Presentation \"Climate change footprint in the Mancha Húmeda Biosphere Reserve

$Page 1: Presentation \"Climate change footprint in the Mancha Húmeda Biosphere Reserve$
Climate change footprint

in the Mancha Húmeda

Biosphere Reserve

C. Laguna, R.U. Gosálvez, G. Sánchez, J.P. Falomir, A. Velasco,

A. Chicote, M. Florín & J.A. Gil-Delgado

IHEGrupo de Investigación en Hidroecología




http://congresse2kw.uclm.es/



1.PURPOSE

singularity




1. PURPOSE

30.000 ha

de humedales




1. PURPOSE

La Mancha Húmeda




1. PURPOSE

Habitats of

priority interest




1. PURPOSE

Species

endangered

Cigüeña negra

Focha moruna Cerceta pardilla

Porrón pardo

Malvasía cabeciblanca

Avetoro

Garcilla cangrejera




1. PURPOSE

Endangered

Species

Althenia orientalis

Lepidium cardamines

Helianthemun polygonoides




1. PURPOSE

MHBR: High geological and geomorphological diversity




1. PURPOSE

Aquatic ecosystems are distinctive elements of MHBR

Mediterranean continental semiarid climate

Rainfall Index of Lang: 27.88

Steppic

Aridity Index of Martonne: 16.63

Semiarid-Mediterranean

Index of Emberger: 34.82

Semiarid

Index of Dantin & Revenga: 3.59

Arid




1. PURPOSE

Biosphere Reserve

of La Mancha Húmeda

in the context of

wetlands in the region

Castilla-La Mancha




1. PURPOSE

Aim

Reveal whether climate change is signficantly affecting the

natural dynamics of aquatic ecosystems

Hypothesis

La Mancha Húmeda is very sensitive to global change

Climate change would be already causing disturbances in their

natural dynamics




Limnological monitoring in the later 30 years

−Meteorological information: time series of temperature and

rainfall

−Monitoring flamingo populations

−Phytoplankton monitoring

2. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH




−Meteorological information time series (temperature and rainfall)

•To characterize precipitation and temperature at the regional level:

daily records for the period 1956-2010 of Alcázar de San Juan and

Ciudad Real weather stations

•To assess rainfall at the local level:

6 meteorological stations of the AEMET and SIAR network : Juanaco ,

El Pedernoso, La Puebla de Almoradiel, Herencia , Alcázar de San Juan

and Ciudad Real.

•To assess extreme events

maximum rainfall events during 24 h per year, adjusting the series to a

probability distribution of maximum values (asymptotic Gumbel).

For tis purpose, recurrence intervals of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 and

500 years were considered.

Water chemistry and waterfowl populations of affected shallow lakes





−Ecological Proxy 1: Flamingo populations monitoring


−Monthly Bird Counts January 2007-June 2013

−Two teams per site and census campaign (UCLM and

University of Valencia), located in high locations in order to

have a view of as much as possible lake surface

−Count results were analyzed exploring trends over time

with linear and nonlinear models

−Additional data for flamingo populations were taken form

the literature from the 1980s to 2007





−Ecological Proxy 2: Phytoplankton monitoring

− Biocontrol network of the water authority of the

Guadiana river catchment (2005-2010)

− Our own sampling campaigns, counts and

identification species

− Previous studies were also considered




3. RESULTS

−Meteorological information time series

Temperature rising up to 3ºC above annual average between 1976 and 2006 in Upper

basin Guadiana River




3. RESULTS

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

19

56

19

58

19

60

19

62

19

64

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66

19

68

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70

19

72

19

74

19

76

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78

19

80

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82

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84

19

86

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88

19

90

19

92

19

94

19

96

19

98

20

00

20

02

20

04

20

06

20

08

20

10

year

Pm

x 2

4h

Alcázar de San Juan Ciudad Real

RP ALC P CR P

5 57.4 0.2 42.6 0.2

10 73.9 0.1 52.1 0.1

25 94.7 0.04 64.1 0.04

50 110.2 0.02 73.1 0.02

100 125.5 0.01 81.9 0.01

150 134.5 0.007 87.1 0.007

200 140.8 0.005 90.7 0.005

500 161.0 0.002 102.4 0.002 RP=Return period; P=Probability

Extreme storm events have had effects never known before both on…




3. RESULTS

…human populations

and...




3. RESULTS

….in the Salicor shallow

lake.

1

10

100

1000

10000

Oct-

06

Dec-0

6

Feb-0

7

Apr-

07

Jun-0

7

Aug-0

7

Oct-

07

Dec-0

7

Feb-0

8

Apr-

08

Jun-0

8

Aug-0

8

Oct-

08

Dec-0

8

Feb-0

9

Apr-

09

Jun-0

9

Aug-0

9

Lo

g n

º o

f b

ird

s

Fulica atra

Tadorna tadorna

Before event after event

Flooded area (ha): <5 >100

Maximun depth (cm): 16 >250

Conductivity (mS cm-1 ): 90 2.44

Salinity (mg L-1) : 172 2.38

Turbidity (NTU): 166 9.47




3. RESULTS

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Oct-

06

Dec-0

6

Feb-0

7

Apr-

07

Jun-0

7

Aug-0

7

Oct-

07

Dec-0

7

Feb-0

8

Apr-

08

Jun-0

8

Aug-0

8

Oct-

08

Dec-0

8

Feb-0

9

Apr-

09

Jun-0

9

Aug-0

9

nº

of

bir

ds

Grebes

Diving ducks




3. RESULTS

Monthly intervals of

flooding in 10 Mancha

Húmeda shallow lakes

Monthly dynamics of

rainfall

(SIAR meteorological

station at Herencia)

Jan. 2007-dec. 2010




3. RESULTS

−Ecological Proxy 1: Phoenicopterus roseus populations

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

700001

99

0

19

91

19

92

19

93

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94

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96

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97

19

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99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

Wintering population Phoenicopterus roseus in Spain (1990-2009) .

Source: MAMRM-SEO, 2009.




3. RESULTS

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

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19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

Wintering population Phoenicopterus roseus in MHBR (1990-2008).

Source: MAMRM-SEO, 2009.




3. RESULTS

Evolución del Flamenco rosa en 49 lagunas de la Cuenca Alta del río Guadiana

(enero 2011-junio 2013)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

ene-1

1

feb-1

1

mar-

11

abr-

11

may-1

1

jun-1

1

jul-11

ago-1

1

sep-1

1

oct-

11

nov-1

1

dic

-11

ene-1

2

feb-1

2

mar-

12

abr-

12

may-1

2

jun-1

2

jul-12

ago-1

2

sep-1

2

oct-

12

nov-1

2

dic

-12

ene-1

3

feb-1

3

mar-

13

abr-

13

may-1

3

jun-1

3

Nº de in

div

iduos

Population dynamics of the greater flamingo in 49 shalllow lakes of the

Upper Guadiana Catchment (january 2011-june 2013)




3. RESULTS

2.600 km

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

SE FP BR T I DE

LOCALIDAD

NÚ

ME

RO

DE

EJE

MP

LA

RE

S

Figura 2. Procedencia de los flamencos en la Reserva de la Biosfera de la Mancha Húmeda a partir de lecturas de anillas.

SE: localidades del sur de España; FP: Fuente de Piedra; BR: Delta del Ródano; T: Turquía; I: Italia; DE: Delta del Ebro. Círculo gris: área de estudio. Círculos rojos: lugares

de procedencia. Línea discontinua indica distancia mínima recorrida en línea recta. Elaboración propia.

N = 116

T

I

FP

SE

BR

SE

0

5

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

3 5

4 0

< 4 4 -6 7 -9 1 0 -1 2 1 3 -1 5 1 6 -1 8 > 1 8

E D A D (a ñ o s)

NÚ

ME

RO

DE

IN

DIV

IDU

OS

Origin of the Phoenicopterus roseus in the MHBR Age of the Phoenicopterus roseus in the

MHBR




3. RESULTS

Figure 2. Location of the three nest places of flamingoes Phoenicopterus roseus in Manjavacas shallow lake.

408 456

1388

2237

2729

33153141

1182

457

60

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

en

e-1

0

feb

-10

ma

r-1

0

ab

r-1

0

ma

y-1

0

jun

-10

jul-1

0

ag

o-1

0

se

p-1

0

oct-

10

no

v-1

0

months

nº

bir

ds

Figure 2. Monthly censuses of flamingoes Phoenicopterus roseus in Manjavacas

shallow lake. Year 2010.

Reproduction of the Phoenicopterus roseus in

the shallow lake Manjavacas in 2010, 2011 y 2013




3. RESULTS

Is the increase in flamingos due to climate change or …




3. RESULTS

Evolución de las parejas reproductoras y pollos volados en Fuente de Piedra

(1984-2013)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Parejas

Pollos volados

Lineal (Parejas)

Dastos obtenidos de Flamingo, Bulletin of the IUCN-SSC/Wetlands

International Flamingo Specialist Group

…..or management of the species?

between 1984 and 2013 in Fuente de Piedra (Málaga)

• breeding in 24 years among 30 posibles

• 170.000 fledged chicks in this period

• reproductive record in 2013: 22.000 pairs and 14.000 fledgling

Population dynamics of breeding pairs and fledged chicks in Fuente de

Piedra shallow lake (Málaga province, S Spain) (1984-2013)




3. RESULTS

−Ecological Proxy 2: Phytoplankton monitoring

−Climate and subsequent hydrochemical change have

affected the structure and composition of phytoplankton

communities

−It is especially significant the great increase in number of

studied cyanobacteria, most of them potentially toxic

−Cylindropermopsis raciborskii established as resident

and became the dominant species in summer in the most

eutrophic reservoir of the MHBR




4. CONCLUSIONS

−Our results show relevant shifts in its temperature and rainfall regimes

−Ecological proxies analyzed (flamingoes and phytoplankton) reveal a

correspondence with climatic changes

−But those ecological proxies studied are also affected at several scales,

some changes may be clearly attributed to local an regional impacts (bad

practices and non-sustainable management)




F I N


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Presentation \"Climate change footprint in the Mancha Húmeda Biosphere Reserve