis has still to be clar ified, but the latter is suspected to constitu te the majority of birds seen in the is lands. One co llected in 190 I was allanlis, wh ile severa I birds observed in 1999 were thought to be referable to that taxon as well (cf. HAZEVOET, I 999a).

Sterna paradisaea PONTOPPIDAN, 1763

(-, 3) RASO: one in apparently exhausted condition, 12 October 200 I (PO). Arctic Tern is probably a not uncomlTIon passage migrant, but only few definite

records ex is!. LAM ilERT (1980) reported flocks offSanto Antão, São Vicente, and Maio, and a single bird offPra ia, Santiago, in April-May 1976. Next was the record ofa fl ock between Maio and Santiago in Apri l 1989, and the remains of an Arct ic Tern were found on Sa l in August 1997. See also account on un identified tern s be low.

520 Cornelis J. Hazevoel

Slerna caspia PALLAS, 1770

(0,6) BOAVISTA: an adull (pholographed) aI Rabil Lagoon, 23 Apri l 200 1 (JPS). First recorded in 1993, Ihere are now records (January-April) of Caspian Tem

from São Vicenle (I) , Boavista (4), as well as one at sea between Branco and Raso.

Sterna maxima BODDAERT, 1783

(0,2) BOAVISTA: three adulls (pholographed) aI Rabil Lagoon, 16 March-23 Apri l 200 I (JPS, MHK).

This is lhe second record ofRoya l Tem for the Cape Verde Islands, lhe previous being of one on Sal in February 1995.

Stcrna sandvicensis LATHAM, 1787

( I, II ) BOAVISTA: one at Rabillagoon, 13 March 2000 (BC). SÃO N ICOLAU: one off Tarrafal,7 March 2000 (BC).

These are lhe firsl records of Sandwich Tem since 1993. Recorded (Oclober­January, March) fram Sanl iago (I) , São Nicolau (3) , Boavisla (4), Maio (I), and Cape Verde seas (3). The single pre-1980 record is ofa bird ringed in U.K. and recovered on Boavista in October 1963.

Slerna albifrons PALLAS, 1764

(O, 14) BOAVISTA: two at Rabillagoon, IS November 1999 (M HK), Iwo present near Sal Rei during January 2000 (S. Hille), 1-2 at Rabil Lagoon, 16-22 March 200 I (MHK), and one (photographed) there, 23 Apr il 200 I (JPS), four at Rabillagoon, 4-5 March 2002 (CD).

Liu le Tem was first recorded 011 Maio in 1988 , but ali subsequent records are frol11 lhe sam e lagoon and nearby shore 011 Boavista, where a few appear to be present every year from October lo Apri!.

Slerna inde!.

SANTO ANTÁO: two olfPonta do Sol, 16 April 200 I (JPS). SÁO VICENTE: one olfSão Pedro, 20 April 1999 (BARONE el ai., 1999). SAL: one at the southeastern shore, 29 March 200 I, was "probab ly S. paradisaea" (M H K). MAIO: one along the coast near Ponta Prela, 19 October 2000, and another near Ponta do Morro, 22 OClober 2000

Fifih reporl on birds from lhe Cape Verde Islands 521

(BARONE el aI. , 200 I). CAPE VERDE SEAS: one between Raso and São Nicolau, 7 March 2000 (BC).

These records ofunidentified terns are included in view ofthe general scarcity oftern observations in the Cape Verdes. Presumably, they concerned S hirundo or S paradisaea, while S dougal/ii (ofwhich there is a single record) cannot be exc luded either. See also aceount on S. paradisaea above.

*Clamator glandarius (LINNAEUS, 1758)

(O, I) BOAVISTA: an immature (photographed) at an undisclosed locality and date, probably 2000 (A. MURADAS AMARO & P. LOPEZ SUAREz per BF).

This is the first record for the Cape Verde Islands. ln Mauritania and Senegambia, Great Sponed Cuckoo is both a local breeder and a migrant visitor from the Palearct ic (LAMARCHE, 1988; MOREI. & MOREL, 1990; BARLOW el 01., 1997), and it has been recorded as a vagrant in Madeira and the Canary Islands (ZINO el 01., 1995; GARCiA DEL REv, 2001).

Asio flammeus (PONTOPPIDAN, 1763)

(0, 7) RAso: one, 18 October 200 I (PD). SAL: one near Santa Maria, 4 December 200 1 (MP). OFFSHORE: one fly ing alongside ferry boat, c. 15 km offnorth-western Santiago, 5 November 200 1 (PC); one (photographed) fl ying over ship at 15° 14 ' N, 24° I O' W (northeast ofFogo), 16 October 2002 (A. Cooley el 01.).

First recorded in 1983, there are now records (October- December, February­March) ofShort-eared Owl from Raso (2) and Sa l (3), with another two seen at sea as reported above. One ofthe records from Sal, which was the first for the Cape Verdes, concerned lhe remains of a dead bird.

* Apus unicolor (J ARDINE, 1830)

(0, 2) BOAVISTA: fOllr lInidentified swifls at Rab illagoon, 22 February 1999 (cf DE RoucK, 200 I), were sll bseqllently identified as unicolor (H. DUFOURNV in /iII. , 2002); one was seen at the sam e location, 13 March 2000 (BC).

8reeds in Madeira and the Canary islands, where al50 present in reduced numbers in winter. Although likely to be si tuated in West Africa, lhe main wintering quarters of Plain Swifl are stillllnknown. There are severa I reports (December-April ) ofsllspected Plain Swifls from Morocco and Mallritania (MEIN IGER el 01. , 1990; VERNON, 2002), but ev idence frol11 speC il1lellS is required to fu lly establi sh the taxonomic identity ofthe swifts involved.

522 Carne/is J. Hazevoet

Apus pallidus (SHELLEY, 1870)

(0, 2) SANTIAGO: lwo a long lhe cliffs j ust east ofPraia harbour, 2 December 200 I (MP).

This is the second record ofPall id Swift forthe Cape Verde Islands, the previous be ing oftwo on Santo Antão in Apri l 1999. Because ofthe lack of documentation, a number ofearlier reports (cC HAZEVOET, 1995) are now considered to be c laims only. lt seems likely that the taxon is under-recorded due to identification problems.

Mer ops apiaster LINNAEUS, 1758

( 1, 2) BOAVISTA: one at Estância de Baixo, mid May 1999 (precise date not given) (S. Hille).

The only recent record ofBee-eater was oftwo birds on Sal in May 1997 ; the sing le pre-1 980 record is ofthree collected on São Nicolau in February-March 1924.

Upupa epops LI NNAEUS, 1758

( 1, 4) BOAVISTA: one near Sal Rei , 9 April 1999, and another at Ponta do Ervatão, I I Apri l 1999 (BARONE el aI, 1999).

These are the first records af Hoopoe in almast a decade, previous records be ing ofs ingle birds on São Vicente in January 1966, Santo Antão in August 1988, and Sa l in September 1990.

' Calandrella brachydactyla (LEISLER, 1814)

(O, I) SÃo NICOLAU: one (videoed) at Barri l, 11-1 3 Apri l 200 I (JPS). This is the firsl record ofShort-toed Lark for the Cape Verde Islands. Short-toed

Lark is a common Palearct ic winter visitar to Mauritan ia and Senega l (LAMARCHE,

1988 ; MOREL & MOREL, 1990), a not uncommon migrant in lhe Canary Is lands (GARCIA DEL RE Y, 200 I), and a vagrant to Madeira (ZINO el aI., 1995).

Riparia riparia (LI NNAEUS, 1758)

(2, 12) RAso: one or Iwo present, I OClober 200 I , and several days thereafler (PD). SÃo NICOLAU: two aI Barril, II April 200 I (JPS), and singles near Tarrafa l, 28 and 30 September 200 I (PD) . SAL: c. 10 aI lhe Santa Maria saltpans, 25 Seplember 200 I (PD).

Fifth reporl on birds ji-OI11 lhe Cape Verde Islands 523

There are records (August-October, February-April ) ofSand Martin from Santiago (2), São Vicente (4), Raso ( I), São Nicolau (2), and Sal (5). The two pre- 1980 records are of one collected on São Vicente in 19 12 and ofa bird ringed in U.K. and recovered on Santiago in 1969, a li other records being since 1988.

Hirundo daurica LINNAEUS, 1771

(0,9) BRANCO : two fl ying near the cl iff-wa ll as if prospecting breeding site, II April 200 I (JPS).

Only first recorded in 1996, there are now records (February-April ) of Red­rumped Swallow from Santiago (2), São Vicente (2), Branco ( I), São Nicolau (I), and Sal (3) , with fo ur bi rds seen together being the la rgest group-size.

Anthus trivialis (LINNAEUS, 1758)

(0,4) SÃO NICOLAU : one (photographed) at Barril , 13 April 200 I (J PS). Tree Pipi t was fi rst recorded in the Cape Verdes in 1988 and there are now

records (September, March-April) from São N icolau ( I), Boavista (2), and Maio (I ), wÍth four birds being the largest number seen together.

Motaci lla nava LINNAEUS, 1758

(0,5) BOAVISTA: one at Ponta do Ervatão, II Apr il 1999 (BARONE el 01., 1999). Blue-headed Wagta il was fi rst recorded in the Cape Verde Islands in 1988. There

are now records (October-November, March-April ) from Santiago ( I), Raso ( I), Sal (2), and Boavista ( I).

Motaci lla alba LINNAEUS, 1758

( I, 10) SANTI AGO : one at Tarrafal, 29 November 200 I (MP). RAso: a single, 9 October 200 1 (PD).

White Wagtail has been recorded (October-March) from Santiago (2), São Vicente (4), Raso ( I), São N icolau ( I), and Sal (3). The single pre-1980 record is ofone collected on São Vicente in 1924 - ali others are since 1989.

Oenanthe oenanthe (LINNAEUS, 1758)

(2, 16) BRANCO: a female, 8 March 2000 (BC). SAL: two j ust north ofSanta Maria, 7 Novem ber 1999, and one north of Terra Boa, 9 Novem ber 1999 (M HK); a male (Iellcorrhoa) at Pedra de Lume, 6 March 2000 (BC). BOAVISTA: a mal e near Curra l Velho, 13 March 2000 (BC).

524 Cornelis J. Hazevoel

Wheatear has been recorded (November-Apr il ) fro m Santiago ( I), Branco (I), Raso ( I), São Nicolau (2), Sal (6), Boavista (5), and Ma io (2). The two old records are of birds collected on Maio in 1897 and São Nico lau in 1924 , ali other records being since 1985.

'Sylvia borin (BODDAERT, 1783)

(O, I) RASO: one, I October 200 I, j oined by a second the next day, and one sti ll present , 4 October 200 I (PO).

This is the first record for the Cape Verde Islands. Garden Warbler is a regul ar Palearctic winter visitar in southern Senega l, with autumn passage th rough northern Senegal and Mauri tania peaking October-November (LAMARCHE, 1988; MORE L & MOREL, 1990; BARLOW e/ ai. , 1997), arare migrant visitor to the Canary Islands (GARCiA DEL REY, 200 I), and a vagrant to Madeira (ZI NO e/ ai., 1995).

· Sylvi. mel.nocephala (GMELlN, 1789)

(O, I) RAso: a fema le, 11-1 2 October200 1 (PO). This is the fi rst record for the Cape Verde Islands. Sardinian Warbler is a not

uncommon Palearctic winter visitar to southern Mauritania and nonhern Senegal (LAMARCHE, 1988; MOREL & MOREL, 1990). It has been recorded as a vagrant in Madeira (ZINO e/ ai., 1995), whil e those breeding in the Canary Islands are presumed to be resident (GARCiA DEL REY, 200 I).

Phylloscopus trochilus (LI NNAEUS, 1758)

(0,6) RAso: one, 2 October 200 I (PO). SÃo NICOLAU: one at Faj ã da Cima, 14 October 200 I (PO).

Willow Warbler was fi rst recorded in the Cape Verdes in 1988 and lhere are now records (March, Seplember-October) from Raso ( I), São Nicolau (3), and Boav ista (2). One of the records frcm Boavista concerned at least 10 birds at different locations, 19-22 September 1988.

Phylloscopus collybita (VIEILLOT, 1817)

(0,2) RAso: a freshly dead bi rd was found along the southern shore, 26 September 1997 (PG; GE NIEZ & LOPEZ-JURADO, 1998).

While GEN IEZ & LOPEZ-JURADO (1998) left open lhe poss ibi lity of this being

Fifih reporl on birds Fo", lhe Cape Verde Islands 525

P. ibericlls TICEHURST, 1937 1, subsequent exam ination ofthe spec imen confi rmed it to be collybila (P. GENIEZ, in lill. 1999) . The only prev ious record of Chiffchaff was of one on Boavista in December 1989.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Compilation of this report wou ld not have been possible without the help of Bud Anderson, Rubôn Barone, Max Berlijn, Han Blankert, Leo Boon, Paul Carter, Tony Clarke, Art Cooley, Col in Dodsworth, Pau l Donald, Hugues Dufoumy, Philippe Geniez, Gerd-Miehael Heinze, Sab ine Hille, Manfred and Heidi Koeh, Marce l Peters, Staffan Rodebrand, Tito and Rafa Salvadores, and Jean-Philippe Siblet.

SUMMARY

Recent data on status and distribution ofres ident and migram birds in lhe Cape Verde Is lands are presented, inc luding records Df 15 taxa new to the archipe lago. viz. Anos querquedula, A. discors, Aythya coliaris, Pelecanus onocrolalus, Ardea herodias, Folco eleonorae, Vane/lus sp inoslIs, Calidris me/an%s, Tringa me/ano/euco, Larus delawarensis, C/amalor glandarius, Apus unicolor, Calandrella brachydacry/a, Sy/via borin, and S. melanocephala. The current situation of some endemics (e.g. Ardea bournei, MilvlIsfasciicallda) is criticai and measures to save them from ext inction are urgently needed. Othcr endemics (e.g. Falco madens, Acrocephalus brevipennis) have been found to be more widespread than formerly known, but even so their total populations remain small and vulnerab le.

RESUMO

Neste artigo são apresentados os dados recentes sobre o estado e a distribu ição de aves residentes e migratór ias nas Ilhas de Cabo Verde, incluindo 15 novos reg istos para o arqu ipélago, nomeadamente Anas querquedula, A. discors, Aythya collaris, Pelecanus onocrotallls, Ardea herodias, Falco e/eonorae, Vanellus spinosus, Calidris me/anotas, Tringa melanoleuca, Larus delawarensis, C/amalor glandarius, Apus unicolor, Calandrella brachydactyla, Sy/via borin, e S. me/anocephala. A s ituação actual de algumas aves endémicas (por exemplo Ardea bournei, Mi/vus fasciicauda) é crítica, tornando urgente a tomada de medidas que as sa lvem da extinção. Verificou-se, entretanto, que outras aves endémicas (por exemp lo Falco madens, Acrocephalus brevipennis) apresentam uma di stribuição maior do que anteriormente se pensava; contudo, as popu lações mantêm-se pequenas e vu lneráve is.

I For disc uss ions on the corrcct namc or the Iberian ChifTchaff. traditi onal ly rcfcrrcd to as

Phy/loscoplls brehmii (llOMEYER. 1871). sec $VENSSON (200 1) and $AlO:-'ION el ai. (2003 ).

526 Cornelis J. Hazevoet

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BARLOW, c., T WACHER & T DISLEY, 1997. Afie/d guide lo birds ofThe Gambia and Senegal. Pica Press, Nr. Robertsbridge.

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B ARONE, R. , M. FERNÁNDEZ DEL CASTlLLO & J.J . B ACALLADO, 1999. Nueva contribución a la ornitologia de Cabo Verde. Observaciones de interés en las islas de Barlavento, abril de 1999. Revisla de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, II: 173- 187.

BARONE, R. , M. FERNÁNOEZ OEL CASTILLO & R.S. ALMEIDA, 200 1. Observaciones ornitológicas en la isla de Maio (archipiélago de Cabo Verde), actubre de 2000. Revisla de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 12 [2000] : 143-155.

BOON, LJ.R. , 2003. Birds of lhe Macaronesian Islands. Pari /wo: lhe Cape Verde IsLands & lhe Azares. Cursorius Photo and Video Library, Haarlem.

BORROW, N. & R. DEMEY, 200 I. Birds ofWeslern Aji-ica. Christopher Helm, London. CLARKE, T, 1999a. The Great Blue Heran on Tenerife. Birding World, 12: 158-161. CLARKE, T , 1999b. Autumn 1998 on the Azores. Birding World, 12: 205-2 12. CLOUET, M. & M. WINK, 2000. The buzzards ofCape Verde Buleo (buleo) bannermani

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