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LOUIS ISADORE KAHNBeyond Time And Style A Life In Architecture

BIOGRAPHY(1901-1974)

Born – February 20,1901 kuressare,Governorate of livonia, russian empire Died - March 17,1974 (aged 73)

Nationality - American

AWARDS - AIA GOLD MEDAL,1971 RIBA GOLD MEDAL,1972

PROJECT - Center of Philadelphia urban and traffic study

Qualification

1912, Kahn starts high school, where his talent for art and music recognized.

1920, wins a scholarship to study Architecture under Paul cret at school of fine arts, university of philiphedia . He attended the University of Pennsylvania and received his Bachelors degree in Architecture at the age of 24.

1924, graduates from university with numerous awards.

Experience After college, he worked as a senior draftsman

in the office of Philadelphia City Architect John Molitor.

To find his inspiration, he traveled through Europe visiting castles and medieval strongholds in 1928, only 4 years after graduating.

He finally started his own firm in 1935. While he still designed and worked as a design

critic on the side, Louis became a professor of architecture at Yale school of Architecture.

1947 he starts teaching at yale.

BEST BUILDINGS

Jatiyo Sang shad Bhaban (National Assembly dhaka)

Yale University Art Gallery

Salk Institute

Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad

Phillips Exeter Academy Library

Kimbell Art Museum

PHILLIP EXTER ACADEMY LIBRARY

SALK INSTITUTE

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY DHAKA

YALE UNIVERSITY OF

ART

OTHER BUILDINGS:

Richards Medical Research Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

First Unitarian Church, Rochester, New York Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College and

Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh Phillips Exeter Academy Library, Exeter, New

Hampshire Hurva Synagogue, Jerusalem, Israel Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms

Park, Roosevelt Island, New York

PHILOSOPHIES

Kahn used many different shapes and lines to create his masterpieces.

His most famous creations, he seems to favor both parallel and perpendicular lines.

Through his bold technique, he created streamline, radical, and futuristic looking buildings.

His style is his own, and his creations are legendary, through the use of geometry, he has created both beautiful works of art, and useful establishments, for the whole world to enjoy.

USING PARALLEL AND PERPENDICULAR LINES AND DIFFERENT SHAPES

USING DIFFERENT GEOMETRIC SHAPES IN PLAN

TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMP0RARY ARCHITECTURE IN INDIA

CASE STUDY INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT : AHEMDABAD

ARCHITECT : Louis I. Khan

LOCATION

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

Year of completion : 1963 Chief Architect : Louis I.

Khan B.V Doshi Anant Raje

Site Area : 66 Acres No. of Students : 500 Students No. of Faculties : 100

Faculties No. of Staff Members: 350 people

COMPONENT OF CAMPUS Main Academic Complex (administration block,

class room and faculty room around central plaza, which also has main entrance)

Kitchen and dining Faculty and Staff

housing Management development

center Students dormitories for PGP Students.

MAIN ENTRANCES

Separate entries for institutional, residential complex & service entry.

School building and students dorm have been placed diagonally to take advantage of winds from southwest.

CAMPUS LAYOUT

Auditorium is located near main entrance for easy access for visitors.

Residential areas have been planned in Hierarchical pattern

School building Is planned around a court.

CENTER PART(LOUIS

KAHN PLAZA ,”THE HEART OF

THIS COMPLEX”)

SOUTH(SCHOOL)

WEST(GROUND COURT)

NORTH (FAC ULTY

OFFICES)

EAST (LIBRARY)

ACADEMIC COMPLEX The Academic complex comprises of the

following :-

Library

School Building

Faculty blocks

Dormitories

Louis Khan Plaza

LIBRARY BLOCK

FIRST FLOOR PLAN OF LIBRARY The library building

is five storied structure with rectangular plan.

It is approached by a broad, imposing flight of steps from the parking lot.

The design has been conceived to entail movement from the active spaces to most private and quite carrels at the farthest reaches.

• SECOND FLOOR : Accommodate triple height reading hall and conference hall

• THIRD FLOOR : Accommodates bound volumes of journals.

• FOURTH FLOOR : Has bound volumes of•

old books and journals.

SECOND FLOORPLAN

) READING HALL (FIRST FLOOR)

SCHOOL BUILDING BLOCK

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

BLOCK VIEW

OFFICES ON GROUND FLOOR

RAMP LEADING TO DORMS AND

CLASS ROOMS

CLASS ROOMS The shape of classroom

is hexagonal

The Design of class room is based on the seminar type interaction between the students and the faculty.

Windows are high to get glare free light.

FACULTY BLOCKS Faculty block is on

the right side of the main entrance.

It is four stored building with four blocks.

All the openings are designed to overlook the adjacent and landscape garden and Loius Khan Plaza.

Faculty blocks over the landscapedGarden in Between

DORMITORIES The shape of each dormitory

block is square with two residential wings, triangular lounge and a service area.

The position of the staircase and washroom are meant to protect the living room from sun and glare without obstructing and the breeze and ventilation.

In most of the blocks the ground floor is used as bank etc.

The Dorms are placed one behind the other To Obtain the much needed breeze and cross ventilation.

Dormitory Block Courtyard between Dormitory block

LOUIS KHAN PLAZA

Instead of small courtyard, one large court has been planned in the center to relate the movement around.

AUDITORIUM CAPACITY : 550 SEATS

AREA ENTRANCE LOBBY: 560 Sq feets

FOYER : 560 Sq feets

AUDITORIUM HALL : 3000 Sq feets

CONFERENCE ROOM : 200 Sq feets

SEMINAR ROOM :400 Sq feets Each

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GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

DINING BLOCK AT THE OTH ER END OF THE CAMPUS ATTACHED KITCHENS SET WITHIN THE TURNCATED CONE. IN THE CENTER OF THE COURTYARD HE DESIGN AND AMPITHEATER

MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT CENTER

MANAGEMENT DEVLOPMENT CENTER IS LOCATED TOWARDS EASTERN EDGE OF THE CAMPUS. IT HAS BEEN PLANNED AS A SELF CONTAINED UNIT WITH ACADEMIC AREA, OFFICES, EXECUTIVES HOSTELS AND DINING FACILITIES.

IT IS A DOUBLE STORYED BUILDING WITH A BASEMENT AND HAS A U SHAPE PLAN ENCLOUSING A COURT IN BETWEEN

THERE ARE TWO LECTURE HALLS, TWO CONFERENCE ROOMS AND EIGHT SYNDICATE ROOMS IN THE MDC BUILDING.

THE PLAN OF MDC

BUILDING MATERIALS

BRICK HAS BEEN USED AS PRIMARY BUILDING MATERIAL FOR THE ENTIRE COMPLEX WALLS, COLUMNS.

BRICK ARCHES HAVE BEEN USED FOR WIDE SPANS.

RESTRICTED TO PLACES SUCH AS THE FOUNDATION, FLOOR SLABS AND TIES FOR SOME OPENING ARCHES.

THICKNESS OF THE WALL IS REDUCED BY USING FILLED IN ARCHESTO TRANSFER LOAD DOWN THE SITE TO THE BRICK BUTTRESSES BELOW.

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY DHAKA

(JATIYO SHANG SHAD BHAVAN)

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY IN DHAKA DATE – 1962 TO 1974 LOCATION – DHAKA, BANGLADESH BUILDING TYPE - GOVERNMENT CENTER HEIGHT – 50M PLLANING CONCEPT – 208 ACRES OF

LAND,SITUATED TO THE NORTH OF RECENT MANIK MIA AVINUE.

COMPLEX INCLUDEDS-MINISTERS SECRETARIES HOSPITALITY HALLS COMMUNITY BUILDING ALL LINKED BY ROADS AND WALK WAYS AND

SURROUNDED BY ATTARACTIVE GARDENS AND LAKES

SUPREME COURT GROUND MOSQUE PRESIDENT PLACE (FIRST BUILDING TO BE BUILT)

Concept:- The architectural of assembly building grows out of

conception to hold a strong essential from to give particular shape to varying interior needs, expressing them on interiors .

Introduced of light giving element to the interiors by giving series of columns for lights , this being a element for khan design.

Light from roof is given in interiors. Imp consideration national assembly building was

projection from sun and rain while admitting free circulation of air (this achieved by awarding hue geometric openings at the outer facade in the from of triangles , rectangle, full and segmental circles and flat arches .

Dominating circular and rectangular concrete masses impart a supreme monumentality to the building.

Plan The plan is concentric essential a square

manipulated into octagonal . At the centre there is a main hall where mp’s

sit and session are done . Various layers of functions are situated around

hall. Seven storey high ambulatory with light coming

from the roof surrounds the assembly hall. Four identical assembly block along four arms

with other functions on four corners. Elaborated circulation system with series of

different of stairs. 9 levels with horizontal connections in 3

floors only.

1. Main assembly hall in central part

2. Four identical assembly block

3. Four Seven storey high ambulatory with light coming from the roof surrounds the assembly hall.

PLAN:

ELEVATION:

1

2 2

2 2

3

3

3

3

Basement- accommodate parking area, offices of maintenance agencies and services installations for the main building.

Building has a water body as a artificial lake touching its walls on all sides.

Height of structure is 49.68m. Main building consist of 9 individual blocks of

which 8 at its periphery rises to height of 110 feet.

The octagonal bock in centre shoots up to 155 feet. There is not a single column in the whole

building , hollows columns , part of space enclosure have been adopted as structural supports.

There are 50 staircases ,340 toilets ,1635 doors 300 partitions and 35850 sq. ft of glass shutters used in buildings.

MODAL OF NATIONAL ASSEMBALY DHAKA

INTERIORS Divided into 3 zones. Central zone-area for assembly (345 seats). Middle-zone for inner circulation, ties together

the galleries of pupil and the press gives excess to committee rooms in the library.

Outer-zone –area of offices ,party rooms ,lounges ,tea rooms and restaurants , the garden entrance of yhe mosque.

Floor area - 8230000 sq . ft in main building .

22300 sq . ft in south plaza. 65000 sq . ft in north plaza.

INTERIORS

Construction And MaterialsManifested precious stone concrete masses marble strips used.

KIMBELL ART MUSEUM(1966 TO 1972)

KIMBELL ART MUSEUM DATE – 1966 To 1972 LOCATION – Fort Worth, Texas BUILDING TYPE – Art Museum HEIGHT – 40 Ft. PLLANING CONCEPT –

Components: 16 vaulted units grouped into 3 sections consisting of 6, 4 and 6 parallel rows.

These are cast-in-place, post-tensioned, reinforced concrete.

Each 100 ft. by 20 ft. unit is supported on four 2 ft. square concrete columns at the ends.

Between the vaults are 7 ft. reinforced concrete channels that house the service elements for climate control and for electrical systems.

CONCEPT:

Completely modern in it’s revivalist detail and lack of ornament, the hints of Roman architecture include the grand arches and vaults.

These were made possible by the use of concrete, travertine and white oak, all the key materials of the project.

Most of the galleries are located on the upper floor, to allow for most natural lighting.

Air ducts and mechanical services are located in the spaces where edges of vaults come close to meeting.

The element of natural light is the main focus of the design, and creates elegant spaces that are perfectly suited for the art that it houses.

Perspective view

Structure:-

The museum is composed of 16 parallel vaults that are each 100 feet (30.6 m) long, 23 feet (7m) high and 20 feet (6 m) wide (internal measurements).398 Intervening low channels separate the vaults.

The vaults are grouped into three wings.

The north and south wings each have six vaults, with the western one open as a portico.

The main (west) facade of the building consists of three 100-foot bays, each fronted by an open, barrel-vaulted portico, with the central, entrance bay recessed and glazed.

The central space has four vaults, with the western one open as an entry porch facing a courtyard partially enclosed by the two outside wings.

The art galleries are located on the upper floor of the museum to allow access to natural light.

Service and curatorial spaces as well as an additional gallery occupy the ground floor.

 Each interior vault has a slot along its apex to allow natural light into the galleries. Air ducts and other mechanical services are located in the flat channels between the vaults.

Section And Elevation

The ends of the vaults, which are made of concrete block, are faced with travertine inside and out.

 The steel handrails were "blasted" with ground pecan shells to create a matte surface texture.

The museum has three glass-walled courtyards that bring natural light to the gallery spaces.

One of them penetrates the gallery floor to bring natural light to the conservation studio on the ground floor.

•EXTERIOR : -REINFORCED CONCRETE , ITALIAN TARVERTINE FROM BAGNA DI TIVOLI ,LEAD –COATED COPPER ROOFING GLASS ,PLASTIC, STEEL.

INTERIOR:- CONCRETE , TRAVERTINE ,QUATER –SAWN WHITE OAK , ANODIZED ALUMINIUM ,MILL STAINLESS STEEL , SLATE , CERMAIC TILE.

DIMENSION:- GRASS AREA IS 120,000 SQ FT OVER ALL LENGTH IS 318 FT ,WIDTH IS 174 FT AND OVER ALL HEIGHT OF BUILDING MEASURED FROM EAST SIDE IS 40 FT.

Construction and material:-

INTERIOR

VIEW’S

CONCLUSION LOUIS KAHN WAS A SMALL MAN WITH SOME OF THE BIGGEST

IDEAS IN MODERN ARCHITECTURE HE EXPRESS THEM IN THE LANGUAGE OF A POET AND SKETCHED THEM WITH A HAND OF AN ARTIST

NO ONE COULD EQUAL HIS ABILITY TO INFUSE HAND MATERIALS WITH HUMANITY OR TO LIFT COMPLEX PLANNING ABOVE FORMALIST PATTERN.

HIS BUILDING REPRESENTED,HE SAID “THE THOUGHTFUL MAKING OF SPACES”.

HIS EARNESTNESS WAS COMPELLING AND HIS ENTHUSIASM CONTAGIOUS TO LOUIS ARCHITECTURE WAS A LIVING “PERSONA” THAT “WANTS TO BE”.