SYLLABUS - SFR - NAAC Reaccreditation - The Standard

NAAC SSR Cycle IV (2015-2020)

SYLLABUS

1.1. CURRICULUM DESIGN AND

DEVELOPMENT

1.1.1. CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AND

IMPLEMENTATION

THE STANDARD FIREWORKS RAJARATNAM COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS),

SIVAKASI – 626 123.

(Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Re-accredited with A Grade by NAAC,

College with Potential for Excellence by UGC and Mentor Institution under UGC PARAMARSH)

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

SYLLABUS

2014 AND LATER

S.No. Programme Name Page No.

1. B.Sc. Chemistry 1

2. M.Sc. Chemistry 65

3. M.Phil. Chemistry 128

THE STANDARD FIREWORKS RAJARATNAM

COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS) (Reaccredi ted with 'A' Grade by NAAC and

College with Potential for Excellence by UGC)

SIVAKASI-626 123.

Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai.

SyClali -

Programme Scheme, Scheme of Eamination and Syllabi (With effect from June 2014)

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISsTRY

UG PROGRAMMES

Curriculum Design & Development Cell

ARerno bule:

Halak6kmi CHAIRMAN OF cDDC G.valle

Cwmela ACADEMIC RRM THE BOARD COE

AFFAIRS

Page 1 of 146

THE STANDARD FIREWORKS RAJARATNAM COLLEGE FOR WOMEN,

SIVAKASI – 626 123.

(Reaccredited with A Grade by NAAC)


B.Sc DEGREE PROGRAMME IN CHEMISTRY

Rules and Regulations, Programme Scheme and Scheme of Examination Governing

the B.Sc Degree Programme In Chemistry

(For those admitted in June 2014 and later).

Programme Objectives:

The objectives of the Programme are

1. To make the students to understand the fundamental theories which govern

the various phenomena.

2. To prepare the students to take up higher studies and research in chemistry.

3. Sensitizing the students about environment and its protection.

4. To make the students understand the role of computers in problem solving

in chemistry.

5. To make the students learn the application of chemistry in other fields of

science like medicine and biology.

6. To impart a basic knowledge of chemistry to students of arts stream.

7. To impart some knowledge of application of chemistry in industries so that

they can in future think of their own contribution in this area.

Eligibility Condition for Admission:

Pass in +2 with

Chemistry, Physics, Maths and Biology

Chemistry, Physics, Maths and Computer science.

Chemistry, Physics, Botany and Zoology.

Duration of the Programme:

The duration of the Programme is three academic years. Each

academic year consists of two semesters. The duration of a semester is 90 working

days.

IV. Attendance:

Attendance for Regular Classes:

The Rules regarding the attendance for regular classes for the candidates to

appear for the summative examinations are framed as given below

a)Each student must put in a minimum attendance of 68 days (75% of 90 days

per semester) so as to become eligible to appear for the summative examinations.

Shortage of attendance:

a)Those students with attendance 68 days and less but 59 days and above

(65%) can be permitted to appear for the summative examinations provided they

submit the condonation certificate to the Principal stating proper reasons for the

absence, within 5 days after the last working day of the concerned class. The

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UG Chem. 2

Certificate may be obtained from the office on payment of penalty as per Madurai

Kamaraj University.

b)In case of attendance with 58 days and less but 45 days and (50%) above,

the students cannot appear for the final examinations of that semester but can appear

for the next examinations by obtaining special permission from the Principal

producing necessary documents supporting the reasons for absence on payment of

penalty as per Madurai Kamaraj University

c)Students with attendance 44 days and less should have to repeat the whole

semester

Attendance for Part V

A student of the first or second year undergraduate class should put in a

minimum attendance of 75% for each semester (Total No. of hours as fixed by the

concerned Officers / staff – in charge) in anyone of the Co-curricular activities

namely N.C.C / N.S.S/ Physical education /Youth Red Cross to be eligible to get the

degree.

In case of shortage of attendance the student has to complete the required

attendance before the completion of the UG Programme. If she fails to do so the

student can appear for the summative examination but she is in eligible to get the

degree.

V. Evaluation Procedure:

Evaluation of each Theory Course will be 25% Term Test and 75% External

Examination. Evaluation of each Practical Course/ project will be 40% Continuous

Internal Assessment (CIA) and 60% External Examination. A mark statement will be

issued to every student at the end of every semester.

VI. Passing Minimum:

For a pass in each Course, a student should secure a minimum of 35% marks

in the summative examination and a minimum of 40% marks in aggregate (i.e.,

internal and external marks put together). The same rule is applicable for

Dissertation/Project report and Viva - Voce.

VII. Eligibility condition for getting the Degree:

A candidate undergoing the B.Sc., degree Programme in Chemistry will be

eligible for the award of B.Sc., degree in Chemistry if she completes entire

Programme and passes all the examination prescribed for the Programme.

VIII. Classification of Successful Candidates:

The Successful Candidates will be classified as per the details given in the

Table below:

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IX. Awards of Ranks:

Candidates who qualify themselves for the respective degree programme

passing all the examinations in the first attempt and secured first class are eligible for

ranking

For each major

i Ci Gi

CUMULATIVE GRADE POINT AVERAGE (CGPA) = i Ci

CGPA= Sum of the multiplication of grade points by the respective credits of the course cleared in the entire programme

Sum of the credits of all the courses cleared in the programme

Ci - Credits earned for course i in any semester.

Gi - Grade point obtained for course i in any semester.

I - Summation of all courses cleared in a semesters.

X. Other Provisions:

1. Those who are absent for the exam should be marked AA on the Mark

sheet.

2. If there is a charge of malpractice by a student she should be sent out

from the Exam Hall and given chance only during the following

Semester.

3. The Courses she has already appeared during that Semester will not be

considered.

4. A student can appear for any number of arrear Courses, provided the

Head of the Department permits her to do so.

S.No CGPA GRADE Classification of Final

Result

1. 9.500-10.000 O+

First Class

2. 9.000-9.499 O

3. 8.500-8.999 D++

4. 8.000-8.499 D+

5. 7.500-7.999 D

6. 7.000-7.499 A++

7. 6.500-6.999 A+

8. 6.000-6.499 A

9. 5.500-5.999 B+

Second Class 10. 5.000-5.499 B

11. 4.500-4.999

C

Third Class

12. 4.000-4.499

13. 0.000-3.999 U Re-appear

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UG Chem. 4

5. Repeat examinations will be conducted for the final semester paper

within a month after the publication of final semester result.

6. Revaluation is permitted.

XI. Transitory Provisions:

Students from other institutions shall be considered if they have already

written and passed all the Courses covered till the previous semester and if any of

the Courses have not been cleared, they have to appear for those subjects along

with the current semester subjects also.

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SIVAKASI

UG Chemistry – Allotment of Hours and Credits

(For those joined in June 2014 and later)

Courses

Semester

I II III IV V VI

Total

No. of

Credits

Language Courses Part I – Tamil Language Course 6(3) 6(3) 6(3) 6(3) - - 12

Part II - English Language Course 6(3) 6(3) 6(3) 6(3) - - 12

Part III – Major and Allied Courses

b) Major

Theory

Course I 4(4) 5(5) 4(4) 5(5) 6(5) 6(5)

Course II 3(3) - 3(3) - 5(5) 5(5)

Course III - - - - 5(5) 5(5)

Practical

Lab I 3(*) 3(4) 3(*) 3(4) 6(5) -

Lab II - - - - 3(*) 3(3)

Lab III - - - - - 6(5)

c) Allied I & II Theory 4(4) 4(4) 4(4) 4(4) - -

Lab 2(*) 2(2) 2(*) 2(2) - -

Total 11 15 11 15 20 23 95

Part IV Non Major/Value Added Courses

Peace Education 2(2) - - - - -

Environmental Studies - 2(2) - - - -

I. NME I - - 2(2) - - -

II. NME II - - - 2(2) -

1. Computer literacy - 2(2) - - - -

2. Soft Skill enhancement - - - 2(2) -

3. Career Guidance and Subject

Viva - - - 2(2) -

4. Women Studies - - - - 2(2)

5. Skill Based Courses : Self

Employment / Job Oriented

Courses – Theory

-

-

-

-

-

2(2)

6. Skill Based Courses : Self

Employment / Job Oriented

Courses – Practical / Field work /

Project

- - - - - 2(2)

Library and Information Science - - - - 1(*) 1(*)

Total No.of Credits 2 4 2 4 4 4 20

Part V – Extension Activities/Social Awareness/Physical Education

NSS/NCC/Physical

Education/Extension Activities/Youth

Red Cross/Social Service League/Red

Ribbon Club

1(*) 1(1) - - - - 1

Total Credits 140

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SIVAKASI

Department of Chemistry (UG Programme) 2014-2017

Sem Course

Code Course Title

Tea

chin

g

Ho

urs

Per

Wee

k

Cre

dit

s

Du

rati

on

of

Ex

am

. (H

rs.)

Marks Allotted

Inte

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EExx

tt eerr nn

aall

To

tal

Core Courses – Major

I 14UCH11 Inorganic Chemistry - I 4 4 3 25 75 100

I 14UCH12 Physical Chemistry –I 3 3 3 25 75 100

II 14UCH21 Organic Chemistry-I 5 5 3 25 75 100

I& II 14UCH2L Semi micro Inorganic Qualitative

Analysis 3+3 4 3 40 60 100

III 14UCH31 Organic chemistry -II 3 3 3 25 75 100

14UCH32 Inorganic Chemistry-II 4 4 3 25 75 100

IV 14UCH41 Physical Chemistry –II 5 5 3 25 75 100

III &

IV 14UCH4L Volumetric Estimation 3+3 4 3 40 60 100

V

14UCH51 Organic and Pharmaceutical chemistry 6 5 3 25 75 100

14UCH5EA Elective I 5 5 3 25 75 100

14UCH5EB Elective II 5 5 3 25 75 100

V 14UCH5L1 Physical chemistry Practical 6 5 5 40 60 100

V &

VI 14UCH6L1 Organic analysis and estimation 3+3 3 5 40 60 100

VI

14UCH61 Physical Chemistry – IV 6 5 3 25 75 100

14UCH62 Principle and Application of

Analytical Techniques 5

5

3 25 75 100

14UCH6EC Elective III 5 5 3 25 75 100

VI 14UCH6L2 Gravimetric estimations and Inorganic

preparations. 6 5 5 40 60 100

Core Courses – Allied (I & II)

For Physics Major Students

I 14UCH1A Organic, Physical and Environmental

chemistry 4 4 3 25 75 100

II 14UCH2A Applied Chemistry 4 4 3 25 75 100

I &

II 14UCH2AL Volumetric Estimation 2 2 3 40 60 100

For Botany Major Students III 14UCH3A Fundamentals of chemistry 4 4 3 25 75 100

IV 14UCH4A Pharmaceutical and Industrial

Chemistry 4 4 3 25 75 100

III &

IV 14UCH4AL Volumetric estimation 2 2 3 40 60 100

Non Major Elective I III 14UCH3N Chemistry in Daily Life 2 2 3 25 75 100

Non Major Elective II IV 14UCH4N Industrial chemistry 2 2 3 25 75 100

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UG Chem. 7

Electives

V 14UCH5E1 Inorganic chemistry - III 5 5 3 25 75 100

V 14UCH5E2 Non – conventional energy

resources 5 5

3

25 75 100

V 14UCH5E3 Physical Chemistry - III 5 5 3 25 75

100

V 14UCH5E4 Computer Applications in

Chemistry 5 5 3 25 75 100

VI 14UCH6E1 Chemistry of Natural Products 5 5 3 25 75 100

VI 14UCH6E2 Stereochemistry 5 5 3 25 75 100

Non Major Elective

III 14UCH3N Chemistry in Daily Life 2 2 3 25 75 100

IV 14UCH4N Industrial chemistry 2 2 3 25 75 100

Page 8 of 146

UG Chem. 8


SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER I

MAJOR PAPER

14UCH11 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I

(For those admitted in June 2014 and later)

Contact hours per week : 04

Total number of hours per semester : 60

No. of credits : 04

Objectives:

To enable the students

to know about laboratory hygiene and safety

to know about the modern classification of elements

to understand the theory of chemical bonding

to understand the aspects of Radioactivity and Nuclear transformation

Unit I (12 hours)

a) Laboratory Hygiene and Safety

Introduction - storage and handling of chemicals - carcinogenic chemicals -

toxic and poisonous chemicals - waste disposal-fume disposal - general precautions

for avoiding accidents – first aid techniques - hazards in laboratory - poisoning -

laboratory safety measures.

b) Principle and Techniques of Semi-Micro Methods

Introduction - laboratory methods in semimicro qualitative analysis - methods

for precipitating sulphides - types of reactions involved in qualitative analysis - dry

reactions, precipitation reactions- complexation reactions ,redox reactions .. spot tests

- preparation of solution for cation testing on semi micro scale-removal of interfering

ions in the analysis of cations : oxalate, tartarate, borate, fluoride, chromate,

phosphate and arsenite.

Unit II (12 hours)

a) Classification of Elements

Introduction - grouping of elements into families - earlier attempts to classify

elements – modern periodic law – periodic law and electronic configuration of

elements – modern periodic table – superiority of long table over Mendeleeff’s table.

b) Properties of Elements

Introduction - - size of atoms and size of ions – the crystal radius –the

van der Waals radius - covalent radius- ionic radius. Ionization energy - factors on

which ionization energies depend – electron affinity - electronegativity – Pauling’s

scale, Mulliken’s scale.

Unit III

Radioactivity and Nuclear transformation ( 12 hours)

Introduction-radioactive emanations-the disintegration theory-modes of

decay-group displacement law-nuclear transformation and artificial radioactivity-

neutron as a projectile-artificial transmutation of elements-classification of nuclear

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UG Chem. 9

reactions-nuclear fission-nuclear fusion-hydrogen bomb-the transuranium elements-

hazards of radiation-applications of radioisotopes.

Unit IV (12 hours)

Theory of Chemical Bonding – I

a) Ionic bond: Introduction- characteristics of electrovalent compounds-

variable electrovalence- inert pair effect.

b) Covalent bond: Introduction- polarity of bonds - characteristics of covalent

compounds – Fajan’s rule ..

c) Coordinate bond: Introduction - characteristics of compound containing

coordinate linkage.

d)The Hydrogen bond-the van der Waals attraction.

Unit V (12 hours)

Theory of Chemical Bonding – II

Introduction- geometry of molecules and hybridization – hybridization in

methane, ethylene, acetylene, PCl5, SF6, IF7.Resonance-the valence shell electron pair

repulsion theory : postulates- shapes of molecules like water, ammonia, carbon

dioxide,sulphur dioxide. Molecular orbital theory:relative order of energies of

molecular orbitals- relationship between electronic configuration and molecular

behaviour - application to homonuclear diatomic molecules: H2, H2+, He2, B2, N2, O2,

F2, Ne2.Comparative studies of VB and MO theories.

Text books :

1. R.Gopalan, P.S.subramanian, K.Rengarajan(2003), Elements Of Analytical

Chemistry,Sultan Chand & Sons, III edition.

Unit I: Page No.1-18, 82-94.

2. P.L.Soni( 2001), Inorganic Chemistry, Sultan Chand & Sons, XX revised

edition.

Unit II: Chapter 4. Page No.81-103.

Unit III: Chapter 6. Page No.142-144,146-148, Page No.158-160.162-170.

Unit IV Chapter 7, Page No.177-197.

Unit V:Chapter :8 Page No.212-218,.222-227,230-231,236-244.

Reference books :

1. J. D. Lee(2003), Concise Inorganic Chemistry, Blackwell Science Ltd., V

edition.

2. Puri & Sharma(2008), Principles Of Inorganic Chemistry, Milestone

publishers &Distributors, XXX edition.

Page 10 of 146

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SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER I

14UCH12– PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY -I




No. of credits : 03

Objectives:


To have a basic idea about mathematical concepts.

to understand the kinetic theory of ideal gases.

to study the electric and magnetic properties in depth

to know about the behavior of real gases

to study in detail about liquid state and liquid crystals

Unit I (9hours)

Mathematical Concepts:

Curve Sketching, linear graphs and slopes. Differentiation - derivative of a

function, differentiation formulas – the chain rule– partial differentiation – Euler

reciprocal relation – cyclic rule. Integration. Permutations and combinations.

Probability. Other mathematical relations -vectors, matrices, determinants, complex

numbers, the Sterling’s Approximation.

Unit II (9hours)

Catalysis

Introduction - characteristics, types – acid-base catalysis - kinetics, enzyme

catalysis – mechanism and kinetics, effect of temperature on enzyme catalysis –

Heterogeneous catalysis: surface reactions – kinetics of surface reactions-

unimolecular, bimolecular – pH dependence of rate constants of catalyzed reactions

– autocatalysis and oscillatory reactions.

Unit III (9hours)

Kinetic theory of gases

Kinetic molecular theory of gases. The Maxwell Distribution of molecular

velocities (no derivation). Types of molecular velocities – the most probable velocity,

average velocity, root mean square velocity and their derivations from Maxwell

Distribution of molecular velocities.

Gaseous state – Real gases

Other equations of state –Dieterici equation, Berthelot equation, clausius

equation, Redlich –Kwong equation, Virial equation of state. Intermolecular forces-

nature of the van der Waal’s interactions – second Virial coefficient and molecular

diameter.

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UG Chem. 11

Unit IV (9hours)

Liquid state

The vacancy theory of liquids –free volume in a liquid- vapour pressure, heat

of vaporization – surface tension, surface energy, effect of temperature on surface

tension.Surface active agents. Viscosity-effect of temperature on viscosity-the hole

theory, effect of pressure, Reynold’s number. Refraction, refractive index, specific

refraction, molar refraction, molar refraction of a solid.Optical activity-structure of

liquids.

Unit V (9hours)

Liquid Crystal

Mesomorphic state – vapour pressure–temperature diagram – thermography.

Classification of thermotropic liquid crystals – smectic liquid crystals, nematic liquid

crystals, compounds exhibiting both smectic and nematic characters, cholesteric

liquid crystals, disc shaped liquid crystals and polymer liquid crystals.

Text Book:

1. B.R.Puri & L.R.Sharma and S.Pathania, (2013) Principles of Physical Chemistry ,

Vishal Publishing Company, New Delhi, 46th

edition.

Unit I

Chapter: 0 - A, Page Number: 1 - 17

Unit II

Chapter: 30, Page No: 1147-1162.

Unit III

Chapter: 9, Page Number: 450, 454-455, 456-458.

Chapter: 10, Page Number: 484-488

Unit IV

Chapter: 11, Page Number: 499-515.

Unit V


Reference Books:

1. D.A.Bajpai, (1998),Advanced Physical Chemistry, S. Chand & Company

Ltd., New Delhi, III edition.

2. S.Glasstone, (2000), Thermodynamics for Chemists, Van Nostrand, IV

edition.

Page 12 of 146

UG Chem. 12


SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER II

MAJOR PAPER

14UCH21 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - I




No. of credits : 05

Objectives:


to know about the fundamental concepts of organic chemistry.

to understand the various types of reaction intermediates.

to know about the chemistry of aliphatic alcohols and ethers.

to know about the halogen derivatives of aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Unit I (15 hours)

Introduction to Organic Chemistry

a) Classification of organic compounds - IUPAC system of nomenclature-

naming complex compounds- writing IUPAC names for compounds

containing more than one functional group - writing the structural formula

from the given IUPAC name.

b) Cleavage and formation of bonds-homolytic and heterolytic cleavage.

c) Types of organic reactions- substitution reactions, elimination reactions,

addition reactions and rearrangements, polymerization reactions.

d) Reactive intermediates- Carbocation -stability of Carbocation - formation of

free radicals-stability of free radicals- free radical mechanism- formation and

stability of carbanions and carbenes

Unit II (15 hours)

a) Determination of molecular weights- molecular mass of volatile

compounds, molecular mass of non-volatile compounds-Cryoscopic method,

Ebullioscopic method and Silver salt method-Volumetic method for

molecular mass of acids and bases.

b) Alkanes- Nomenclature of the alkanes-structural isomerism in alkanes-

general methods of preparation of alkanes- Wurtz synthesis, Corey-House

synthesis, Kolbe’s electrolytic reaction, Sabatier and Senderen’s reaction-

physical properties of the alkanes -chemical properties of the alkanes.

Unit III (15 hours)

a) Alkenes: Nomenclature- general methods of preparation-Saytzeff’s rule,

Hofmann elimination- physical properties- spectroscopic properties-chemical

properties-electrophilic addition- Markownikoff’s rule- oxidation -

substitution reactions- isomerisation - polymerization.

b) Alkadienes: Molecular orbital picture of dienes – preparation of conjugated

dienes -properties of 1,3-diene-addition reactions-effect of temperature – free

radical addition reactions of conjugated dienes –Diels-Alder reaction-relative

stability of dienes.

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UG Chem. 13

c) Alkynes: preparation of alkynes-manufacture of acetylene –physical

properties -chemical properties of alkynes-electrophilic addition reactions,

nucleophilic addition reactions, formation of acetylides, substitution with

halogens, polymerization, oxidation and isomerisation. Ascent and descent

series and typical conversion.

Unit IV (15 hours)

Halogen derivatives of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

a) Alkyl Halides: Nomenclature-isomerism- general methods of preparation-

general properties of the alkyl halides- spectroscopic properties, physical

properties, chemical properties- (Mechanism only) mechanism of substitution

– SN1 and SN2-mechanism of elimination – E1 and E2.

b) Dihalogen derivatives: Nomenclature- general methods of preparation-

general properties and reactions.

c) Trihalogen derivatives: Chloroform-preparation, properties of chloroform-

Reimer-Tiemann reaction. Analytical tests for chloroform. Iodoform-

preparation, properties and uses.

d) Unsaturated halogen compounds: Vinyl chloride- preparation, properties and

cause for low reactivity of vinyl chloride.

Allyl halides: Allyl chloride, allyl iodide- preparation, properties and uses.

Westron, Westrosol and Freon- preparation and properties.

Unit V (15 hours)

Aliphatic Nitrogen Compounds

a) Amines: Nomenclature-structure of amines and optical activity- general

methods of preparation-Hofmann degradation, Mendius reaction, Gabriel

phthalimide synthesis and Curtius rearrangement. Separation of mixture of

amines- general physical properties of amines-spectroscopic analysis of

amines-chemical properties-Liebermann’s nitroso reaction, carbylamine

reaction, Hofmann mustard oil reaction. Separation of primary, secondary and

tertiary amines. Quaternary ammonium salts –phase transfer catalyst- ascent

and descent of series

b) Alkyl cyanides: Nomenclature - preparation - physical properties-spectral

characteristics-chemical properties-Stephen reaction. Alkyl isocyanides-

isonitriles-nomenclature, preparation, properties. Distinguishing tests of ethyl

cyanide and ethyl isocyanide.

Text Book : 1.P.L Soni & H.M Chawla (2007),Organic Chemistry , Sultan Chand &

Sons, XXIX edition.

Unit I: Chapter-8: Page No. 1.94-1.112, Chapter-9:1.114-1.122,

Chapter-10: Page No. 1.131- 1.133, 1.137- 1.160.

Unit II: Chapter 5 Page No.1.40-1.44 Part II, Part II Chapter 1, Page No :2.1-2.24.

UnitIII: Part II Chapter-1: Page No. 2.26-2.53, Chapter-2: Page No. 2.62-2.71,

Chapter- 3:2.80-2.97.

Unit IV: Chapter-5: Page No. 2.112-2.129, 2.138-2.146, and 2.147-2.150.

Unit V : Chapter 15: Page No. 2.369-2.390,Chapter 16: Page No. 2.394-2.399.

Reference Books :

1) B.S.Bahl & Arun Bahl(2001), Advanced Organic Chemistry , S.Chand & Co.

2) I .L . Finar-Vol-I(2000), Organic Chemistry, Longman scientific and technical,VI

edition.

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UG Chem. 14


SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER I & II

MAJOR PAPER

14UCH2L – SEMI MICRO INORGANIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS




No. of credits : 04

Objectives:

To enable the students To acquire skill in semi micro inorganic qualitative analysis.

Analysis of a mixture containing two cations and two anions of which one is an

interfering ion – Semi micro methods

Anions: Carbonate, Chloride, Bromide, Nitrate, Sulphate, Borate, Fluoride,

Oxalate, Chromate, Phosphate.

Cations: Bismuth, Copper, Cadmium, Iron, Aluminium, Zinc, Magnesium,

Cobalt, Nickel, Barium, Strontium, Calcium, Magnesium, Ammonium.

Reference Book :

1. Dr. V. V. Ramanujam, (1974), Inorganic semi micro qualitative analysis, The

National Publishing Company, III edition, reprinted 2004.

2. Vogel’s, (2001) Text book of Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Addition

Wesley Longman, VII edition.

No of Sessions – 30

S.No. Nature of work Number of

sessions

1 Demonstration

Acid Radicals 3

Basic Radicals 3

2 Analysis of Acid Radicals 4

3 Analysis of Basic Radicals 4

4 Analysis of Salt Mixture 13

5 Revision 2

6 Model 1

Total 30

Page 15 of 146

UG Chem. 15


SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER III

MAJOR PAPER

14UCH31 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II




No. of credits : 03

Objectives:


to know about the mechanism of aromatic substitution

to know about the chemistry of aromatic hydrocarbons and nitro compounds

to know about the chemistry of phenol and aromatic alcohols

to understand the reactions of polynuclear hydrocarbons.

Unit I (9 hours)

Introduction to aromatic compounds and aromatic substitution

a. Aromatic compounds

Reasons for separate classification of aromatic compounds- Nomenclature –

isomerism in benzene derivatives- Homologous series named after the hydrocarbons

of aryl groups- Homologous series named after the name of acids –

Orientation:Korner’s absolute method, The relative method, Dipolemoment

measurement method –substitution in the benzene ring- Directive influence of

groups- Introduction of a third group into the benzene ring- Seperation of isomers.

b. Aromatic Substitution

Mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution - halogenation, nitration,

sulphonation and Friedal Crafts reactions. Aromatic nucleophilic substitution-

Unimolecular substitution and bimolecular substitution & Benzyne mechanism.

Unit II (9 hours)

Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Halogen Compounds

a. Benzene- preparation- properties –uses- Aromaticity-Valence bond theory-

Molecular orbital theory-Huckel’s rule-Antiaromatic and nonaromatic compounds-

Toluene-preparation, properties and uses. Xylene- preparation and properties.

Mesitylene- preparation and properties.

b. Aromatic halogen compounds: General methods of preparation- Nuclear

derivatives-direct halogenation, Sandmeyer’s reaction, Gattermann reaction, Balz-

Schiemann reaction, Hundsdiecker reaction - general physical and chemical

properties –reactions of the halogen atom-nucleophilic aromatic substitution,

reduction, Wurtz-Fittig reaction, Ullmann synthesis,reactions of benzene nucleus-

low reactivity of aryl halides.

c.Side chain derivatives-preparation-General physical and chemical properties of

side chain derivatives-comparative study of nuclear and side chain derivatives.

Page 16 of 146

UG Chem. 16

Unit III (9 hours)

Aromatic nitro compounds and amino compounds

a. Aromatic nitro compounds: nitrobenzene - Preparation, properties and uses.

m-dinitro benzene- o- and p- dinitrobenzene – s- trinitrobenzene- nitrotoluene-

preparation –properties and uses – TNT

b. Aromatic amino compounds: Aniline - preparation, properties - basic nature,

reactions- acylation, alkylation, carbylamine reaction, action with grignard reagent-

diazotisation – action with carbonyl chloride- condensation with aldehydes- action

with carbon disulphide – oxidation- action with hypohalous acids- reaction of

benzene nucleus nitration and sulphonation - uses.

Unit IV (9 hours)

Phenols and Aromatic Alcohols a)Phenols: Preparation,physical properties,chemical properties-alkylation,

acetylation, Fries rearrangement, Elbs persulphate oxidation. Effects of substituents

on acidity of phenol-reduction with zinc dust, nitration, sulphonation, Liebermann’s

nitroso reaction, Kolbe’s reaction, Salol, Reimer-Tiemann reaction, condensation

reactions, Lederer-Manasse reaction-uses.

b)Dihydric phenols: Catechol, resorcinol and quinol- preparation and

properties and uses.

c)Trihydricphenols: Pyrogallol, hydroxyquinol, phloroglucinol preparation ,

properties and uses.

d) Aromatic alcohols: Benzyl alcohol – preparation, properties and uses.

Unit V (9 hours) Polynuclear Hydrocarbons and their Derivatives:

a. Naphthalene: Preparation – properties, uses and structure of naphthalene.

Derivatives of naphthalene – preparation, properties and uses of naphthylamine,

naphthols and naphthaquinones.

b. Anthracene: Preparation, properties, uses and structure - anthraquinone, alizarin

& phenanthrene: Preparation, properties, uses and structure.

Text book :

1.P.L Soni & HM Chawla(2007),Organic Chemistry ,Sultan Chand &

Sons,XXIX edition.

Unit I: Part III Chapter 1 Page No. 3.1- 3.16, 3.17-3.20;

Chapter 2 Page No. 3.44 - 3.47, 3.49- 3.55

Unit II : Part III Chapter 3 Page No.3.56- 3.65 , Chapter 4 Page No 3.78-

3.96

Unit III: Part III Chapter 6 Page No. 3.126- 3.135.

Chapter 7 Page No.3.143 -3.155

Unit IV: Part III Chapter 9: Page No: 3.216-3.235,3.240-3.249.

Unit V: Part III Chapter 12: Page No: 3.327-3.350,3.354-3.372.

Reference Books :

1. Robert Thornton Morrison & Robert Neilson Boyd(1995),Organic Chemistry,

Prentice Hall of India, VI edition.

. 2. K.S Tewari and N.K.Vishnoi(2010),A Text Book Of Organic Chemistry, Vikas

publishing house Pvt Ltd, III edition

3. I L.Finar-Vol-I(2000), Organic Chemistry ,Longman scientific and technical,

VI edition.

Page 17 of 146

UG Chem. 17


SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER III-MAJOR PAPER

14UCH32 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II




No. of credits : 04

Objectives:


to understand the chemistry of d-block elements

to understand the theory of acids and bases

to apply the theoretical knowledge about volumetric analysis

to give an exposure to the metallic carbonyls

Unit I (12hours)

Chemistry of d-block Elements General characteristics - electronic configuration of I, II and III transition series

- metallic character, molar volumes and densities, atomic and ionic radii, m.pts and

b.pts, ionisation energies, reactivity, oxidation states, standard electrode potentials,

colour, magnetic properties, catalytic properties, complexing tendency, reducing

tendency, non-stoichiometry and abundance - analytical aspects of d-block elements.

Unit II (12 hours)

Acids and bases

Modern concepts of acids and bases – Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry,

concepts of acids and bases – acidity of a base, basicity of an acid - levelling effect

and levelling solvents. Lux-Flood concept –Lewis concept - molecular structure and

relative acidity or basicity for HY and HOY molecules – Usanovich concepts – hard

and soft acids and bases - Pearsons concept.

Non – aqueous Solvents

Classification – liquid ammonia – alkali metals in liquid ammonia – cavity

model – chemical reactions in liquid ammonia - acid base neutralization, solvolysis

reactions, amphoteric behaviour and precipitation reactions.

Unit III (12 hours)

Principles of volumetric analysis

Introduction – definitions: titration, back titration, end point, equivalence

point, indicator, standard solution. Standardization – characteristics of standardization

– requirements of the primary standard – concentration units – molarity - equivalent

weight - relationship between quantities of reacting substances - types of titrations –

neutralization - oxidation-reduction - complex formation - precipitation titrations -

indicators for acid-base titrations – precipitation titrations – redox titrations – redox

indicators – self indicators – external indicators – complexometric titrations –

metallochromic indicators.

Page 18 of 146

UG Chem. 18

Unit IV (12hours)

Metallic Carbonyls

Introduction - general methods of preparation – general properties – structure

and nature of M-CO bonding in carbonyls: mononuclear carbonyls, dinuclear

carbonyls, trinuclear carbonyls. Effective Atomic Number (EAN) rule as applied to

metallic carbonyls: mononuclear carbonyls having the metallic atom with even atomic

number, mononuclear carbonyls having the metallic atom with odd atomic number,

polynuclear carbonyls - Preparation, properties, uses and structure of nickel tetra

carbonyl, iron penta carbonyl - chromium hexa carbonyl, dimanganese deca

carbonyl, dicobalt octa carbonyl.

Unit V (12 hours)

Chemistry of the Metals

Rare elements of Group IVA- Titanium- occurrence-extraction-metallurgy-

properties-uses. Titanium compounds –oxides of titanium-uses.

Preparation, properties, technical applications and analytical chemistry of the

following metals.

i) Titanium ii) Zirconium iii) Vanadium iv) Molybdenum v) Tungsten

Text Book:

1)P.L.Soni(2007), Inorganic Chemistry, Sultan Chand & Sons, XX edition.

Unit I : Chapter 1- Page No.3.1-3.19, Chapter 13-Page No..3.370-3.381.

Unit II: Chapter11- Page No.321-349.

2) R.Gopalan, P.S.Subramanian, K.Rengarajan(2010), Elements of Analytical

Chemistry, Unit III: Chapter 8 page 98-113, 116-119.

3) Wahid U. Malik, G.D. Tuli, R.D. Madan, Selected topic in Inorganic Chemistry,

Unit IV: Chapter 19 page 567-591.

4) O.H. Mathur and D.P Tandon(1986),Chemistry Of Rare Elements, S.Chand

& Co., IV Edition.

Unit V:Page No.62-82,102-116,124-139141-148.

Reference Book:

1) R.D. Madan(1994), Modern Inorganic Chemistry, S. Chand & Co., Ltd.,

New Delhi.

2) Satya Prakash(2006),Advanced Chemistry Of Rare Elements, S.Chand &

Co., IV Edition.

Page 19 of 146

UG Chem. 19


SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER IV

MAJOR PAPER

14UCH41 –PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-II



Total number of hours per semester: 75

No. of credits : 05

Objectives:

To enable the students.

to gain basic knowledge about quantum chemistry.

to get basic and application oriented knowledge of phase rule.

to be familiar with fundamentals of electrochemistry.

to have basic idea of solid state chemistry.

To gain basic knowledge in colligative properties

Unit I (15 hours)

Quantum Mechanics

Dual nature of electron – de Broglie’s equation - experimental verification –

Davisson-Germer experiment. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle - Compton effect.

Introduction to quantum mechanics – postulates – Schrodinger wave equation –

derivation. Operators in quantum mechanics, commutation of operators – particle in a

1- D box – Zeeman effect, Pauli’s exclusion principle – Aufbau principle – Hund’s

rule.

Unit II (15 hours)

Phase rule and distribution

Definition of terms – one component system (H2O), two component system –

simple eutectic (Pb –Ag), compound with congruent melting point(FeCl3- H2O),

compound with incongruent melting point and two component system in which solid

and gas phases exit in equilibrium (CuSO4.5H2O).Nernst distribution law –

derivation, deviations and applications.

Unit III (15 hours)

Solutions of Non-electrolytes

a) Solutions of liquids in liquids - concentration units – Rauolt’s law – total

vapour pressures of ideal solutions – total vapour pressure in terms of mole fractions

of the components in vapour phase – activity of a component in an ideal solution –

chemical potentials of ideal and non-ideal solutions – temperature dependence of

vapour pressure of a solution. Thermodynamics of ideal solutions – Gibbs free energy

change, volume change and enthalpy change, entropy change of mixing for an ideal

solution. Vapour pressures of real solutions – vapour pressure-composition and

boiling point-composition curves of completely miscible binary solutions – fractional

distillation of binary liquid solutions – the Lever rule and fractional distillation

Page 20 of 146

UG Chem. 20

b) Solubility of partially miscible liquids – phenol-water system, aniline –

hexane system, triethylamine-water system, nicotine-water system.

c) Solutions of gases in liquids – factors influencing the solubility of a gas –

Henry’s law and Rauolts law.

Unit IV (15 hours)

Solid State Chemistry

Introduction – crystalline solids, amorphous solids – difference between

crystalline and amorphous solids – size and shape of crystals – interfacial angles.

Symmetry in crystal systems –space lattice and unit cell – Bravais lattice – Miller

indices - types of crystals structures of metallic crystals – structures of ionic crystals

– crystals of the type AX – structure of ZnS, CsCl – crystals of the type AX2 –

structure of CaF2, TiO2,SiO2. Lattice energy of an ionic crystal – calculation of lattice

energies of ionic crystals.

Unit V (15 hours)

Colligative properties of dilute solutions

Colligative properties -vapour pressure lowering, Osmosis and Osmotic

pressure-derivation of expression for calculating Osmotic pressure, determination of

molar mass from Osmotic pressure measurement, relation between Osmotic pressure

and vapour pressure lowering of ideal solution. Boiling point elevation-determination

of molar mass from boiling point elevation. Freezing point depression-determination

of molar mass from freezing point depression - Degree of dissociation.

Text Book :

1. Puri, Sharma and Pathania, (2012-13), Principles of physical chemistry,Vishal

publishing company. New Delhi , XXXXVI edition.

Unit I

Chapter: 1: Page Number: 33-52, 84-87.

Unit II

Chapter: 18: Page No.: 661-665,667-671,679-683,685-690, Chapter: 19: Page No :

697-705.

2. Puri, 3.Sharma and Pathania, (201-11), Principles of physical chemistry,Vishal

publishing company. New Delhi , XXXXIV edition Chapter: 17: Page No : 634-

635.

.Unit III

Chapter: 21 Page No.: 750-757, 759-768,770-777.

Unit IV

Chapter: 31 Page No.: 1165-1176,1188-1192.

Unit V

Chapter: 22 Page No.: 778-785,788-799.

Reference Books:

1. D.N. Bajpai, (1998), Advanced Physical Chemistry, S.Chand & Company Ltd,

New

Delhi, III edition.

2.A.K.Chandra, (1988), Introduction to Quantum Chemistry, McGraw Hill

publishing

company, New Delhi, IV edition.

Page 21 of 146

UG Chem. 21


SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY- SEMESTER III & IV

MAJOR PRACTICAL PAPER

14UCH4L - VOLUMETRIC ESTIMATION




No. of credits : 04

Objectives:


to apply theoretical knowledge to laboratory work.

to develop skill in volumetric analysis.

Volumetric Estimation:

A double titration involving the making up of the solution to be estimated and

the preparation of a primary standard.

List of Experiments:

a) Acidimetry and alkalimetry

1.Estimation of NaOH / KOH (Std.AR.Sodium Carbonate)

2. Estimation of H2SO4 (Std.AR.Oxalic acid)

3. Estimation of HCl (Std.AR.Oxalic acid)

4. Estimation of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate in a mixture

(Winkle’s Warder’s method)

b) Redox titrations:

i) Permanganometry 5. Estimation of ferrous ion

6. Estimation of calcium (direct method)

7. Estimation of oxalic acid.

ii) Dichrometry

8. Estimation of potassium dichromate – internal indicator.

9. Estimation of ferrous ion– internal indicator.

10. Estimation of ferric ion by reduction with stannous chloride – external

indicator.

iii) Iodometry

11. Estimation of potassium permanganate.

12. Estimation of copper.

c) Complexometry : 13.Estimation of copper using EDTA.

14.Estimation of zinc using EDTA.

15.Estimation of Magnesium using EDTA.

16. Estimation of Aluminium using EDTA

d) 17.Hardness of water

18. Estimation of Borate

Page 22 of 146

UG Chem. 22

Textbook:

1. Bassett et-al , (2006)Vogel’s textbook of quantitative inorganic analysis,

ELBS., Longman ,IV edtition.

2. Furniss et-al, (2007) Vogel’s textbook of practical organic chemistry, ELBS,

Longman, V edition.

No of sessions – 30

S.No Nature of Work

Number

Of

Sessions

1 Demonstration 2

2 Regular practical class 22

3 Revision Exam 2

4 Model Exam 2

5 Review of the revision and model exam 2

Page 23 of 146

UG Chem. 23


SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER V

MAJOR PAPER

14UCH51 - ORGANIC AND PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY




No. of credits : 05

Objectives:


to study the chemistry of organic compounds – aliphatic and aromatic

aldehydes and ketones.

to understand the chemistry of carboxylic acids, substituted acids and its

derivatives .

to study the chemistry of alicyclic compounds.

to know about the biological importance of carbohydrates.

to know the importance of pharmaceutical chemistry.

Unit I (18 hours)

a)Aliphatic Aldehydes and ketones Nomenclature and structure of carbonyl group - general methods of preparation-

physical properties - acidity of - hydrogen- chemical reactions-nucleophilic addition

reactions- condensation reactions- Aldol condensation- Enolisation- Haloform

reaction- Alkylation- Polymerisation- Acetal formation- Addition of Ammonia and

caustic soda- Tischenko reaction – Schiff’s test- Cannizaro reaction - oxidation of

aldehydes- reduction by MPV, Clemmensen, Wolf-Kishner, LiAlH4 and NaBH4

b)Unsaturated aldehydes and ketones - acrolein, crotonaldehyde, methyl -

vinyl ketone, mesityl oxide, Phorone

c)Hydroxyaldehydes and ketones – glycolaldehyde, dialdehydes and diketones

– glyoxal and acetyl acetone.

Unit II (18 hours )

Aromatic Aldehydes and ketones

a)Aromatic aldehydes: general methods of formation - Stephen’s method,

Etard reaction- Sommelet’s method, Gattermann-koch reaction, Grignard reaction,

Gatterman aldehyde synthesis, Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Vilsmeier formylation

reaction- general properties – chemical reactions- Claisen, Perkin, Benzoin,

Knoevenagal, Reformatsky reaction. Cinnamaldehyde-Salicyladehyde- Anisaldehyde-

Protocatechualdehyde

b)Aromatic ketones: acetophenone-benzophenone- methods of formation-

Hoesch synthesis- physical properties- chemical reactions- quinones-p-benzoquinone,

o-benzoquinone-methods of formation-properties.

Page 24 of 146

UG Chem. 24

Unit III (18 hours)

Carboxylic acid and derivatives a)Aromatic mono carboxylic acids – Nomenclature - structure and bonding -

acidity of carboxylic acids - effects of substituents on acid strength - Benzoic acid and

Phenyl acetic acid - methods of formation and reactions.

b)Dicarboxylic acids - action of heat on dicarboxylic acids- phthalic acid-

phthalic anhydride and phthalimide – preparation, properties and uses.

c)Unsaturated mono carboxylic acids: acrylic acid, crotonic acid and

cinnamic acid - preparations and reactions.

d)Substituted acids: halo acids – HVZ reaction – hydroxy acids – glycolic

acid, lactic, malic, citric and tartaric acids - preparation and properties – action of heat

on -, - and - hydroxy acids, mandelic acid and salicylic acid.

Unit IV (18 hours)

Chemotherapy and application of a few drugs (Elementary study)

a) Introduction- the nature and sources of drugs .

b) Sulpha drugs - mode of action of sulphadrugs-Sulphadiazine, prontosil and

prontosil-s.

c) Antimalarials – quinones, plasmoquin.

d) Arsenical drugs – Salvarsan-606, Neosalvarsan.

e) Antibiotics – definition – Pencillins, Tetracyclins (Aureomycein and

Teramycin) Streptomycin and Chloromycetin – structure – uses (structural

elucidation not necessary).

f) Harmones and Vitamins: definitions and classification – Testosterone,

Progestrone, Tyrosine, Vitamin C – structure only (structural elucidation not

necessary).

Unit V (18 hours)

Analgesics, Antipyretics and Anaesthetics

a) Narcotic analgesics – Morphine and derivatives – synthetic analgesics

Pethidines and Methadones – Antipyretic analgesics – Salicylic acid derivatives-

Indomethacin –

p- aminophenol derivatives.

b) Anaesthetics : General anaesthetics – volatile general anaesthetics – non-

volatile general anaesthetics - vinyl ether – halohydrocarbons – chloroform –

halothane – cyclopropane – trichloroethylene- Intravenous anaesthetics –

Thiopentone- Sodium propanidid- Local anaesthtics- Cocaine and its derivatives.

Textbook :

1) P. L.Soni, (2007), Textbook of organic chemistry , Sultan Chand & sons, XXIX

edition.

Unit-I

Part II-Chapter X-- Page No 2.224-2.270.

Unit-II

Part III-Chapter X- Page No.3.258-3.284.

Unit-III

Part III-Chapter XI- Page No.3.291-3.296, Part III-Chapter IX- Page No.3.314-

3.322, Part III-Chapter XI- Page No.3.311-3.314, Part III-Chapter X- Page

No.3.304-3.308.Chapter XX-Page No. 2.462-2.472

Page 25 of 146

UG Chem. 25

Unit IV

Part IV- Chapter VII- Page No.4.186-4.197, 4.157-4.161,4.166-4.167.

2) G.R.Chatwal,(1991) Pharmaceutical chemistry –volume II-,GOEL publishers ltd.,

II edition

Unit IV

Chapter VI:Page no.105-121.

Unit V

Chapter XX- Page No.208- 219.

3) Jayashree ghosh (2003) Textbook of pharmaceutical chemistry, Chapter 16 and 17,

Page No.169-190, Sultan Chand and company limited, NewDelhi,

Page 26 of 146

UG Chem. 26


SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER V

MAJOR PAPER

14UCH5E1- INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – III




No. of credits : 05

Objectives:


to know about coordination compounds.

to acquire an insight into the chemistry of boranes and silicates

to have an idea about bioinorganic chemistry

to understand the chemistry of zero group elements

UNIT - I (15 hours)

Coordination Chemistry I

Introduction – double salts – coordination or complex compounds – complex

ions and complex compounds – representation of coordination compounds – Werner

theory - detection of complexes: conductometric methods, typical chemical

reactions, changes in pH values, solubility measurements, polarographic studies, X-

ray method. Physical properties: nomenclature of complex compounds – isomerism

in inorganic complexes – ionization isomerism – hydrate isomerism – linkage

isomerism – coordination isomerism – coordination position isomerism –

polymerization isomerism – geometric isomerism – optical isomerism - bonding and

stability of complexes – Sidgwick theory .

UNIT - II (15 hours)

Coordination Chemistry II

a) Valence bond theory: Introduction – postulates – geometry of complexes

based on VB theory – limitations.

b) Crystal field theory: Introduction – postulates – filling up of electrons

in the orbitals – crystal field theory applied to octahedral, tetrahedral and square

planar complexes.

c) Coordination complexes of chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, platinum.

UNIT – III (15 hours)

a) Electron deficient compounds

Intoduction - hydrides of Boron - general methods of preparation of boranes –

general properties of boranes. Diborane: preparation, properties, uses, structure and

bonding. Structure and bonding in higher boranes: tetraborane – pentaborane – 9,

pentaborane-11, hexaborane-10, decaborane-14..

Page 27 of 146

UG Chem. 27

b) Silicones and silicates

Introduction – preparation, properties and uses of silicones. Silicates:

classification of silicates: orthosilicates, pyrosilicates, chain silicates, cyclic silicates,

sheet silicates and three dimensional silicates. Feldspar – zeolites – ultramarines.

UNIT IV (15 hours)

Bioinorganic chemistry Carbonic anhydrase – peroxidases - catalases - cytochromes - P-450- role of

alkali and alkaline earth metal ions in biological systems - role of sodium and

potassium ions, Na+-K

+ pump - role of Mg

2+ and Ca

2+ ions. Biological functions and

toxicity of the following elements - chromium, manganese, copper, selenium,

mercury, lead, iron, zinc, arsenic and radioactive elements. Biological fixation of

nitrogen - toxic effects of carbon monoxide.

UNIT V (15 hours)

Elements of Group Zero

Introduction – position in the periodic table – history of discovery of the noble

gases – occurrence – isolation of noble gases – separation of noble gases – general

properties of noble gases – theoretical importance of noble gases – compounds of

xenon: XeF2, XeF4, XeF6, XeO2, XeOF4. Compounds of krypton – valence bond

approach to XeF2, XeF4 – clathrates.

Text book:

P.L.Soni, textbook of Inorganic Chemistry, Sultan Chand & Sons, 20th

revised

edition.

Reference Books:

UNIT - I


edition.

Chapter 2 page 3.22 – 3.44.

UNIT - II


revised

edition.

Chapter 2 page 3.45 – 3.70.

UNIT – III

a) Wahid U. Malik, G.D. Tuli, R.D. Madan, Selected topic in Inorganic Chemistry,

Chapter 18 page 551 -566.

b) P.L.Soni, textbook of Inorganic Chemistry, Sultan Chand & Sons, 20th

edition.

Chapter 25 page 2.335 – 2.343.

UINT - IV

B.R.Puri, L.R.Sharma, K.C.Kalia, (2010-11), Principles of Inorganic Chemistry,

Milestone publishers and distributors, XXX I edition.

Chapter 37 Page 1062 – 1072.

Chapter 38 Page 1075 – 1076.

UNIT – V


revised

edition.

Chapter 40 page 2.718 – 2.741.

Page 28 of 146

UG Chem. 28


SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER V

14UCH5E2 –NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY RESOURCES




No. of credits : 05

Objectives:

To enable the students,

to know about renewable energy resources

to have an idea about the technology of harnessing renewable energy

to understand the theory and principles of solar devices used for utilization

of solar energy

to have an insight into the applications of renewable energy resources

To inspire about energy scenario in India

UNIT I (15 hours)

Fundamentals of Energy Science and Technology

Introduction –energy sectors- oil crisis of 1973- classification of energy

resources- consumption trend of primary energy resources-importance of non

conventional energy sources- energy chain -common forms of energy -advantages and

disadvantages of conventional energy sources- salient features of non conventional

energy sources –environmental aspects of energy –energy densities of various fuels-

world energy status- energy scenario in India.

UNIT II (15 hours)

a)SolarEnergy

Solar Energy: Introduction, the Sun, Extra terrestrial and terrestrial radiation.

b)Solar Thermal System:

Introduction- solar collector: flat plate collector, modified flat plate collector,

fixed mirror solar concentrator-solar water heater- solar passive space heating and

cooling systems, solar industrial heating systems-solar cooker: box type solar cooker,

community solar cooker and advanced solar cooker- solar desalination.

UNIT III (15 hours)

Solar photo voltaic systems

Introduction, advantages and disadvantages of solar PV systems -solar cell

fundamentals- semi conductors, p-n junction, generation of electron- hole pair by

photon absorption, photo conduction-solar cell classification on the basis of type of

active material- solar PV panel- solar PV array-solar PV systems - solar PV

applications.

Page 29 of 146

UG Chem. 29

UNIT IV (15 hours)

Wind energy and Biomass Energy

a)Wind energy:

Introduction- wind turbine setting- major applications of wind power. Wind

turbine types and their construction- horizontal axis wind turbine- vertical wind

turbine.Wind energy programme in India.

b)Biomass Energy:

Introduction-advantages and disadvantages-biofuels- biomass resources-

biomass conversion technologies- urban waste to energy conversion- biogas

production from waste biomass. Classification of biogas plants – floating drum and

fixed type biogas plants.

UNIT V (15 hours)

Geothermal and Ocean energy

a)Geothermal energy :

Introduction-applications-types of geothermal resource- hydrothermal

resources-vapour dominated system-geopressured resources-magma resources-

geothermal energy in India.

b)Ocean energy:

Introduction - tidal energy- origin and nature of tidal energy -limitation of tidal

energy- tidal energy technology- ocean tidal energy conversion schemes.

Text Books:

B. H . Khan,(2006) Non Conventional Energy Resources, Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing company Ltd,. I edition.

Unit I – Chapters 1.to Chapters 1.14.

Unit II- Chapters 4.2, 4.5 5.1, 5.2, 5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.25.5, 5.2.9, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7, 5.10

Unit III- Chapters 6.1, 6.2.1, 6.2.2, 6.2.3, 6.2.4, 6.4.3, 6.5.1, 6.5.3, 6.5.4, 6.9, 6.10

Unit IV- Chapters – 7.1, 7.4, 7.5, 7.8.1, 7.8.2, 7.13.

8.1, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.9, 8.9.1, 8.9.4, 8.9.5,

Unit V- Chapters – 9.1, 9.2, 9.4.1, 9.4.2, 9.4.4, 9.7,

10.1, 10.2, 10.2.1, 10.2.2, 10.2.3,

REFERENCES:

1. M.P.Agarwal (1983) ,Solar Energy, S.Chand & Company Ltd,

I edition .

2. G.D.Rai, (2003), Non–Conventional Energy Sources, Khanna

publishers,IV edition.

Page 30 of 146

UG Chem. 30


SIVAKASI.


B. SC. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER V

14UCH5E3– PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY- III




No. of credits : 05

Objectives:


to acquire basic knowledge in thermodynamics

to get basic ideas about polymer chemistry

to understand the symmetry of molecules.

to know about the fundamentals of nanochemistry.

Unit I Thermodynamics I (15hours)

Terminology of thermodynamics. First law of thermodynamics –

mathematical formulation – statement, internal energy, energy changes in relation to

work and heat changes. State functions, exact and inexact differentials. Heat capacity

of a system – relation between Cp and Cv. Expansion of ideal gas – changes in

thermodynamic properties: Isothermal expansion – work done in reversible isothermal

expansion. Adiabatic expansion - final temperatures in reversible and irreversible

adiabatic expansions. Zeroth law of thermodynamics.

Limitations of first law of thermodynamics and need for second law of

thermodynamics. Spontaneous and irreversible processes, cyclic processes. Carnot

cycle, efficiency of a heat engine, Carnot’s theorem. The concept of entropy – entropy

changes in isothermal expansion of an ideal gas, entropy changes in reversible and

irreversible processes, entropy change accompanying phase change. Calculation of

entropy change of an ideal gas with change in P, V and T. Physical significance of

entropy.

Unit II Thermodynamics II (15hours)

Work function and free energy function – variation of Gibb’s free energy with

temperature and pressure – Maxwell’s relations. Criteria for reversible and

irreversible process in terms of Gibb’s free energy change – Gibb’s Helmholtz

equation.

Thermodynamics of open systems – partial molar properties, partial molar free

energy: concept of chemical potential, the Gibbs Duhem equation, variation of

chemical potential with temperature, variation of chemical potential with pressure,

chemical potential in a system of ideal gases. Clapeyron – Clausius equation,

integrated form of Clapeyron –Clausius equation for liquid ↔ vapour equilibria and solid ↔ liquid equilibria.

The Nernst heat theorem – third law of thermodynamics, determination of

absolute entropies of solids, liquids and gases, entropy changes in chemical reactions,

derivation of Boltzmann entropy equation, residual entropy.

Page 31 of 146

UG Chem. 31

Unit III (15hours)

Group Theory

Symmetry elements and symmetry operations – proper axis of rotation, plane

of symmetry, improper axis of rotation, centre of symmetry, the identity element.

Group postulates. Types of groups – abelian and non-abelian groups, cyclic groups.

Order of a group, sub group, multiplication tableC2v, C3v and C2h, similarity

transformation and conjugate elements, class. Transformation matrices. Point groups

– reducible and irreducible representation – Great orthogonality theorem (statement

only).

Unit IV (15 hours)

Polymers

Introduction - classification of polymers - polymerization reactions - molar

masses of polymer -determination of molar masses of macromolecules - viscometry,

Osmometry. Molar masses of charged macromolecules-Donnan membrane

equilibrium, ultracentrifugation, sedimentation-velocity method, sedimentation-

equilibrium method - light scattering. Stokes-Einstein equation, Einstein-

Smoluchowski(no derivation). Kinetics of polymerization - kinetics of addition and

condensation polymerization, molar mass distribution in step growth polymerization.

Unit – V (15hours)

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Introduction-synthesis (one method) and applications of the following

nanosystems: fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, self assembled monolayers, quantum dots,

metal nanoparticles.

Nanosensors-Introduction-nanosensors based on optical properties and

quantum size effects. Nanobiosensors. Nanotechnology in diagnostic applications.

Text Book:

1. B.R.Puri & L.R.Sharma and S.Pathania, (2008) Principles of Physical chemistry –Vishal Publishing Company, New Delhi, 43

rd edition.

Unit I



Unit II



Unit III


Unit IV

Chapter: 34, Page Number: 1273-1294, 1301-1306

2. T.Pradeep, (2011), Nano: The Essentials, Tata Mc Graw Hill Pvt. Ltd. New

Delhi, Sixth Reprint.

Unit V

Chapter: 3 Page No.: 94-95.

Chapter: 4 Page No.:117-119, 123-124.

Chapter: 5 Page No.: 144-153

Page 32 of 146

UG Chem. 32

Chapter: 7 Page No.: 182-187, 195-197

Chapter: 8 Page No.: 200-204, 206-208

Chapter: 12 Page No.: 283-284, 289-291, 296-298.

Chapter: 13 Page No.: 307-310

Reference Books:

1. F.A.Albert Cotton, (1990), Chemical Applications of group theory – Wiley

Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, , III edition..

2. D.A.Bajpai, (1998), Advanced Physical Chemistry – S. Chand & Company


3. S.Glasstone, (2000) Thermodynamics for Chemists, Van Nostrand, IV

edition.

Page 33 of 146

UG Chem. 33


SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER V

ELECTIVE PAPER

14UCH5E4 – COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN CHEMISTRY




No. Of credits : 05

Objectives:


to understand the fundamental concepts of C language.

to apply them to solve the chemistry problems.

to gain a thorough knowledge about Chem Draw.

to apply them to draw chemical structures.

Unit I (15 hours)

Programming in Ansi C

a) Introduction

Importance of C, Basic Structure of C Programmes, Programming Style,

Executing a ‘C’ Program.

b)Constants, Variables, and Data Types

Introduction, character set, c tokens, keywords and identifiers , constants ,

variables , data types , declaration of variables, declaration of storage class, assigning

values to variables, defining symbolic constant, declaring a variable as constant,

declaring a variable as volatile.

Unit II (15 hours)

a) Operators and Expressions

Introduction, arithmetic operators, relational operators, logical operators,

assignment operators , increment and decrement operators, conditional operators,

bitwise operators, special operators , arithmetic expressions, evaluation of

expressions , precedence of arithmetic operators, some computational problems, type

conversions in expressions, operator precedence and associativity, mathematical

functions.

b) Managing Input and Output Operations

Introduction, reading a character, writing a character , formatted input ,

formatted output

Unit III (15 hours)

Decision making

a)Decision Making and Branching

Introduction, decision making with if statement, simple if statement, the

if….else statement, nesting of if ….else statements, the else if Ladder, The switch statement, the ?: operator, the Goto statement.

Page 34 of 146

UG Chem. 34

b) Decision Making and Looping Introduction, the While statement, the do statement, the For statement, jumps

in loops.

Unit IV (15 hours)

C Programming in Chemistry:

To write C programmes for the following:

a) To classify a given nuclei as Bosons or Fermions.

b) To calculate the ionic strength of the electrolyte.

c) To find whether a molecule can have dipole moment or not on the

basis of symmetry using OR operator.

d) To calculate NMR frequency.

e) To calculate RMS velocity.

f) To calculate d-spacing in a cubic crystal.

g) To calculate energy for the different values of vibrational levels and

rotational levels for a vibrating rotor.

h) To decide whether a tri atomic linear molecule is Centro symmetric

or not.

i) To calculate mean activity coefficient of an electrolyte.

j) To calculate De-Broglie wavelength.

Unit V (15 hours)

ChemDraw

Introduction: ChemDraw Basics-Starting ChemDraw-Working with documents-

creating a document, opening document, switching between open documents, saving

a document, saving a document with a different name or location, saving a document

in a different file format, discarding recent changes to a document, viewing the

location of a document (macintosh only).

Drawing chemical structures- automatic drawing structure from a chemical

name, Drawing bonds-single bonds, drawing with fixed lengths, drawing with fixed

angles, drawing unconstrained bonds, toggling fixed length and fixed angle, message

area, dative bonds and wedged bonds, adding bonds by dragging , multiple bonds,

double bonds, triple bonds. Ring tools, drawing a ring, drawing a ring by clicking,

drawing cyclohexane chair rings , drawing resonance delocalized rings, drawing

cyclopentadiene and benzene rings, Drawing acyclic chains, drawing settings for

bonds.

Calculation of total energy, energy of minimization, MM2.

Textbooks :

1. E. Balagurusamy, (1992), Programming in ANSI C, Tata Mcgraw hill

publishing company limited, New Delhi, , III edition.

Unit I

Chapter 1 (Page no. 2, 12-14)

Chapter 2 (Page no. 22-45)

Unit II



Unit III


Page 35 of 146

UG Chem. 35


2. K.V. Raman, (1993), Computers in chemistry, Tata Mcgraw hill publishing

company limited, New Delhi, II Reprint.

Unit IV & Unit V Internet Resources.

Page 36 of 146

UG Chem. 36


SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER V

MAJOR PAPER

14UCH5L1- PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL




No. Of credits : 05

Objectives:

To enable the students 1) to develop skills in physical chemistry practical.

2) to get training in the usage of conductivity bridge & potentiometer.

List of experiments: 1) Determination of molecular weight by transition temperature method using sodium

thiosulphate pentahydrate.

2) Determination of molecular weight by Cryoscopic method – Rast ‘ s method (Naphthalene)

Partition coefficient experiments: 3 ) Partition coefficient of I2 between CCI4 and H2O.

4) Study of the equilibrium: KI + I2

KI3

5) Determination of unknown concentration of Potassium iodide.

6) Determination of association factor of benzoic acid in benzene

7) Critical solution temperature - Study of CST of phenol - water system & Estimation of NaCl

8) Phase diagram –Naphthalene and biphenyl.

9) Phase diagram –Naphthalene and Para dichlorobenzene.

10) Phase diagram involving compound formation -Naphthalene &m- dinitrobenzene.

11) Phase diagram involving compound formation -m-dinitrobenzene & Acenaphthene

12) Thermochemistry - heat of solution of ammonium oxalate

13) Thermochemistry - heat of solution of Potassium dichromate

14) Thermochemistry - heat of solution of Potassium nitrate.

15) Viscosity: Determination of the composition of an unknown mixture

16) Kinetic studies: Relative strengths of acids by hydrolysis of an ester.

Electro chemistry 17) Conductometric titrations between a strong acid and a strong base.

18) Conductometric titrations between a weak acid and a strong base.

19) Conductometric titrations between mixture of acids and a strong base.

Potentiometric titrations:

20). Potassium permanganate vs Ferrous ammonium sulphate.

NO OF SESSIONS –15 (One Semester)

SNO NATURE OF WORK NO OF

SESSIONS

1 Demonstration 1


3 Revision 1

4 Model Exam 1

Total 15

Text Book:

A.O.Thomas and Mani, (1976), Text book of Practical Chemistry , Scientific

Publications, IVth

Revised Edition.

Page 37 of 146

UG Chem. 37


SIVAKASI.


B.Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER V & VI

MAJOR PRACTICALS

14UCH 6L1 – ORGANIC ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATION


Contact hours per week : 3+3

Total number of hours per semester : 45/45

No. of credits : 03

Objectives:


1. to carry out the analysis of given organic compounds.

2. to estimate the amount of given organic compound .

Analysis of organic compounds containing the following functional groups:

Acids, esters, phenols, amines, nitro compounds, anilides, aldehydes, ketones,

carbohydrates, urea, thiourea and aromatic amides.

Organic Estimation:

1. Estimation of aniline

2. Estimation of phenol.

3. Estimation of glucose by Bertrand’s method.

4. Estimation of glucose by Lane and Eynone method.

Organic Preparation:

Two stage preparations of

a) m-nitrobenzoic acid from methyl benzoate

b) p-bromoaniline from acetanilide.

No. of sessions: 30

No NATURE OF THE

WORK

No. OF SESSIONS

ALLOTTED

1. Demostration 2

2. Regular practical class 24

3. Revision exam 2

4. Model exam 2

Total no. of sessions 30

Reference Books:

1. Mani and Thomas, (1976), Practical chemistry, scientific publication,

cannanore, IV edition.

2. A.I.Vogel, (1986), Text book of practical organic chemistry, ELBS, IV

edition.

Page 38 of 146

UG Chem. 38


SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER VI

MAJOR PAPER

14UCH61 - PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY - IV




No. Of credits : 05

Objectives:


to undertake an in depth study of electrical conductance and ionic

equilibrium.

to undertake an application oriented study of electrochemical cells.

to study in detail the theory of the molecular spectroscopic principles.

to gain a thorough knowledge of kinetics of chemical reactions.

Unit I (18 hours)

Electrochemistry – I

a)Electrolytic conduction – specific - equivalent conductance , relation between

specific and equivalent conductance, molar conductance, cell constant – Hittorf’s

theoretical device, transport number - Determination (Hittorf’s method and the

moving boundary method). Applications of conductance measurements –determination of degree of dissociation of weak electrolytes, determination of ionic

product of water, determination of solubilities and solubility products of sparingly

soluble salts, conductometric titrations.

b)Ostwald’s dilution law - Situation in case of strong electrolytes - derivation of

Debye Hückel theory of strong electrolytes, Debye-Huckel Onsager equation (no

derivation), The Debye-Falkenhagen effect, The Wien effect. Activity coefficients of

electrolytes – mean ionic activity coefficient – ionic strength – Debye-Huckel theory

of mean ionic activity coefficients.

Unit II (18 hours)

Electrochemistry – II

a) Concentration cells – electrode concentration cells and electrolyte

concentration cells - types of electrolyte concentration cells – concentration cells

without transference, concentration cells with transference – liquid junction

potential. Fuel cells – Hydrogen-Oxygen fuel cell, Hydrocarbon-Oxygen fuel cell,

Applications of EMF measurements –determination of activity coefficients of

electrolytes, determination of transport numbers, determination of valency of ions in

doubtful cases, determination of the solubility products, determination of pH by

using hydrogen electrode, quinhydrone electrode and glass electrode, potentiometric

titrations(acid – base titrations, redox titrations, precipitation titrations), oxidation –

reduction indicators, oxidation – reduction indicators in volumetric analysis.

b) Irreversible electrode processes – overvoltage, applications of overvoltage –

electrodeposition of metals in aqueous solutions, corrosion of metals, inhibition of

corrosion. Polarography – concentration polarization, polarographic cell assembly,

advantages of using DME- applications of polarography – estimation of inorganic

Page 39 of 146

UG Chem. 39

and organic substances, analysis of mixtures, determination of diffusion coefficients,

determination of the stability constant of a metal-ion complex.

Unit III (18 hours)

Molecular Spectroscopy:

a) Introduction: Basic features of a spectrometer – natural line widths – width

and intensity of spectral lines – molecular spectra.

b) Microwave spectroscopy – rotational spectra of diatomic molecules.

C) Infra Red Spectroscopy: vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules and

Polyatomic molecules.

dd) Raman Spectroscopy: Raman scattering – quantum and classical theories,

rotational Raman spectrum of diatomic molecule - experimental Raman spectroscopy.

e)NMR Spectroscopy – NMR of bare nucleus – Larmor precession –

experimental technique - chemical shift – shielding and deshielding of proton – spin-

spin interaction, chemical shift - equivalent and magnetically equivalent nuclei.

Unit IV (18 hours))

Chemical Kinetics::

Experimental methods of studying kinetics of reactions - rate equation - rate

constant - order of a reaction -integration of rate expression for first order, second

order, third order and zero order reactions. Half life time of a reaction – t1/2 for first

order, second order and nth order reactions. Methods of determining the order of a

reaction– the use of integral rate expressions, the Half life method and isolation

method. Molecularity of a reaction – order and molecularity of simple and complex

reactions – mechanisms of complex reactions - Effect of temperature on reaction rates

– effect of catalyst –Arrhenius equation.

Unit V (18 hours)

Photochemistry:

Introduction – Consequences of light absorption: The Jablonski diagram –

laws of photochemistry – quantum yield- experimental determination of quantum

yield – photochemical reactions – photochemical rate law. Kinetics of

photochemical reactions - photosensitization and quenching– chemiluminescence.

Textbook:

Puri, Sharma and Pathania, (2012), Principles Of Physical Chemistry, Vishal

publishing company, New Delhi, XXXXVI edition.

Unit I

Chapter: 23, Page Number: 800-802, 805-810, 818- 833

Unit II


Chapter: 25, Page Number: 917 – 923, 926-929

Unit III

Chapter: 6, Page Number: 302-309, 315-317, 320-323, 326-331

Chapter:7, Page Number:353 - 365

Unit IV


Unit V


Page 40 of 146

UG Chem. 40

Reference books:

1. S.Glasstone, (2005), Introduction to Electrochemistry, Van Nostrand Co. Inc.,

NewYork, East-West student edition.

2. Banwell & Mc Cash, (26th

reprint 1995), Fundamentals of Molecular

Spectroscopy, Tata Mac Graw Hill, IV edition.

3. William Kemp, (2008), Organic Spectroscopy, Palgrave publishers Ltd., III

edition.

Page 41 of 146

UG Chem. 41


SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER VI

14UCH62 –PRINCIPLE AND APPLICATION OF ANALYTICAL

TECHNIQUES




No. Of credits : 05

Objectives:


to learn about the theory of analytical chemistry

to learn about the causes and minimization of experimental

errors

to know about the principle and applications of various thermal

and spectro analytical techniques

to know the principle and applications of various

chromatographic techniques

to have an idea about the principle of colorimetric and

gravimetric analysis

Unit I Theory of Analytical Chemistry (15 hours)

a)Introduction to analytical chemistry and instrumental methods

Introduction –chemical analysis—instrumental methods-sample methods-

sampling statistics-dangers during sampling-knowledge on safety .

b) Techniques of analysis Introduction –analytical techniques-factors affecting the choice of analytical

methods.

c) Evaluation of analytical data

i) Analytical chemistry – Introduction - significant figures and computation .

ii)Errors- Definition of error- absolute error - relative error-types of error-

determinate and indeterminate errors-precision – average deviation from the mean-

standard deviation-accuracy-difference between precision and accuracy-problems for

calculating absolute error.

iii) Statistical treatment of analytical data- Confidence limit- rejection of a

result. Tests of significance: the F test –the T test.

iv) Presentation of tabulated data- Scatter diagrams-method of least squares

.

Unit II ( 15 hours)

Thermoanalytical methods

Thermal analysis – General discussion-methods of thermal analysis.

a)Thermogravimetry Introduction- principle -TG curve of copper sulphate penta hydrate- factors

affecting TG results- instrumentation for TG – thermobalance- applications of

thermogravimetry : determination of purity, study of polymers, drying temperature of

Page 42 of 146

UG Chem. 42

precipitates, thermogravimetric analysis of calcium oxalate monohydrate,

determination of composition of alloys and mixtures, study of polymers.

b)Differential Thermal Analysis Principle- instrumentation- applications: study of polymers-differential

thermogram of calcium oxalate mono hydrate.

c) Differential scanning calorimetry:

Principle- instrumentation- application: study of isothermal crystallization of

polymers, determination of purity of pharmaceuticals.

d)Thermometric titrations Introduction - theory- instrumentation -applications.

Unit III (15hours)

Flame emission, Atomic absorption &Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy

Introduction- principle of FES, AAS and AFS - elementary theory-

instrumentation-flames-the nebulizer burner system-non-flame techniques-resonance

line sources-monochromators-detectors- physical and chemical interferences- flame

photometers-atomic absorption spectrophotometers-atomic absorption experiments:

Determination of Vanadium in lubricating oil, determination of trace elements in

contaminated soil.

Flame emission experiments: Determination of alkali metals by flame

photometry.

Unit IV (15hours)

Chromatographic techniques:

Introduction – types of chromatography.

a) Thin layer chromatography: Introduction - superiority of TLC over other chromatographic techniques –

experimental techniques - applications of TLC for identifying organic compounds-

applications of TLC for separation of inorganic ions-limitations.

b) Gas chromatography- Introduction - principle- instrumentation-applications in

qualitative and quantitative analysis.

c)Ion-exchange chromatography Introduction- definition –principle-cation and anion exchangers-

regeneration-ion-exchange column used in chromatographic separations-ion-exchange

techniques-applications: Separation of similar ion from one another, removal of

interfering radical, softening of hard water, complete demineralization of water,

separation of lanthanides and actinides.

Unit V (15 hours)

a)Gravimetric analysis:

Introduction-methods of obtaining the precipitate-conditions for precipitation

– choice of precipitants-types of organic precipitants-specific and selective

precipitants-sequestering agents-theories of precipitation-co-precipitation- post-

precipitation - precipitation from homogeneous solution – washing of precipitate-

drying of precipitate .

b) Colorimetric analysis:

Introduction -principle-Beer-Lambert law-methods of colour measurement or

comparison: standard series method, Duboscq colorimeter, photoelectric colorimeter.

Colorimetric estimation of Iron, Nickel and Chromium.

Page 43 of 146

UG Chem. 43

Text Book

Unit I:

1. H.Kaur, (2003.) Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, Pragathi

Prakashan, II edition , Page No. 3-13.

2.B.R.Puri ,L.R. Sharma and K.C.Kalia (2006-2007) Principles of Inorganic

Chemistry, Milestone publishers and distributors,

XXX edition,.Chapter 39 – page No. 1073-1091 .

3.. R.Gopalan,P.S.Subramanian,K.Rengarajan, (2003) Elements of Analytical

Chemistry – III Edition, Sultan Chand &Sons. page .No32-33.

Unit II:

1. J.Basset, R.C. Denny, H. Jaffery, J. Mendhan (1978)Vogel’s Text Book of

Quantitative Inorganic Analysis ,ELBS edition – IV Edition.

Chapter XXIII- page No.849-857.

2. P.C.Jain, (2007) Engineering Chemistry, Dhanpat Raj Publishing company (P)

Ltd., XV edition.

Chapter 32 – Page No. 1111-1122

3. H.Kaur, (2003.) Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, Pragathi

Prakashan, II edition , Page No. 756-760

Unit III:

G.H.Jeffery, J.Bassett, J.Mendham, R.C.Denny,(1978),Vogel’s Textbook of

Quantitative Chemical Analysis, ELBS edition, IV Edition, Chapter-21,page no-

779-794,797-800,808,810-813.

.

Unit IV:

G.R.Chatwal and M.Arora(1995), Analytical Chromatography, Himalaya

Publishing House, I Edition ,


Chapter 3 – Page No. 29-43, 46


Chapter 12 - Page No. 122-133

Unit V:

.R.Gopalan, P.S.Subramanian, K.Rengarajan,(2003), Elements of Analytical

Chemistry ,Sultan Chand &Sons., III Edition.

Chapter 9 -page .no 121-132& Chapter 16- page .no 212-219.

References:

1. Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West , F. James Holler,(2004) Fundamentals of

Analytical Chemistry , Thomson Brookes/cole, VIII Edition.

2. B.K.Sharma, (1995-1996),Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis,Goel

publishing house, XV edition .

Page 44 of 146

UG Chem. 44


SIVAKASI.


SEMESTER VI

ELECTIVE PAPER

14UCH6E1 – CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS

(For those admitted in June 2014and later)



No. of credits : 05

Objectives:


to know about the functions of amino acids and proteins

to understand the structure, functions and metabolism of nucleic acids

to know about the structure and biological importance of carbohydrates

to know about the chemistry and importance of alkaloids and terpenoids

Unit I (15 hours)

Amino acids and Proteins

a)Amino acids- classification of amino acids, general methods of preparation,

properties, distinctive properties of α-, β- and γ-amino acids, Glycine- preparation,

properties, uses.

b)Proteins- Peptides- polypeptides, biological importance of peptides-

preparation of peptides- classification of proteins according to composition-

classification of proteins according to functions- general and physical charateristics of

proteins-properties of proteins- structure of proteins- primary, secondary, tertiary and

quaternary structure-biological importance of proteins.

Unit II (15 hours)

Nucleic acids:

Nucleic acids – nucleosides, nucleotides- biological importance - nucleotides

as energy carriers –properties- structure of nucleic acids-principal types of nucleic

acids- DNA-primary, secondary and tertiary structure- replication of DNA - functions

of DNA- RNA- types of RNA, structure- functions – Metabolism of nucleic acids –

Pentoses- Purines and Pyrimidine bases- biosynthesis of nucleic acids

Unit III (15 hours)

Carbohydrates:

a) Monosaccharides – detailed study of glucose, fructose, structure -

configuration – mutarotation, epimerization, interconversion of glucose and fructose –

descent and ascent of the sugar series, estimation of glucose.

b) Disaccharides – structure, properties of sucrose, maltose.

c) Polysaccharides – structure of starch, cellulose, application of cellulose

derivatives.

Page 45 of 146

UG Chem. 45

Unit IV (15 hours)

Alkaloids: Introduction-occurrence-classification-extraction-general properties of

alkaloids-general methods of determination of chemical constitution of alkaloids-

functional nature of oxygen- functional nature of nitrogen- some individual members-

occurrence, extraction, properties- Constitution of Coniine- Piperine-Nicotine-

Quinine.

Unit V (15 hours)

Terpenoids:

Introduction- isoprene rule- classification –Isolation- general properties of

terpenoids.

a) Acyclic monoterpenoids- occurrence, extraction, properties and constitution

of Myrcene, Geraniol and Citral

b) Monocyclic Monoterpenoids- nomenclature – occurrence - extraction-

properties - constitution of Menthol and Limonene.

c) Bicyclic Monoterpenoids- introduction – extraction - properties of α-pinene

-camphor.(structure only).

Textbook :

1. P.L.Soni,(2007),Textbook of Organic chemistry, Sultan Chand and Sons.

XXIX edition.

Unit I

Part II –Chapter 19, 2.452-2.459, Part IV Chapter II -4.64-4.90.

Unit II

Part IV- Chapter 6, 4.169-4.185.

Unit III

Part IV- Chapter 1, 4.1-4.51

Unit IV.

Part IV- Chapter 4, 4.111-4.129.

Unit V

Part IV- Chapter 5, 4.131-4.149

Reference books :

1. Bahl & Arun Bahl, (2004), Advanced Organic chemistry, Sultan Chand &

sons.

2. I.L.Finar,(1996), Organic chemistry, (Vol II), ELBS, V edition,.

3. Gurdeep R Chatwal, (2001),Chemistry of Natural products, Vol II, Himalaya

Publishing House, III edition.

4. Gurdeep R Chatwal, (2001),Chemistry of Natural products, Vol II, Himalaya

Publishing House, III edition.

Page 46 of 146

UG Chem. 46


SIVAKASI.


SEMESTER VI

ELECTIVE PAPER

14UCH6E2 – STEREOCHEMISTRY




No. of credits : 05

Objectives:


to know about the racemization, resolutions & stereo chemical reactions

to understand the stereochemistry of various substitution ,

elimination and addition reactions.

to predict the conformer of acyclic and cyclic compounds

Unit I (15 hours)

Racemisation, Resolution and Stereochemical reactions

Racemisation-Introduction, formation of racemic mixture-resolution of

racemic mixture through mechanical separation-crystallization method - formation of

diastereomers, the formation of molecular complexes and biochemical methods of

resolution- Epimerization- epimers and anomers- Stereoselective and stereospecific

reactions-Enatiomeric excess-Concept of prostereoisomerism.

Unit II (15 hours)

Stereochemistry of Substitution reactions

Introduction-bimolecular substitution reactions (SN2)- mechanism -

stereochemistry of SN2 reactions - effect of the structure of the substrate, - effect of

the nucleophile, effect of solvent, effect of leaving group, substitution with retention

of configuration (SN1) -unimolecular substitution – SN1 reactions - effect of structure

of the carbon framework on SN1 reactions-Hammond Pastulate-ion pairs in SN1

mechanism - role of solvent - effect of leaving group and nucleophile on SN1

reactivity- SNi mechanism-Neighbouring group participation

Unit III (15 hours)

Stereochemistry of Elimination reactions

Introduction-classification of elimination reactions-α and β-eliminations with

examples,E1, E2 mechanisms-(syn and anti eliminations) & E1CB mechanism.

stereochemistry of E2 – anti elimination reactions- stereo chemical requirement-

dehalogenation – dehydrohalogenation-orientation of the double bond, E2-syn

elimination - pyrolytic eliminations, elimination of acetate, xanthate and amine oxide.

Unit IV (15hours)

Stereochemistry of addition reactions

Addition reactions of alkenes involving electrophiles- stereochemistry of

anti-addition –hydration of alkenes with anti-markovnikov orientation.

Page 47 of 146

UG Chem. 47

stereochemistry of syn addition-addition reactions of alkynes involving electrophiles-

hydroboration & oxidation- addition of nucleophiles to carbon –carbon double bonds

- epoxidation and hydroxylation of alkenes.

Unit V (15 hours)

Conformations of acyclic and cyclic compounds

a)Restricted rotation about single bonds-conformations of ethane, glycol and

1,2-dichloroethane-conformations of butane-conformational energy-conformational

isomer.

b)Cycloalkanes-angle and Pitzer strain-Baeyer’s strain theory-conformation of

cyclo hexane-chair, twist boat, half chair and boat forms -energy diagram-equatorial

and axial bonds in cyclohexane. Conformation and stability of monomethyl

cyclohexane.

.

Textbook

1.P.S.Kalsi,(2006), Stereochemistry, Conformation and Mechanism, Wiley

Eastern Ltd, VI edition,

Unit I.

Chapter I, Page No- 106-121, 127-135, Chapter II, , Page No -182- 183.

Unit II .

Chapter III, Page No-. 238-268,274-275,279-293.

Unit III .

Chapter V, Page No-372-409.

Unit IV Chapter VI, Page No- 411- 421,428-443,455-459,465-474.

Unit V ChapterIV, Page No- 304-311,317,321-332.

Reference books

1.E.L.Eliel, Reprinted(2008) Stereo chemistry of Carbon Compounds, McGraw Hill

Edition 1975.

2.V.M.Potapov,(1979) Stereochemistry, MIR publishers, Russian Edition, Moscow.

3.D.Nasipuri,(1994), Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Principles and

Application, Wiley Eastern Ltd., II Edition...

Page 48 of 146

UG Chem. 48


SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER VI

MAJOR PRACTICALS

14UCH6L2 - GRAVIMETRIC ESTIMATIONS & INORGANIC

PREPARATIONS




No. of credits : 05 Objectives:

To enable the students to develop skill in

gravimetric analysis

inorganic complex preparations.

separation and estimation of mixtures by volumetric and gravimetric methods.

I Gravimetric analysis:

1. Estimation of lead as lead chromate.

2. Estimation of barium as barium chromate.

3. Estimation of Nickel as DMG complex.

4. Estimation of calcium as calcium oxalate monohydrate.

II Inorganic Complex Preparations:

Any Ten Inorganic Complex Preparations

III Separation and estimation of mixtures by volumetric and gravimetric methods:

(Demonstration only)

1. Estimation of Copper in a mixture of Copper and Zinc volumetrically. 2. Estimation of Zinc in a mixture of Copper and Zinc gravimetrically.

3. Estimation of Ferrous ion in a mixture of Iron and Nickel volumetrically.

4. Estimation of Nickel in a mixture of Iron and Nickel gravimetrically.


S. NO. NATURE OF WORK NO.OF SESSIONS

ALLOTTED

1 Demonstration 1


3 Revision Exam 1

4 Model Exam 1

Text Book:

J.Basset, R.C. Denny, H. Jaffery and J. Mendham, R.C.Denney (1989), Vogel’s

Text Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, ELBS, V edition.

Page 49 of 146

UG Chem. 49


SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER I

ALLIED PAPER

14UCH1A – ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

(Offered for Physics students)




No. of credits : 04

Objectives:


to acquire an insight into the chemistry of carbohydrates.

to make a detailed study of the solid state chemistry.

to understand electrochemistry and the applications.

to become familiar into the basic concepts of photochemistry.

to give an exposure to pollution.

Unit I (12hours)

Carbohydrates

Introduction - definition and classification. Monosaccharides : properties and

uses of glucose and fructose – Haworth structure – conversion of glucose to fructose

and vice versa.Disaccharides: Sucrose – manufacture, properties and uses – structure

(no structural elucidation), distinction between sucrose, glucose and fructose.

Unit II (12 hours)

Solid state chemistry

Crystal lattices- unit cells- unit cells of simple, body- centered and face centered

cube- Miller indices.Elements of symmetry: Plane, centre and axis of symmetry. X-

ray study of crystals – Bragg’s equation, crystal structure of sodium chloride and

potassium chloride – determination of Avagadro number- cohesive energy in ionic

crystals. Nature of bonds in diamond and graphite

Unit III (12 hours)

Surface chemistry and photochemistry

a) Adsorption: Physical adsorption- chemical adsorption- difference between

the two types of adsorption- factors influencing the adsorption –

adsorption isotherms : Langmuir and Freundlich adsorptionisotherm (no derivations).

b) Photochemistry: Definition of photochemical reactions- Laws of photo

chemistry- Grotthus- Draper’s law- & Einstein’s law- quantum efficiency ,

consequence of light adsorption by atoms and molecules – Jablonski diagram-

fluorescence and phosphorescence- comparison between thermal and photochemical

reactions – photo sensitization- chemiluminescence.

Page 50 of 146

UG Chem. 50

Unit IV (12 hours)

Electrochemistry

a) pH – definition , calculation of pH from molarity of acids and bases.-

Common ion effect and its applications in analytical chemistry – buffer solution –

definition ,theory of buffer action and applications.

b) Acid – base indicators – working range of indicators , choice of indicators -

commercial cells – primary and secondary cells- weston cadmium cell – lead storage

cell – electroplating – principle and methods – corrosion and passivity – rusting of

iron and preventive methods from rusting.

Unit V (12 hours)

Pollution:

a)Air pollution – definition, composition of air, chemical reactions occurring in

air due to sunlight, sources and classification. Effects of air pollutants – effect of

chlorofluorocarbons. Ozone layer – composition, formation, depletion -green house

effect. Acid rain formation – theory and control of acid rain. Methods to control air

pollution.

b) Water pollution – types, sources, water sewages. Industrial effluents –

inorganic pollutants, organic pollutants – water pollution control – water treatment.

Reference books :

1. Wahid U,G.D.Tuli and R.D .Madan, (1976), Selected Topics In Inorganic

Chemistry, S.Chand & Co,Reprint .(2007)

2. B.R.Puri & L.R.Sharma and S.Pathania, (2008) Principles of Physical

Chemistry , Vishal Publishing Company, New Delhi, 43rd

Edition.

3. P.L Soni, H.M.Chawla, (2001), Text Book Of Organic Chemistry, Sultan

Chand & Sons, 30th

Edition.

* Study materials will be provided.

Page 51 of 146

UG Chem. 51


SIVAKASI.


SEMESTER II

ALLIED PAPER

14UCH2A - APPLIED CHEMISTRY





No. Of credits : 04

Objectives:

To enable the students to understand the principles and application of

chemistry in different fields.

Unit I (12 hrs)

Fuels: Introduction –classification of fuels--calorific value –characteristics of a good fuel-

comparison between solid,liquid and gaseous fuels-bomb calorimeter-coal-origin of

coal-classification of coal by rank- rocket propellants- characteristics of a good

propellant- classification of propellants.

Unit II (12 hrs)

Glasses and ceramics:

Introduction-general properties of glass-manufacture of glass – types of glasses –

plasticity of clays –whitewares or white pottery - glazing –purpose of glazing-

methods of glazing- earthenwares and stonewares .

Unit III (12 hrs)

Metals and alloys:

Introduction -physical properties of metals –metallurgy – metallurgy of zirconium- -

alloys – purpose of making alloys - preparation of alloys–-alloy steels –application of

alloy steels– cast iron, wrought iron and steel – effect of impurities in steel – heat

treatment of steel.

Unit IV (12 hrs)

Adhesives:

Introduction –advantages-limitations of adhesive bonding- adhesive action –

development of adhesive strength – physical and chemical factors influencing

adhesive action – bonding processes by adhesives-classification of adhesives.

Unit V (12 hrs)

Detergents:

Introduction-principal groups of synthetic detergents-surface active

agents,builders,additives& suds regulators. classification of surface active agents––

anionic detergents – amphoteric detergents – biodegradability of surfactants-

manufacture of shampoos.

*Study material will be provided.

Page 52 of 146

UG Chem. 52

1) Text Book: Jain & Jain, (2007), Engineering Chemistry, Dhanpat Raj Publishing

Company (P) Ltd, XV edition.

2)B.K.Sharma (2006),Industrial Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, Meerut, XV

edition

Page 53 of 146

UG Chem. 53


SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER I & II

ALLIED PAPER

14UCH2AL - VOLUMETRIC ESTIMATION





No. of credits : 02

Objectives:

to enable the students to develop skill in volumetric analysis.

Double titrations involving making up of the solution to be estimated.

a) Acidimetry and Alkalimetry :

1) Titration between HCl ,sodium hydroxide and HCl

2) Titration between HCl ,potassium hydroxide and HCl

3) Titration between HCl ,sodium hydroxide and H2SO4

4) Titration between H2SO4, sodium carbonate and H2SO4

5) Titration between HCl ,sodium carbonate and HCl

6) Titration between oxalic acid, sodium hydroxide and oxalic acid

7) Titration between oxalic acid ,sodium hydroxide and HCl

8) Titration between sodium hydroxide, oxalic acid and potassium hydroxide

b) Permanganometry :

9) Titration between ferrous sulphate, potassium permanganate and ferrous

sulphate

10) Titration between ferrous ammonium sulphate, potassium permanganate and

ferrous ammonium sulphate

11) Titration between oxalic acid, potassium permanganate and oxalic acid

12) Titration between oxalic acid, potassium permanganate and ferrous ion

c) Dichrometry: 13) Titrations between potassium dichromate and ferrous ammonium sulphate –

internal indicator

14) Titrations between potassium dichromate and ferrous ammonium

sulphate – external indicator

d) EDTA titrations: 15) Estimation of zinc.

16) Estimation of magnesium.

e) Estimation of hardness of water

f) Estimation of available chlorine in bleaching powder.

.

Page 54 of 146

UG Chem. 54

Textbook:

1) J.Bassett et-al., (2001), Vogel’s Textbook of quantitative Inorganic

Analysis, ELBS, VII edition.

.


S.NO NATURE OF WORK NO OF SESSIONS

ALLOTTED

1 Demonstration 4

2 Regular Practical class 18

3 Repetition 4

3 Revision Exam 2

4 Model Exam 2

Total 30

Page 55 of 146

UG Chem. 55


SIVAKASI.


SEMESTER III

ALLIED PAPER

14UCH3A - FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY

(Offered for Botany students)




No. Of credits : 04

Objectives:

To enable the students to

understand the principles and application of coordination chemistry in

biological systems

understand the principles of nuclear chemistry, carbohydrate chemistry and

heterocyclic chemistry.

Gain basic ideas in physical chemistry fields like catalysis, photochemistry and

thermodynamics

Unit I (12 hours)

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I

a) Coordination Chemistry: Definition-nomenclature-definition of various

terms involved in coordination chemistry-Werner’s theory-EAN rule-Nickel tetra

carbonyl-Chelates-application of chelates.

b).Bioinorganic chemistry: Role of metal ions in biological systems –

metalloporphyrins – chlorophyll - heme proteins and vitamin B12 (structure only).

Unit II

(12 hours)

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY -II

a) Nuclear chemistry: Composition of nucleus – nuclear forces – mass defect

binding energy – nuclear stability & binding energy .

b) Natural radio activity:Comparison of properties of , & rays.

Detection and measurements of radio activity– GM counter. Fajans-Russell–Soddy

group displacement law - law of radioactive disintegration.

c) Nuclear fission: Definition – chain reaction – energy released during fission

– principle of atom bomb -nuclear reactors – different parts of nuclear reactors –

moderators – coolant – shields –Breeder reactor. Applications of radioactive

isotopes– study of reaction mechanism, medicine, agriculture, analytical and

industrial field.

Unit III (12hours)

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I

a) Carbohydrates: Definition - classification – monosaccharides –

properties and uses of glucose and fructose – Haworth structure – conversion of

glucose to fructose & vice versa.

Page 56 of 146

UG Chem. 56

b) Disaccharides: Sucrose – manufacture – properties and uses – structure

only (no structural elucidation). Distinction between sucrose, glucose & fructose.

c) Polysaccharides: Starch and cellulose(structure only) -amylose, -

amylose-difference between these two.

Unit IV (12 hours)

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II

a) Hetrocyclic compounds containing one heteroatom: Preparation,

properties and structure of pyrrole, furan, thiophene, indole, pyridine, quinoline &

isoquinoline (Structural elucidation not necessary)

b) Terpenoids : Introduction – classification – occurrence – isolation –

general properties –isoprene rule – structure of citral, geraniol, & terpeniol(Structural

elucidtion not required).

c) Alkaloids: Definition – occurrence – extraction of alkaloids and general

properties classification of alkaloids – structure of cocaine, papavarine, piperine &

nicotine (Structural elucidation not required

Unit V (12 hours)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

a) Catalysis: Definition – Different types of catalysts – acid –base catalysis –enzyme catalysis.

b) Photochemistry: Comparision of thermal and photochemical reactions –

definition of photochemical reaction – laws of photochemistry – Grotthus-Draper law

– Quantum efficiency.Consequence of light absorption by atoms and molecules –

Jablonski diagram – fluorescence, phosphorescence & photosensitization.

c) Thermodynamics: Important terms in thermodynamics – system,

surroundings, different types of processes, state function. First law of

thermodynamics – definition & mathematical formulation. Second law of

thermodynamics – statement – entropy as a thermodynamic function. Gibb’s free

energy and Helmholtz free energy. Free energy criteria for biological reactions.

Reference Books :

1.P.L.Soni,Mohan Katyal(2006)Textbook of Inorganic

Chemistry,Sultan chand &Sons Educational Publishers, 20 th Revised Edition

1. B.R.Puri, L.R.Sharma, K.C.Kalia,(2010), Inorganic Chemistry, Milestone

Publishers,31 st Edition.

2. B.R.Puri, L.R. Sharma, S.Pathania,(2008), Principles of Physical chemistry,

Vishal Publishing Co ,43 rd Edition.

3. P. L. Soni, H.M.Chawla,(2007) Organic Chemistry, Sultan Chand & Sons, 29

th Edition.

* Study material will be provided.

Page 57 of 146

UG Chem. 57


SIVAKASI.


SEMESTER IV

ALLIED PAPER

14UCH4A – PHARMACEUTICAL AND INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY





No. Of credits : 04

Objectives:


to gain basic knowledge about antibiotics, vitamins and oils and fats

to introduce basic idea of drugs used for treating various diseases.

to motivate the student to pursue a career in pharmaceutical industries.

Unit I (12 hours)

Antibiotics & their uses

Introduction – importance – history of discovery – classification of antibiotics -

pencillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, chloromycetin, production of antibiotics in India.

Unit II (12 hours)

Vitamins

Sources, functions and deficiency diseases of the following vitamins: vitamin A,

vitamin A1, vitamin A2 - vitamin B complex- vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3,

vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 – vitamin C - vitamin D –vitamin E – vitamin K.

Unit III (12 hours)

Agricultural Chemistry

Plant nutrients –micronutrients –types of fertilizers – need for fertilizers –

essential fertilizers – fertility of the soil – pH value of the soil – classifications of

fertilizers – mixed and straight fertilizers –important fertilizers: Nitrogenous

fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potash fertilizers.

Unit IV (12 hours)

Insecticides and Pesticides Introduction - inorganic insecticides: lead arsenate, calcium arsenate, paris

green. Natural or plant insecticides: nicotine, pyrethrins, rotenone, allethrin. Organic

insecticides: DDT, methoxychlor, BHC. Attractants and repellents – fumigents –

ethylene dichloride, p-dichlorobenzene, aluminium phosphide – miticides –

rodenticides – warfarin, sodium monofluoro acetate.

Unit V (12 hours)

Oils and Fats

Page 58 of 146

UG Chem. 58

Saponification value - acid value - iodine value - Reichert Meissel value–

definition and their determination – manufacture of soaps– cleaning action.


Reference:

1. Jayashree Ghosh, (2008), Fundamental Concepts of Applied Chemistry, S.

Chand and Company Ltd., I edition.

2. B.K. Sharma, (2004), Industrial Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, XIV

revised & enlarged edition.

Page 59 of 146

UG Chem. 59


SIVAKASI.


B. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER III & IV

ALLIED PAPER

14UCH4AL- VOLUMETRIC ESTIMATION





No. of credits : 02

Objectives:

to enable the students to develop skill in volumetric analysis.

Double titrations involving making up of the solution to be estimated.

A) Acidimetry and Alkalimetry :

1) Titration between HCl ,sodium hydroxide and HCl

2) Titration between HCl ,potassium hydroxide and HCl

3) Titration between HCl ,sodium hydroxide and H2SO4

4) Titration between H2SO4, sodium carbonate and H2SO4

5) Titration between HCl ,sodium carbonate and HCl

6) Titration between oxalic acid ,sodium hydroxide and oxalic acid.

7) Titration between oxalic acid ,sodium hydroxide and HCl

8) Titration between sodium hydroxide, oxalic acid and potassium permanganate

.

B) Permanganometry :

9) Titration between ferrous sulphate, potassium permanganate and ferrous

sulphate

10) Titration between ferrous ammonium sulphate, potassium permanganate and

ferrous ammonium sulphate

11) Titration between oxalic acid, potassium permanganate and oxalic acid.

12) Titration between oxalic acid, potassium permanganate and ferrous ion.

C) Dichrometry: 13) Titrations between potassium dichromate and ferrous ammonium

sulphate – internal indicator.

14) Titrations between potassium dichromate and ferrous ammonium sulphate –

external indicator.

D) EDTA titrations:

Page 60 of 146

UG Chem. 60

15) Estimation of Zinc.

16) Estimation of magnesium.

E) Estimation of hardness of water

F) Estimation of available chlorine in bleaching powder.

.

.


S.NO NATURE OF WORK NO OF SESSIONS

ALLOTTED

1 Demonstration 4

2 Regular Practical class 18

3 Repetition 4

3 Revision Exam 2

4 Model Exam 2

Total 30

Textbook:

1) J.Bassett et-al., (2001), Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic

Analysis, ELBS, VII edition.

Page 61 of 146

UG Chem. 61


SIVAKASI.


SEMESTER II

NON-MAJOR ELECTIVECOURSE I (OPEN OPTION)

14UCH3N - CHEMISTRY IN DAILY LIFE




No. of credits : 02

Objectives:

To enable the students of arts

to know about the petroleum products and their uses

to know about the different types of fuels

to understand the action of soaps and detergents in cleaning work.

to know about the pharmaceutical chemistry.

to know about the food materials & their preservations.

Unit I (6 hours)

Petrochemicals:

Chemicals from natural gas- petroleum- light naphtha and kerosene. synthetic

gasoline.

Unit II (6 hours)

Food Chemistry:

Oils and fats – rancidity – refining – hydrogenation changes in vegetables on

cooking – milk and dairy products – food processing – food additives – synthetic

flavoring agents – food preservation and food adulteration.

Unit III (6 hours)

Pharmaceutical chemistry:

Principle of drug action – classification of drugs – analgesics – antipyretics –

anaesthetics – hypnotics – sedatives and antimalarial drugs – sulpha drugs –

antibiotics. (Structure not necessary)

Unit IV (6 hours)

Soaps and Detergents:

Composition –manufacture of soaps- Large scale preparation–Modern Process-

synthetic detergents – cleansing action of soaps and detergents.

Unit V (6 hours)

Fuels:

Definition – classification – advantages and disadvantages of gaseous fuels –

Gobar gas.

Page 62 of 146

UG Chem. 62

Textbook :

1. N.Shakuntala & Co, (2008), Foods – Facts & Principles, Wiley Eastern Ltd,

III edition.

2. P.L.Soni, (2007), Organic Chemistry, Sultan Chand & Co., Ltd., New Delhi,

XXIX edition.

Reference Book:

1. Bahl & Arun Bahl, (2007), Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand & Co.,

Ltd., New Delhi, I edition.

2. K.S. Tewari, (2006), Organic Chemistry, Vikas Publications House Pvt. Ltd,

III edition.

* Study Material will be provided.

Page 63 of 146

UG Chem. 63


SIVAKASI.


SEMESTER V

NON-MAJOR ELECTIVECOURSE II (OPEN OPTION)

14UCH4N- INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY




No. of credits : 02

Objectives:

To enable the students to understand the industrial aspects of

matches, paints, pigments and uses of industrial water.

Unit I (6 hours)

Water treatment:

Introduction – uses of water – water for industry – properties of water – water as

a solvent – softening of water – Clarke’s process – lime soda process – Permutit or

Zeolite process – Ion exchange process – demineralization of water.

Unit II (6 hours)

Cement Industry:

Introduction: composition – types of cement – water proof cement – slag cement

– white cement – colored cement – types of Portland cement – raw materials – setting

of cement.

Unit III (6 hours)

Paints and Pigments:

Manufacture of paints and pigments – setting of paints – characteristics of a

good paint – paint failure – varnishes. Pigments – zinc white – lithopone -

ultramarines – carbon black – red lead – chrome green.

Unit IV (6 hours)

Match industry, Pyrotechnics and explosives: Match Industry - raw materials needed for match industry – manufacturing

process – pyrotechnics – colored smokes. Explosives – definition – classification –

nitroglycerine, dynamite, cordite, TNT and picric acid.

Unit V (6 hours)

Some small scale units:

Safety matches – agarbatties – naphthalene balls – wax candles –

shoe polish - gum paste – writing /fountain pen ink – chalk crayons – plaster of paris.

Reference books:

1. Jain & Jain, (2007), Engineering Chemistry, Dhanpat Raj Publishing

Company (P) Ltd,XV edition

2. B.K.Sharma,(1983) Introduction to Industrial Chemistry, Goel Publishers, 1

Edition.

*study material will be provided.

Page 64 of 146

CPpi P

THE STANDARD FIREWORKS RA.JARATNAM

COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS)

Reaccredited with A' Grade by NAAC and

College with Potential for Excellence by UGC)

SIVAKASI-626 123.

Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai.

Programme Scheme, Scheme of Examination and Syllabi (With effect from June 2014)


PG PROGRAMME

Curriculum Design & Development Cell

G.vall alala 7.Pal RPRadLa CHAÍRMAN OF CbDC ACADEMIC COE THE BOARD AFFAIRSs

PG1 CHEM -I Page 65 of 146

PG CHEM - 1

THE STANDARD FIREWORKS RAJARATNAM COLLEGE

FOR WOMEN, SIVAKASI – 626 123.

(Re accredited with A Grade by NAAC)


M.SC., DEGREE PROGRAMME IN CHEMISTRY

RULES AND REGULATIONS, PROGRAMME SCHEME AND SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

GOVERNING THE M.SC DEGREE PROGRAMME IN CHEMISTRY


I. Programme Objectives:

The objectives of the Programme are

a) to give the students an in depth knowledge of the theories which

govern the various phenomena in chemistry.

b) to develop in students confidence and ability to carry out

independent experimental work.

c) to create a positive attitude to research work.

d) to make the students aware of the latest development in the field of

chemistry.

e) to develop the skill of students in computer languages and make

the students to understand the role of computers in solving

problems in chemistry.

f) to make the students learn the application of chemistry in other

fields of science.

g) to enable the students to be fit to take up jobs in chemistry related

fields.

II. Eligibility condition for admission:

a) Bachelor degree in Chemistry of the Madurai Kamaraj University

or any other degree accepted by the Syndicate of Madurai Kamaraj

University.

b) They should have secured a minimum of 50% of marks in part III

of the degree course. In the case of SC/ST students, the required

minimum marks for admission will be 45%.

c) The admission to the course will be based on the performance of

the applicants in the qualifying examinations.

III. Duration of the Programme:

The duration of the Programme is two academic years. Each

academic year consist of two semesters. The duration of a semester is 90

working days.

IV. Attendance:

Attendance for Regular Classes:

Page 66 of 146

PG CHEM - 2

The Rules regarding the attendance for regular classes for the

candidates to appear for the summative examinations are framed as given

below

a) Each student must put in a minimum attendance of 68 days

(75% of 90 days per semester) so as to become eligible to

appear for the summative examinations.

Shortage of attendance:

b) Those students with attendance 68 days and less but 59 days

and above (65%) can be permitted to appear for the summative

examinations provided they submit the condonation certificate

to the Principal stating the proper reasons for the absence,

within 5 days after the last working day of the concerned class.

The Certificate may be obtained from the office on payment of

penalty as per Madurai Kamaraj University.

c) In case of attendance with 58 days and less but 45 days and

(50%) above, the students cannot appear for the final

examinations of that semester but can appear for the next

examinations by obtaining special permission from the

Principal proceeding necessary documents supporting the

reasons for absence on payment of Rs.250/-

d) Students with attendance 44 days and less should have to repeat

the whole semester

V. Evaluation Procedure:

S.No.

Theory/Practical/Project

Work

CIA

End Semester

1.

2.

3.

Theory

Practical

Project Work

25%

40%

-

75%

60%

100%

A mark statement will be issued to every student at the end of every

semester.

VI. Passing Minimum:

For a pass in each Course, a student should secure a minimum of

45% marks in the end semester examination and a minimum of 50 %

marks in aggregate (i.e., internal and external marks put together). The

student should secure a minimum of 50% marks in the End semester

examination for Dissertation/Project report and Viva - Voce.

VII. Eligibility condition for getting the Degree:

A candidate undergoing the M.Sc., degree Programme in

Chemistry will be eligible for the award of M.Sc., degree in Chemistry if

Page 67 of 146

PG CHEM - 3

she completes entire Programme and passes all the examination prescribed

for the Programme.

VIII. Classification of Successful Candidates:

The Successful

Candidates will be

classified as per

the details given in

the Table below: CGPA

GRADE Classification of

Final Result

9.500 – 10.000 O+

First Class

9.000 - 9.499 O

8.500 - 8.999 D++

8.000 - 8.499 D+

7.500 - 7.999 D

7.000 - 7.499 A++

6.500 - 6.999 A+

6.000 - 6.499 A

5.500 - 5.999 B+ Second Class

5.000 - 5.499 B

0.000 - 4.999 U Re-appear

IX. Awards of Ranks :

i Ci Gi

CUMULATIVE GRADE POINT AVERAGE (CGPA) = i Ci

CGPA= Sum of the multiplication of grade points by the respective credits of the course cleared in the entire programme

Sum of the credits of all the courses cleared in the programme

Ci - Credits earned for course i in any semester.

Gi - Grade point obtained for course i in any semester.

I - Summation of all courses cleared in a semesters.

X. Other Provisions:

a) Those who are absent for the exam should be marked AA on the Mark

sheet.

b) If there is a charge of malpractice by a student she should be sent out

from the

Exam Hall and given chance only during the following Semester.

c) The Courses she has already appeared during that Semester will not be

considered.

d) A student can appear for any number of arrear Courses.

e) Repeat examinations will be conducted for the final semester paper

within a

month after the publication of final semester result

f) Revaluation is permitted

XI. Transitory Provisions:

Students from other institutions shall be considered if they have already

written and passed all the Courses covered till the previous semester and if any

Page 68 of 146

PG CHEM - 4

of the Courses have not been cleared, they have to appear for those subjects

along with the current semester subjects also.

THE STANDARD FIREWORKS RAJARATNAM COLLEGE FOR

WOMEN, SIVAKASI

PG Chemistry – Allotment of Hours and Credits (For those joined in June 2014 and later)

Subjects I

Semester

II

Semester

III

Semester

IV

Semester

Total

Credits

Core courses Paper I 6(5) 6(5) 6 (5) 6(5) -

Paper II 6(4) 6(4) 6(4) 6(5) -

Paper III 6(4) 6(4) 6(4) 6(4) -

Lab 6(4) 6(4) 6(4) -

Project&Viva - - - 6(5) -

Total 24(17) 24(17) 24(17) 24(19) 70

Electives

Core Elective 6(5) - - 6(5)

Non-major

Electives

- 6(5) 6(5) - 20

Total 30(22) 30(22) 30(22) 30(24) 90

Total Credits 90

Page 69 of 146

PG CHEM - 5


SIVAKASI

Department of Chemistry (PG Programme) 2014 onwards

Sem Course

Code Course Title

Tea

chin

g H

ou

rs

Per

Wee

k

Cre

dit

s

Du

rati

on

of

Ex

am

. (H

rs.)

Marks Allotted

Inte

rna

l

Ex

tern

al

To

tal

Core Courses – Major

I

14PCH11 Organic Chemistry-I 6 5 3 25 75 100

14PCH12 Inorganic Chemistry - I 6 4 3 25 75 100

14PCH13 Physical Chemistry –I 6 4 3 25 75 100

14PCH1L Inorganic Qualitative and Quantitative

analysis 6 4 6 40 60 100

14PCH1EA Elective I 6 5 3 25 75 100

II

14PCH21 Organic Chemistry –II 6 5 3 25 75 100

14PCH22 Inorganic Chemistry -II 6 4 3 25 75 100

14PCH23 Physical Chemistry -II 6 4 3 25 75 100

14PCH2L Organic Estimation and Analysis 6 4 6 40 60 100

14PCH2E Elective II-Safety Fireworks 6 5 3 25 75 100

III

14PCH31 Organic Chemistry –III 6 5 3 25 75 100

14PCH32 Inorganic Chemistry –III 6 4 3 25 75 100

14PCH33 Physical Chemistry –III 6 4 3 25 75 100

14PCH3L Physical Chemistry Practical 6 4 6 40 60 100

14PCH3E Elective III-Materials Science 6 5 3 25 75 100

IV

14PCH41 Organic Chemistry –IV 6 5 3 25 75 100

14PCH42 Inorganic Chemistry –IV 6 5 3 25 75 100

14PCH43 Physical Chemistry –IV 6 4 3 25 75 100

14PCH4EB Elective IV 6 5 3 25 75 100

14PCH4P Project & viva-voce 6 5 3 - 100 100

Electives

I 14PCH1E1 Pharmaceutical Chemistry 6 5

3 25 75 100

I 14PCH1E2 Bioinformatics 6 5

3

25

75

100

IV 14PCH4E1 Bio Chemistry 6 5 3 25 75 100

IV 14PCH4E2 Biomedical Instrumentation 6 5 3 25 75

100

Page 70 of 146

PG CHEM - 6


WOMEN SIVAKASI


M.Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER I

14PCH11 – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - I




No. of credits : 05

Objectives:

To enable the student

To understand and explore the concept of stereo chemistry

To know about aromaticity and aromatic substitution

To know about the chemistry of carbohydrates and terpenoids

To understand the principles of conformational analysis

To understand the basic concept of cheminformatics

UNIT I (18 Hours)

Stereo chemistry :

a) Introduction-Structural isomers, Stereoisomers. Symmetry elements –Simple or proper axis of symmetry-Plane of symmetry - Centre of

symmetry- Alternating axis of symmetry. Concept of chirality-

Asymmetric and dissymmetric-Conditions for optical activity – Optical

isomerism – Definitions – Chiral molecules- Newmann, Sawhorse and

Fischer projection formulae - Cahn-Ingold-Prelog System of

nomenclature – Molecules with more than one chiral center – Molecular

dissymmetry – Optical activity of compounds without a stereogenic

carbon- Biphenyls, Allenes and Spiranes. Homotopic ligands and faces,

Enantiotopic ligands and faces, Diastereotopic ligands and faces.

Asymmetric synthesis – Absolute asymmetric synthesis-Partial

asymmetric synthesis. Cram’s rule , Prelog’s rule.

b) Geometrical Isomerism: Geometrical isomerism on double bonds-E-Z

nomenclature of alkenes- Determination of configuration of geometrical

isomers using physical and chemical methods. Stereoisomerism in

monocyclic compounds-Cis and trans isomerism -chirality-Cycloalkenes-

Geometric and stereoisomerism in cycloalkanes-cyclopropanes-

cyclobutanes-cyclopentanes- Cyclohexanes.

UNIT - II (18 Hours)

Conformational analysis:

a) Restricted rotation about single bonds- Introduction-Dihedral angles or

torsion angle-conformation analysis of ethane, butane, di bromo ethane.

Origin of Conformational free energy-Determination-Conformation and

Chemical reactivity in acyclic systems -Substitution- Elimination from 2-

bromobutane-Elimination from steroisomers of 2,3-dibromobutane-Curtin

Hammett Principle. Angle and Pitzer strain- conformation of cyclic

substrates (cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane)-

Page 71 of 146

PG CHEM - 7

stereoelectronic and steric factors. Conformation of monosubstituted

cyclohexanes-methylcyclohexane,ter-butylcyclohexane,

chlorocyclohexane- conformation of disubstituted cyclohexanes–1,2-

dimethylcyclohexane-1,3–dimethylcyclohexane-1,4-

dimethylcyclohexane-Effect of conformation on reactivity.

b) Quantitative treatment of mobile system – Winstein-Eliel –R0

equations – conformations and reactivity of cyclohexanones-2-alkyl, 3-

alkyl ketone effect-Van Auwers Skita hydrogenation rule –reduction of

cyclohexanones.

UNIT - III (18 Hours)

Aromaticity and Aromatic substitution:

a) Concept of aromaticity – Prediction of Aromaticity and anti aromaticity

using H1

NMR technique – Six membered rings-Five, Seven and Eight

membered rings-Other systems containing aromatic sextets-Alternant and

nonalternant hydro carbons. Aromatic systems with electron numbers

other than six-systems of two electrons and four electrons.Antiaromaticity-

systems of eight electrons-systems of ten electrons. Other aromatic

compounds - Chemistry of cyclopentadienyl anion, Fulvene- Azulene-

Sydnones-Annulenes-Homoaromatic compounds.

b) Electrophilic aromatic substitution- Arenium ion –SE1 mechanism–

Nitration, halogenation, sulphonations and Friedel craft’s alkylation and

acylation reaction – Orientation and reactivities in mono substituted

benzene rings

c) Aromatic Nucleophilic substitution–Aromatic nucleophilic Substitution

(SNAr), Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution- SNi mechanisms-

Benzyne mechanism-The effect of substrate structure- effect of the leaving

group-Effect of the attacking nucleophile.

UNIT - IV (18 Hours)

Carbohydrates and Terpenoids :

a) Carbohydrates: Introduction –Determination of the configuration of the

monosaccharides-ring structure of the monosaccharides – Mechanism of

muta rotation- Hudson’s lactone rule-Hudson’s isorotation rule- Methods

for determining the size of sugar rings - Purdie’s method – Haworth’s

method-Oxidation method-Conformational analysis of the

monosaccharides-chemical methods-Chemistry, configuration and

conformation of sucrose, maltose, lactose, cellobiose , starch and

cellulose.

b) Terpenoids: Introduction-Isolation -General methods of determination of

structure- Classification of Terpenoids- Structure and synthesis of

zingiberene, α-cadinene, Abietic acid, Camphor and α -Terpineol

UNIT - V Computational Chemistry (18 Hours)

a) Introduction to Computers - Programming languages-Operating

systems-Internet access-origin-address-connectivity-World Wide Web- -

Websites- Web pages-Creation of e-mail address.

b) Chemdraw : Drawing Chemical Structures-Chemdraw basics-Starting

Chemdraw-Working with document-Drawing chemical structures-3D

structures-Energyminimization-Viewing3Dmolecules-

Page 72 of 146

PG CHEM - 8

Moleculardimensions-Molecular Properties-Partial charges-molecular

electrostatic potentials-Molecular orbitals-Spectroscopic transitions-

Local and global energy minima-Molecular dynamics-Stepwise bond

rotation- Automated screening of databases for lead compounds.

c) Molecular Docking : Docking procedures-manual docking-automatic

docking using docking softwares like Hex 4.2

Text Books

UNIT - I & II :

1. P.S.Kalsi, (2006) Stereochemistry, Conformation and Mechanism, Wiley

Eastern Ltd., VI edition, Page No.95-104, 139-158, Chapter II:Page No. 182-

209, Page No.73-91.

UNIT – II

1. P.S.Kalsi,(2006),Stereochemistry, Conformation and Mechanism, Wiley

Eastern Ltd.,VI edition, Chapter IV: Page No 304-372.

2. E.L.Eliel, Reprinted(2008), Stereo chemistry of Carbon Compounds,

McGraw Hill edition 1975.

3. V.M. Potapov,(1979) Stereochemistry, MIR publishers, Russian Edition,

Moscow, Chapter I,Page No. 57-71,Chapter II- PageNo.122-124,

PageNo.132-136.

4. I. L. Finar, (1975) Organic Chemistry, Vol.II ELBS Longmann,V edition,.

Chapter II ,Page No. 95-104. Chapter IV- Page No .145-154,159- 170,183-

194, Chapter V- Page No .227-238,

5. D.Nasipuri,(2006).Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Principles and

Application, Wiley Eastern Ltd., II edition, Chapter IV :Page No.48-60,

Chapter X : Page No 240-270, Chapter XII: Page No .390-400.

UNIT – III

1. Jerry March(2007),Advanced Organic chemistry ,Wiley and sons pvt.ltd., IV

edition. Chapter II: Page No.40-67, Chapter XI:Page No.501-517,528-

542,Chapter XIII :Page No.641-653.

UNIT – IV

1. I.L.Finar, (1975) Organic Chemistry, Vol.II ELBS Longmann, V edn.,

Chapter VII:Page No. 276-305,320-342.Chapter VIII: Page No. 354-

358,392-396.416-424, 441-446,453-459.

2. O.P.Agarwal,(2008),Chemistry of Organic Natural products ,Vol II, 34th

edition GOEL publishing House, Meerut.

3. O.P.Agarwal, (2008),Chemistry of Organic Natural products,Vol I, 37th

edition GOEL publishing House, Meerut.

UNIT – V 1. G.L.Patrick (2001)Medicinal chemistry, Oxford University Press, II edition,

Chapter XIII-Page No.319-356.For (b) Internet Resources.

2. S.Ignacimuthu ,Basic Bioinformatics(2005)-Narosa Publishing House, New

Delhi, I edition.Chapter II-Page No.13-19.

Page 73 of 146

PG CHEM - 9


WOMEN, SIVAKASI.


M.Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER I

14PCH12 – INORGANIC CHEMISTRY -I (For those admitted in June 2014 and later)



No. of credits : 04

Objectives:


to understand the structure of polyelectronic atoms

to comprehend and apply the theory of chemical bonding

to learn about the Chemistry in non aqueous solvents

to know about the essentials of nuclear chemistry

Unit - I (18 Hours)

The Structure of the Atom

Introduction-the Hydrogen atom-the radial wave function –angular wave

function- symmetry of orbitals–energies of orbitals -the polyelectronic atom -

electron spin and the Pauli principle – the Aufbau principle-atomic states, term

symbols and Hund’s rules – periodicity of the elements - shielding - the size of

atoms-ionisation energy-ionisation-electron affinity.

Unit - II (18 Hours)

Ionic bonding and the solid state

a) The ionic Bond: Introduction- properties of ionic substances-occurrence of

ionic bonding-structure of crystal lattices : ionic compounds of the typeAX:

NaCl, CsCl, Zincblende. Ionic compounds of the type AX2 : Fluorite & Rutile.

Layer structures: Cadmium iodide, Nickel arsenide. Structures containing

polyatomic ions:Calcium Carbide. Lattice energy – Born-Lande equation – the

Born- Haber cycle – uses of Born- Haber type calculations.

b) Solid State–Imperfections in crystals-conductivity in ionic solids- conductivity

by ion migration -solids held together by covalent bonding-types of solids-band

theory-intrinsic and photoexcited semiconductors-impurity and defect

semiconductors-high –temperature superconductors.

Unit - III (18 Hours)

The Covalent bond Introduction – valence bond theory-hybridization –the extent of d orbital

participation in molecular bonding–molecular orbital method - linear combination

of atomic orbitals method:s-s, s-p, p-p, p-d combination of orbitals -rules for

linear combination of atomic orbitals-examples of MO treatment for homonuclear

diatomic molecules like H2, He2, Li2, Be2, B2, C2, N2, O2, O2-, O2

-2, F2 .

Page 74 of 146

PG CHEM - 10

Examples of MO treatment for heteronuclear diatomic molecules like NO and

CO - molecular orbitals in tri atomic molecules like BeH2.

Unit - IV (18 Hours)

Chemistry in Non aqueous solvents

a) Non aqueous solvents: Introduction- classification of solvents-general

properties of ionizing solvents-liquid ammonia-liquid sulfur dioxide as solvent-

liquid dinitrogen tetroxide-liquid hydrogen fluoride-acetic acid-liquid bromine

trifluoride -Sulfuric acid.

b) Molten salts: solvent properties –room temperature molten salts-

unreactivity of molten salts-solution of metals-complex formation.

Unit - V (18 Hours)

Nuclear Chemistry

Introduction – fission energy-natural Uranium reactors - the four factor

formula-classification of reactors- reactor power- critical size of a thermal reactor-

excess reactivity and control-breeder reactor-India’s nuclear energy programme-

reprocessing of spent fuels-nuclear waste management-nature’s nuclear reactor-

radioactive pollution-recent nuclear reactor disasters in the world.

Text Books:

Unit I

1. J.E.Huheey & et al., (2007), Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of Structure and

Reactivity, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt, Ltd.,IV Edition.

Chapter-2-Page no. 9-37

Unit II

1. J.E.Huheey & et al.,(2007), Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of Structure and

Reactivity ,Dorling Kindersley (India ) Pvt, Ltd.,IV Edition .

Chapter-4 -Page no.72-84,103-114.

2. For Structure of crystal lattices -J.D.Lee, (2006),Concise Inorganic Chemistry ,

ELBS, Chapman and Hall, London ,V Edition.Chapter-6- Page no47-52

Unit III

1. J.D.Lee,(2006),Concise Inorganic Chemistry,ELBS,Chapman and Hall,

London,V Edition ,Chapter-4- Page no.80 -112.

2. J.E.Huheey & et al., (2007),Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of Structure and

Reactivity ,Dorling Kindersley (India ) Pvt, Ltd, IV Edition,

Chapter-5-Page no149- 150.

Unit IV

1. .Wahid U. Malik, G.D. Tuli, R.D. Madan ,(2007), Selected Topics in

Inorganic Chemistry , S.Chand&company Ltd, Chapter-7- Page no-218-249.

2. J.E.Huheey & et al., (2007), Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of Structure and

Reactivity, Dorling Kindersley (India ) Pvt, Ltd., IV Edition , Chapter-9 –

Page no250-252 , 257-259.

Page 75 of 146

PG CHEM - 11

Unit V

H.J.Arnikar,(2007) “Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry” ,New Age International

Publishers., IV Edition ,Chapter-7 Page no266-292 .

REFERENCES

1. F.A.Cotton &G.Wilkinson (1998), Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley

& Sons,Newyork, IV edition.

2. A.G.Sharpe (2007) “Inorganic Chemistry” Addision Weseley Longman Inc,III

edition.

Page 76 of 146

PG CHEM - 12


WOMEN, SIVAKASI.


M.Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER I

14PCH13– PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY - I




No. of credits : 04

Objectives:


to understand the basic concepts of polymer chemistry.

to learn the concept of chemical thermodynamics

to get exposed to non-equilibrium thermodynamics and chemical

equilibrium.

to acquire knowledge about the kinetic theory.

to apply statistical principles to thermodynamics.

Unit – I Polymer Chemistry (18 hours)

a) Chemistry of Polymerisation

Introduction – chain polymerization, free radical polymerization, ionic

polymerization, co-ordination polymerization. Zieglar – Natta catalyst.

b) Molecular Weight

Average molecular weight – number average and weight average

molecular weight – sedimentation and viscosity average molecular weights –

molecular weight and degree of polymerization. Determination of molecular

weight of polymer-end group analysis, viscometry, ultracentrifugation, viscosity,

diffusion, turbidity.

Unit – II Chemical Thermodynamics (18 hours)

a) Partial molar properties:

Partial molar properties –physical significance of partial molar property-

the chemical potential- equilibrium in heterogeneous systems-alternative

definitions of partial molar free energy -the variation of chemical potential with

temperature and pressure-free energy change in any process.

b) Thermodynamic properties of real gases

Fugacity – definition – determination of fugacity – graphical method, from

equation of state – variation of fugacity with temperature and pressure. Mean

activities of electrolytes. Activity coefficients from EMF measurements. Activity

of non electrolyte in presence of electrolyte.

Page 77 of 146

PG CHEM - 13

Unit – III (18 hours)

Chemical equilibrium and Non – equilibrium thermodynamics

a) Chemical equilibrium

Free energy and equilibrium constant – equilibrium in ideal gas systems –

heterogeneous equilibria – effect of pressure on chemical equilibria – effect of

temperature on chemical equilibria – van’t Hoff reaction isochore – van’t Hoff

reaction isotherm.

b) Non – equilibrium thermodynamics

Introduction – conservation of mass and energy – entropy production –

entropy production in chemical reactions – entropy production and entropy flow

in open systems – Onsager’s theory – applications – thermo electricity – electro

kinetic effects – mechano caloric effect.

Unit – IV Kinetic theory and transport phenomena in gases (18 hours)

a) Kinetic theory of gases:

Maxwell’s law of distribution of molecular velocities – significance of

Maxwell’s law – average values – average velocity, root mean square velocity,

mean square velocity - Maxwell’s distribution for kinetic energy –

experimental verification of Maxwell’s distribution law. Collision number –

collision frequency – collision number and mixture of gases – collision

diameter – mean free path. Classical theory of specific heat capacity – specific

heat capacity of a solid.

b) Transport phenomena in gases

Introduction – viscosity – effect of temperature – effect of pressure –

alternative derivation – thermal conductivity in gases - alternative derivation –

diffusion in gases - alternative derivation – degrees of freedom – law of

equipartition of energy.

Unit – V (18 hours)

Statistical Thermodynamics:

Introduction – energy states and energy levels –macro state and micro state

– thermodynamic probability – the Bose– Einstein statistics – the Fermi–Dirac

statistics – the Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics – the Bose Einstein distribution

function – the Fermi Dirac distribution function - the classical distribution

function – the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution function – the partition function –

thermodynamic properties of a system from partition function. Boltzmann –

Planck equation – entropy and probability – entropy of mixing.

Text Books:

Unit I

1. V.R.Gowariker, N.V.Viswanathan, Jayadev Sreedhar, (2008), Polymer

Science, New Age International (P) Limited, Reprint.

Chapter: 2, Page Number: 15 – 52.



Page 78 of 146

PG CHEM - 14

Unit II

1. S.Glasstone, (2000), Thermodynamics for Chemists, East – West Press

Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi, East – West student edition,

Chapter: X, Page Number: 213 – 219

Chapter: XII, Page Number: 250 -259

Chapter: XVI, Page Number: 378 – 380, 392 – 396, 402 - 403

Unit III

1. J.Rajaram and J.C.Kuriacose, (1999), Thermodynamics, Shoban Lal Nagin,

Chand & co, New Delhi, 3rd

edition.

Chapter: 11, Page Number: 391 – 396, 404 – 418.

Appendix: B, Page Number: 469 – 483, 493 - 498

Unit IV

1. Gurdeep Raj, (2005), Advanced Physical Chemistry, Goel Publishing House

Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi, 31st edition.

Chapter: 26, Page Number: 631 – 640, 645 – 658

2. Francis W Sears and Gerhard L Salinger, (1998), Thermodynamics, Kinetic

Theory and Statistical Thermodynamics, Narosa Publishing House, 3rd

edition.

Chapter: 9, Page Number: 264 - 271.

Unit V

1. Francis W Sears and Gerhard L Salinger, (1998) , Thermodynamics, Kinetic

Theory and Statistical Thermodynamics, Narosa Publishing House, 3rd

edition.

Chapter: 11, Page Number: 302 – 322, 327 – 342.



edition.

Chapter: 4, Page Number: 145 -150

Reference Books:

Unit I

1. Fred W.Billmeyer, JR. (2003), Text Book of Polymer Science, A Wiley –

Interscience Publication, III edition.

Unit II



edition.

2. D.N Bajpai, (1998), Advanced Physical Chemistry , S.Chand & Company


Unit III

1. S.Glasstone, (2000), Thermodynamis for Chemists, East – West Press Pvt.Ltd.,

New Delhi, 11th

edition

2. D.N Bajpai, (1998), Advanced Physical Chemistry, S.Chand & Company Ltd.,

New Delhi, III edition.

Page 79 of 146

PG CHEM - 15

Unit IV

1. S.Glasstone, (2001), Thermodynamics for Chemists- East – Weat Press

Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi, 11th

edition



edition.

3. D.N Bajpai, (1998), Advanced Physical Chemistry – S.Chand & Company

Ltd., New Delhi, III edition

Unit V

1. S.Glasstone, (2000), Thermodynamics for Chemists, Van Nostrand Co.,Inc,

New york.11th

edition.

Page 80 of 146

PG CHEM - 16


WOMEN, SIVAKASI.


M.Sc. CHEMISTRY

MAJOR PRACTICAL

SEMESTER I

14PCH1L – INORGANIC QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE

ANALYSIS




No. of credits : 04

Objectives :


develop skill in semimicro qualitative and quantitative analyis.

know the technique of preparation and spectral characterization of

complexes.

have an idea about quantitative estimation of metal ions

spectrophotometrically

*1. Semi – micro qualitative analysis: Analysis of mixtures containing two

cations from the following: W, Tl, Se, Te, Mo, Ce, Zr, V and Li.

2. Quantitative Analysis: Separation and estimation of mixtures by volumetric

and gravimetric methods. Some recommended mixtures are

a. Estimation of Copper volumetrically and Nickel gravimetrically

b. Estimation of Copper volumetrically and Calcium gravimetrically

c. Estimation of Fe(III) volumetrically and Nickel gravimetrically

d. Estimation of Barium volumetrically and Calcium gravimetrically.

*3. Preparation and Spectral characterization of any three Inorganic

complexes.

*4. Spectrophotometric determination of

a) Iron by thiocyanate

b) Iron by 1, 10-Phenanthroline

c) Nickel by DMG

*For Internal assessment only

Page 81 of 146

PG CHEM - 17

Total No. of sessions – 15 (15 x 6 = 90 hours)

S. No

Nature of Work

No. of sessions allotted

1. Demonstration

1

2. Regular practical classes

12

3.

Revision exam

1

4.

Model Exam

1

Total 15

Reference Books

1. J.Bassett ,R.C.Denny,H.Jaffery,J.Mendhan(1978), Vogel’s Text book of

Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, ELBS,IV edition.

2. Dr.V.V.Ramanujam, (2008), Inorganic semi-micro qualitative analysis,

The National Publishing company,III edition.

3. E.A.V.Ebsworth, D.W.H.Rankin and S.Gaddock, (1987), Structural

methods in inorganic chemistry, ELBS Black well scientific publications,

ELBS edition.

Page 82 of 146

PG CHEM - 18


WOMEN, SIVAKASI.


M.Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER I

14PCH1E1-ELECTIVE – PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY




No. of credits : 05

Objectives

To enable the learners to:

know the medicinal values of various drugs, their actions and

metabolismof drug

help them to study the action and adverse effects of various drugs

like sulphonamides, analgesics, antipyretics, anaesthetics etc.

know about first aid treatment

gain some basic knowledge about various common diseases.

UNIT I (18 hours)

Sources, Classification and Metabolism of drug

Introduction- the nature and sources of drugs – study of drugs-

classification of drug- biological classification –chemical classification –commercial classification. nomenclature of drugs-mechanism of drugs action –the

chemistry of drug receptor binding- mechanism of different types of drug action -

metabolism of drugs – chemical pathways of drug metabolism – phase I and

phase II reactions.

UNIT II (18 hours)

a) Absorption and Assay of drugs Absorption of drugs- various routes of administration of drug- factors that

affect absorption- digestion and absorption of protein- digestion of fats-

absorption of fats-assay of drugs-chemical assay-biological assay-immunological

assay.

b) First aid for accidents Important rules of First Aid-cuts, abrasions and bruises-bleeding-fractures-

burns-fainting-poisonous bites-first aid box-detection of hallucinogens and

poisons-antidotes for poisoning-acid poisoning-alkali poisoning- poisoning-by

disinfectants-hallucinogens-atropine-alcohol-mercury poisoning - salicylate

poisoning

Page 83 of 146

PG CHEM - 19

c) Causes of common diseases and their treatment by drugs

Introduction-some common insect borne diseases –malaria-filariasis-

plaque- common air borne diseases, their control and treatment-diphtheria-

whooping cough-influenza-measles-mumps-common cold –tuberculosis-some

common water -borne diseases like cholera- typhoid-dysentery.

UNIT III (18 hours)

(a) Medicinally important Inorganic compounds

Compounds of Aluminum- alum, aluminum hydroxide gel, bentonite and

aluminum acetate .Compounds of Phosphorus- phosphoric acid and hypo

phosphorus acid. Compounds of arsenic- arsenous anhydride, sodium arsenate,

aromatic arsenicals, sodium and calcium cocodylate. Compounds of Iron- ferrous

fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous sulphate, ferric ammonium citrate and

ferrocholinate. Compounds of mercury- yellow mercury oxide, oleated mercury,

calomel, mercury with chalk and ammoniated mercury.

(b) Biological role of some Inorganic compounds Sodium and its compounds- potassium and its compounds- calcium and its

compounds-therapeutic uses of calcium salt- iodine and its compounds-biological

role of iodine and its preparations- copper and its compounds-biological role of

copper and its compounds- zinc and its biological role.

UNIT IV (18 hours)

(a) Sulphonamides

History and development of sulphonamides – properties of sulphonamides

– mechanism of action of sulpha drugs – sulphanilamide – sulphadiazine –

sulphapyridine – sulphathiazole- prontosil. (structure and application only)

(b) Diabetes and Hypoglycemic drugs

Introduction- types of diabetes- control of diabetes-insulin-chemical

structure of insulin- preparation and dosage of insulin- oral hypoglycemic agents-

suphonyl ureas-tolbutamide-chlorpropamide-glibenclamide-biguanides-

phenformin-metformin.

UNIT V (18 hours)

Analgesics, Anaesthetics, Antiseptics and Disinfectants

(a) Narcotic analgesics

Morphine and derivatives- totally synthetic analgesics, pethidines and

methadones – antipyretic analgesics – salicylic acid derivatives- indomethacin –

para aminophenol derivatives.

(b)Anaesthetics General anaesthetics – volatile general anaesthetics – non-volatile general

anaesthetics - vinyl ether – halohydrocarbons – chloroform – halothane –

cyclopropane – trichloroethylene- intravenous anaesthetics – thiopentone-

sodium propanidid- local anaesthtics- cocaine and its denivatives.

(c) Antiseptics and Disinfectants

Distinction between disinfectants and antiseptics – phenols and related

compounds – halogen compounds.

Page 84 of 146

PG CHEM - 20

Text book:

1. Jayashree Ghosh ,( 2003) A Text book of pharmaceutical chemistry, S.Chand

& Company Ltd, New Delhi.

UNIT I :

Chapter 1 PageNo: 1-5; Chapter 2 PageNo: 6-11;

Chapter 3 PageNo: 21-39.

UNIT II:

(a) Chapter 3 PageNo: 41-49;

(b) Chapter 5 PageNo: 66-71;

(c)Chapter 6 PageNo: 72-75.

UNIT III:


(b)Chapter 8 PageNo: 90-98.

UNIT IV:


(b) Chapter 14 PageNo: 159-163.

UNIT V:

(a) Chapter 16 PageNo:169-178;

(b) Chapter 17 PageNo: 179-190;

(c)Chapter 18 PageNo: 191-195.

Page 85 of 146

PG CHEM - 21


FOR WOMEN, SIVAKASI.


SEMESTER I

14PCH1E2 – ELECTIVE – BIOINFORMATICS.




No. of credits : 05

Objectives:


understand the basic concept of Bioinformatics

know about the use of software’s to draw the chemical structure

carry out interdisciplinary project work

know the importance of drug designing using molecules docking

UNIT-I (18 Hours)

Introduction to Bioinformatics :

Introduction-Branches of Bioinformatics- Genomics-Transcriptomics-

proteomics-systems biology-functional genomics-metabolomics-structural

genomics-Nutritional genomics-cheminformatics-molecular phylogency.Aims of

Bioinformatics-Data acquisition-tools and Database development-data analysis-

Data integration, Scope/Research areas of Bioinformatics-genome and sequence

analysis from sequence to 3D structural prediction-analysis of genome wide

biomedical data and functional genomics-database building and management-

Training activities on Bioinformatics-research and development

UNIT-II (18 Hours)

Representation and Manipulation of 3D Molecular structure

Introduction, experimental 3D data bases 3D pharmacophores,

Implementation of 3D database searching, Theoretical 3D data bases-Structure-

generation programs-conformational search and analysis- systematic

conformational search-random conformational -other approaches to

conformational search –comparison and evaluation of conformational search

methods. Methods to derive 3D Pharmacophores- pharmacophore mapping using

constrained systematic search- clique detection-maximum likelihood method for

pharmacophore Mapping-genetic Algorithm-other approaches to pharmacophore

mapping - practical aspects of pharmacophore mapping, Applications of 3D

pharmacophore mapping and 3D database searching

UNIT-III (18 Hours)

Similarity Methods:

Introduction , similarity based on 2D finger prints, similarity coefficients-

properties of similarity and distance coefficients –other 2D descriptor methods –maximum common sub graph similarity –reduced graph similarity, 3D similarity-

alignment –independent methods –alignment methods – field based alignment

Page 86 of 146

PG CHEM - 22

methods-genomic projection methods –finding the optimal alignment comparison

and evaluation of similarity methods.

UNIT-IV (18 Hours)

a) Data bases in Bioinformatics :

Introduction-biological databases –history of biological databases-features

of biological databases-classification scheme of biological databases-biological

database retrieval systems

b) Biological sequence Databases:

Introduction-tools and databases of -NCBI –Database retrieval tool-

Sequence submission to NCBI-Bankit-Sequin-BLAST-PSI-BLAST,RPS-BLAST-

BLAST-BLAST 2 sequence

UNIT-V (18 Hours)

a) Bioinformatics in computer- aided Drug design:

Introduction, drug discovery process- historical perspective-hit

identification –structural bioinformatics in drug discovery –some basics about in

silico drug designing-SAR and QSAR technique in drug design-development of

linear –free energy relationships-application of Hammett equation-Hansch

equation –application of QUSAR in CADD

b) Molecular Docking:

Introduction-flexibility calculation- Simulation techniques widely used in

molecular docking-M D simulation - software for structure based drug design and

molecular docking-A briefing on drug bank- auto dock-steps for flexible docking

in auto dock –preparing the ligand and the macromolecule for auto dock-auto

grid- auto dock file formats-choose the docking algorithm-viewing conformational

clusters by RMSD


References :

1. Bioinformatics –Principles and applications by Zhumur ghosh & Bibekan

and Mallick, Oxford university press I edition (2008)

Unit I- Page. No 1-20

Unit IV- Page. No 47-57, 59-69

Unit V- Page. No 329-343 ,348-360

2. An introduction to cheminformatics by Andrew R.Leach &Valerie J.gillet-

Springer International Edition, I Edition (2009)

Unit II-Page. No 27-52

Unit III-Page. No 99-117

Page 87 of 146

PG CHEM - 23


WOMEN, SIVAKASI.


M.Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER II

14PCH21 – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -II




No.of credits : 05

Objectives :


understand the principles of UV, IR, NMR spectroscopy and

Mass spectrometry

apply UV, IR, PMR & C13

NMR methods in elucidating

the structure and identification of organic molecules.

apply the principles of ORD & CD in elucidating

the structure of organic molecules.

UNIT I (18 Hours)

UV Spectroscopy:

Introduction-electronic energy levels-types of electronic transition-Selection

rules-designation of UV bands-Absorption laws- chromophores and auxochromes

– Bathochromic shift-Hypsochromic shift- Hyperchromic shift-Isobestic point-

Factors affecting the position of UV bands–conjugation-steric hinderence on

coplanarity-conformation geometry in polyene system-solvent effect –

characteristic absorption of organic compounds-Woodward-Fieser rules –

Applications of electronic spectroscopy to conjugated dienes, polyenes, , -

unsaturated carbonyl compounds - benzene and its derivatives – stereochemical

factors in electronic spectroscopy-Applications of UV spectroscopy.

UNIT II (18 Hours)

IR Spectroscopy Introduction - theory- molecular vibrations-vibrational frequency-number of

fundamental vibrations- Factors influencing vibrational frequencies –coupled

vibrations, Fermi resonance, Hydogen bonding- Electronic effects - inductive

effect, mesomeric effect, field effect, conjugation effect - Variation of carbonyl

stretching frequency in cycloalkanones due to ring strain, physical state- solvent

effect- Finger print region- Interpretation of IR spectra of some organic

compounds-Intra and intermolecular factors affecting the carbonyl frequency-

applications of IR spectroscopy -Identification of an organic compound,

Structure determination, detection of impurities, detection of functional group

(qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis -control of reactions and separation

of mixtures- distinction of inter and intramolecular hydrogen bonding (effect of

dilution)- Study of a chemical reaction- study of complex molecules-study of

isomerism in organicchemistry-Conformational analysis-Geometrical isomerism-

Rotational isomerism- FT - IR, advantages of FT-IR over dispersive IR.

Page 88 of 146

PG CHEM - 24

UNIT III (18 hours)

Mass spectrometry, ORD and CD

a) Mass spectrometry Resolution - Base peak - Isotopic peak - metastable peak - parent peak -

determination and use of molecular formula- recognition of molecular ion –

Fragmentations – General rules – Pattern of fragmentation for various classes of

compounds – McLafferty rearrangement – Use of metastable peaks – Fast atom

bombardment – Field desorption – Matrix assisted laser desorption.

b) ORD and CD – Principle – Cotton effect – type of ORD curves - -

haloketone rule - Octant rule – applications to determine the configuration and

conformation of simple monocyclic and bicyclic ketones – comparison of ORD

and CD.

UNIT IV (18 hours)

H1NMR spectroscopy - Introduction- spin active nuclei- orientation of spinning

nuclear magnets- energy absorption and relaxation- NMR solvents- chemical shift

– Factors affecting the chemical shift- Equivalence and nonequivalence of

protons-Spin–spin coupling – coupling constants – Factors affecting coupling

constant-analysis of first order and non first order splitting – Systems containing

2, 3, 4 and 5 interacting nuclei-dependence of coupling constant on dihedral angle

– Karplus equation- Vicinal and geminal coupling – Long range coupling- Virtual

coupling- Through space coupling-Heteronuclear coupling- Interpretation of PMR

spectra -Simplification of complex spectra – chemical techniques - Shift reagents-

instrumental techniques- double resonance – INDOR – NOE and its applications.

Application of NMR spectroscopy.

UNIT-V: (18 hours)

C13

NMR and Spectral Problems

a) C13

NMR Spectroscopy - Introduction - Comparison of C13

NMR and H1

NMR.Low natural abundance of C13

-Chemical shifts-Factors affecting the

chemical shifts in C13

NMR-simplification of C13

spectra- H1 decoupling – noise

decoupling- Off resonance decoupling - Line intensities – chemical shift

equivalence - Elementary study of , and - effects - Hybridization of carbon -

Resonance effects on C13

chemical shift. Correlation spectroscopy - NOSY,

COSY, HETCOR, DEPT Spectroscopy

b) Problems involving all the above techniques in Unit I, II ,III and IV.

Text books :

UNIT – I 1. Jag Mohan,(2007)Organic Spectroscopy, Principles and applications,

Narosa Publishing House Pvt.Ltd., II edition, Chapter 3:Page No.119-129,

133-153, 166-175.

UNIT – II 1. Jag Mohan, (2007) Organic Spectroscopy , Principles and applications,

Narosa Publishing House Pvt.Ltd., II edition, Chapter 2:Page No.18-104.

2. Y.R.Sharma, (2006), Elementary Organic spectroscopy, S.Chand and

company limited, I Edition,Chapter 2 :Page no.65-133.

UNIT – III 1. Jag Mohan, (2007),Organic Spectroscopy , Principles and applications,

Narosa Publishing House Pvt.Ltd., II edition, Chapter 6:Page No.473-485.

Page 89 of 146

PG CHEM - 25

UNIT – IV

1. Jag Mohan, (2007),Organic Spectroscopy, Principles and applications,

Narosa Publishing House Pvt.Ltd., II edition, Chapter 4 : Page No. 187-

197, 200-288. Chapter 4 : Page No.296-306,

UNIT – V 1. Jag Mohan, (2007)Organic Spectroscopy , Principles and applications,

Narosa Publishing House Pvt.Ltd., II edition, Chapter 4 : Page No 307-

315, Chapter 7 : Page No. 487-524.

Reference Books:

1. W.Kemp, (2008)Organic Spectroscopy , Palgrave publishers limited,III

edition.

2. R.M.Silvestein,G.C.Basler & T.C.Morrill (199l), “Spectroscopic

Identification of Organic compounds ,John Wiley and sons, V edition.

3. P.Kalsi, (2001) Spectroscopy of Organic compounds, New Age

International (p) Ltd., IV edition,

Page 90 of 146

PG CHEM - 26


WOMEN, SIVAKASI.


M.Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER II

14PCH22– INORGANIC CHEMISTRY -II




No. of credits : 04

Objectives:


have an idea about various electro analytical and spectro

analytical techniques

have a complete study of chemistry of f-block elements

have an insight into organo metallic chemistry and chemistry

of rare elements

UNIT-I (18 Hours)

Electro analytical Methods:

a) Electro Gravimetry :Theory of electro gravimetric analysis –terms used in

electro gravimetry - principle of electrolytic separation of metals - electrolytic

separation of metals with controlled cathode potential-constant current

electrolysis –determination of Copper by constant current procedure,

determination of Copper,Lead &Tin in bearing metal by controlled potential

procedure.

b) Coulometry: General discussion-coulometry at controlled potential-apparatus

and technique-separation of Nickel and Cobalt by Coulometric analysis at

controlled potential.

Coulometric titrations: General discussion-principle-instrumentation-external

generation of titrant- coulometric titrations for estimation of chloride, bromide,

iodide and acids.

c) Cyclic Voltammetry: Principle – applications.

d) Stripping Voltammetry: principles-fundamental features-determination of

lead in tap water.

e) Amperometry: Amperometric titrations-:principle-advantages-technique of

amperometric titrations with the dropping mercury electrode-titration of an iodide

solution with Mercury(II) nitrate solution.

UNIT-II (18 Hours)

Spectro Analytical Methods

a)Nephelometry and Turbidimetry:

General discussion-instrumentation-– determination of sulphate -determination

of phosphate.

Page 91 of 146

PG CHEM - 27

b) Spectrofluorimetry:

General discussion-quantitative aspects-excited state lifetime- -instrument for

fluorimetric analysis- applications of fluorimetry in the determination of quinine,

codeine and morphine in a mixture.

c) Atomic emission spectroscopy:

(i)General discussion-advantages and disadvantages – equipment for emission

spectrographic analysis -R.U powder method-qualitative spectrographic analysis

of a complex inorganic mixture.

(ii)Plasma emission spectroscopy: Introduction- the direct current plasma –the

inductively coupled plasma-sample introduction-ICP instrumentation.

d)Infrared spectrophotometry: Introduction-apparatus and instruments-

the Beer-Lambert relationship in quantitative infrared spectrophotometry-

determination of the purity of commercial benzoic acid-determination of acetone

in propan-2-ol.

UNIT-III (18 Hours)

Lanthanides and Actinides:

a) Chemistry of Lanthanides: Introduction- position in the periodic table-

occurrence of lanthanides- extraction of lanthanides from Monazite minerals –

separation of lanthanides by fractional crystallization, change of oxidation states,

solvent extraction ion-exchange method and chromatographic methods-general

properties of lanthanides: Electronic configuration-oxidation states-atomic and

ionic radii(lanthanide contraction) , colour and absorption spectra.

b) Chemistry of Actinides: Introduction- position in the periodic table-

separation of actinide elements-general properties of actinides: Electronic

configuration- oxidation states- atomic and ionic radii(actinide contraction) -

colour and absorption spectra .

UNIT-IV (18 Hours)

Organometallic Chemistry:Synthesis,Structure and bonding

Introduction-synthesis, structure and bonding in nitrosyl complexes, di

nitrogen complexes,metal alkyls,carbenes,carbynes and carbides alkyl complexes

, non aromatic alkene and alkyne complexes, allyl and pentadienyl complexes.

Metallocenes: Structures of cyclopentadienyl compound(Ferrocene) – covalent

versus ionic bonding-synthesis of cyclopentadienyl compounds-arene complexes-

cycloheptatriene and Tropylium complexes. Organometallic compounds of main

group elements and their structure and bonding.

UNIT- V (18 Hours)

Chemistry of Rare Elements:

Periodic discussion- occurrence- isolation– purification- properties, technical

applications and analytical chemistry of the following metals.

i) Rubidium ii) Radium iii)Thorium iv) Ruthenium v) Rhodium

vi)Palladium vii) Osmium and viii) Iridium.

Page 92 of 146

PG CHEM - 28

Text Books:

Unit I

1. G.H.Jeffery, J.Bassett,J.Mendham,R.C.Denny,(1997), Vogel’s Textbook of

Quantitative Chemical Analysis , ELBS with Longmann,V edition,

Chapter-12- Page no, 503-518, .529-547. Chapter-16- Page no,621-629,

631-632.

2. Douglas A.Skoog, DonaldM.West,F.JamesHolleer,StanelyR.Crouch,(2005),

Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry,Thomson Brooks/Cole,VIII

edition.Chapter23-Page No.694-697.

Unit II

1. G.H.Jeffery,J.Bassett,J.Mendham,R.C.Denny,(1997), Vogel’s Textbook of

Quantitative Chemical Analysis, ELBS with Longmann,V edition,Chapter-17-

Page no,726-730 , . Chapter-18- Page no,731-740, Chapter-20- Page no,758—

767 ,741-747,752-757 &770-778.

Unit III

1. Wahid U. Malik, G.D. Tuli, R.D. Madan ,(2007), Selected Topics in Inorganic

Chemistry , S.Chand&company Ltd, Chapter-9- Page no-274-304,

Chapter-10- Page no-311-331.

Unit IV

1. J.E.Huheey & etal., (2007)Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of Structure and

Reactivity , Dorling Kindersley (India ) Pvt Ltd, IV edition,

Chapter-18 ,Page no-601-630.

Unit V

1. H.D.Mathur and O.P.Tandon(1986) ,Chemistry of Rare Elements ,S.Chand &

Co., Page no 1-10,31-38,87-94,198-230.

REFERENCES:

1. F.A.Cotton and G.Wilkinson,(1998) Advanced Inorganic Chemistry - John

Wiley & sons,Newyork, , IV edition.

2. A.G.Sharpe,(2007),Inorganic Chemistry,Addision Wesly India edition, III

edition.

Page 93 of 146

PG CHEM - 29


WOMEN, SIVAKASI.


M. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER II

14PCH23 – PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY -II




No. of credits : 04

Objectives:


understand the concepts of wave mechanics.

apply the Principles of quantum chemistry to atomic and molecular

systems and to obtain their energies

know about the importance and significance of electrochemistry and

its applications.

get knowledge about computer applications in Chemistry.

Unit – I (18hours)

a) Operators:

Introduction – addition and subtraction of operator – multiplication of

operators – linear operator – commutator – vector operator – Laplacian –

Hermitian and unitary operators - eigen functions and eigen values - normalization

and orthogonality - setting up of operators for different observables - time

independent Schrodinger wave equation.

b) Wave mechanics of some simple systems :

One dimensional box –– three dimensional box – electron in a ring – the

rigid rotator.

Unit – II (18hours)

a) Applications of Schrödinger Wave Equation

One dimensional simple harmonic oscillator - Hydrogen like atoms -

probability density in 1s atomic orbital - shape of atomic orbitals – electron spin

b) Approximation methods

Introduction - general time-independent perturbation theory – application

of perturbation method (Hydrogen and Helium) –Variation theorem – application

of variation method (Hydrogen and Helium). The wave function of many electron

systems – helium atom and many electron atom – Hartee self-consistent field

methods.

c) Molecular orbital and Valence Bond theories for Diatomic molecules

Introduction – Born-Oppenheimer approximation – molecular

orbital theory – the Hydrogen molecule ion, the Hydrogen molecule. Valence

bond method.

Page 94 of 146

PG CHEM - 30

Unit – III (18hours)

ELECTROCHEMISTRY- I

Electrolytic conductance of solutions:

Applications of direct conductance measurements – conductivity of

strong electrolyte solutions, conductivities of melted and solid electrolytes.

Theory of electrolytic conductance – variation of ionic speeds – the degree of

dissociation – the ionic atmosphere – time relaxation of ionic atmosphere –

mechanism of electrolytic conductance - Debye-Huckel Onsager equation –

validity of Debye Huckel Onsager equation – deviations from the Onsager

equation – dispersion of conductance at high frequencies – conductance with high

potential gradients.

Equilibrium constant and free energy changes – activities of

electrolytes - the ionic strength – Debye Huckel theory – Debye Huckel Limiting

law – Debye Huckel equation for appreciable concentration –Huckel-Bronsted

equation, verification of the Debye-Huckel equation. Theories of electrical double

layer, zeta potential.

Unit – IV (18hours)

ELECTROCHEMISTRY II

a) Electrode Processes:

Non-equilibrium electrode potentials – electrode kinetics – the Butler-

Volmer equation, the Tafel equation – electrolysis and overvoltage –

activation overvoltage – resistance overvoltage – concentration overvoltage –

hydrogen and oxygen overvoltage – theories of hydrogen overvoltage.

polarography.

b) Corrosion:

Corrosion – electrochemical theory of corrosion - types of corrosion –

pitting corrosion, uniform corrosion, stress corrosion, intergranular corrosion,

waterline corrosion, microbiological corrosion and erosion corrosion.

Corrosion prevention – electrical methods, methods based on treatment of

metals, methods based on treatment of medium, methods based on external

influence, combined methods.

Unit – V COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN CHEMISTRY (18hours)

a) Fundamentals of C Language

Introduction – characters – variables – constants-operators – statements – files.

b) C Programs in Chemistry

1. Program for computation of the values of vander Waal’s constant.

2. Program for computation of values of collision number and mean free path.

3. Program to compute the values for equivalent and molar conductance.

4. Program for computation of values of reduced mass and the moment of

inertia.

5. Program for computation of rotational energy.

6. Program for computation of rotational constant.

Page 95 of 146

PG CHEM - 31

7. Program for computation of translational energy for the particle in a one

dimensional box.

8. Program to compute the value of coefficient of viscosity n the basis of

Poisulle’s equation.

9. Program for computation of value of b and hence to find out the value of

ni on the basis of Boltzmann’s statistics.

10. Program for the computation of number average and weight average

molecular weight s of a polymer.

Text Books:

Unit I & II

1. A.K.Chandra, (1988), Introductory Quantum chemistry - Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Company New Delhi, IV edition.


Chapter: 2, Page Number: 10 -19.


Chapter: 4, Page Number: 82 – 97, 100 – 102

Chapter: 5, Page Number: 109 – 120

Chapter: 6, Page Number: 138 – 148

Chapter: 7, Page Number: 182 - 210

Unit III

1. B.K.Sharma, (1997-98), Electrochemistry, GOEL Publishing House, V

edition.


2. S.Glasstone, (2005), An introduction to Electrochemistry- Van Nostrand Co.

Inc., New York, East – West student edition.

Chapter: 3, Page Number: 79-94, 101 – 105


Unit IV

1. D.R.Crow, (1988), Principles and applications of Electrochemistry, Chapmann

and Hall Ltd, II edition.


2. B.K.Sharma, (1997-98), Electrochemistry, GOEL Publishing House, V edition.

Chapter: 33, Page Number: 453 - 455, 461 – 476

Unit V

1. Kishor Arora, (2004), Computer Applications in Chemistry, Anmol

publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, I edition.


Chapter:7, Page Number: 172 – 215.

Page 96 of 146

PG CHEM - 32

Reference Books:

Unit I & II

1. I. N. Levin, (2000), Allyn and Bacon, Quantum Chemistry - Boston, V

edition.

2. R.K.Prasad, (2006), Quantum Chemistry - Wiley Eastern Limited, III edition.

3. D.A.McQuarrie, (1983), Quantum Chemistry - Oxford University Press, IV

edition.

Unit III

1. J.O.M.Bockris and A. K. N. Reddy, (2006), Modern Electrochemistry vol. I &

II - Plenum Press, New York, III edition.

2. D.R.Crow, (1988), Principle and Application of Electrochemistry - Chapman

and Hall, II edition.

Unit IV

1. S.Glasstone, (2005), An Introduction to Electrochemistry- Van Nostrand Co.

Inc., New York, East – West student edition.

2. J.O.M.Bockris and A. K. N. Reddy, (2006), Modern Electrochemistry vol. I &

II - Plenum Press, New York, III edition.

Page 97 of 146

PG CHEM - 33


WOMEN, SIVAKASI.


SEMESTER II – PG ELECTIVE

14PCH2E – SAFETY FIREWORKS




No. of credits : 05

Objectives:


understand the importance of fireworks industry.

understand the basic principles of Fireworks.

have an idea about crackers.

know about safety measures

UNIT-I (18 Hours)

INTRODUCTION History of the Fireworks Industry in India. Fireworks –Principles and

Practice ,Do’s and Don’ts , points to remember, useful points. History of Rocketry

in India – engagements in which rockets appeared. Glossary of common terms

used in fireworks industry.

UNIT-II (18 Hours)

INGREDIENTS OF FIREWORKS

Ingredients of Fireworks – properties and their role – aluminium , barium

nitrate , calcium carbonate , sulphur , charcoal , clay , dextrin , potassium chlorate

, phosphorous , iron fillings, potassium nitrate , magnesium , strontium nitrate ,

strontium carbonate , barium carbonate , copper powder and Paris green.

Chemical risks in health. Chemical safety.

UNIT-III (18 Hours)

SIMPLE ANALYTICAL TEST & METHOD OF MANUFACTURING OF

FIREWORKS

Analytical Test – physical appearance – test for nitrate, chlorate,

aluminium, barium, copper, iron, magnesium, potassium, strontium, phosphorous

and titanium.

Method of Manufacturing – general method of manufacturing of gun powder ,

quick matches, rocket, toy caps, snakes, chinese crackers , maroons, lances, flower

pot , chakkarams, sparklers ,parachute, waterfalls, smoke, Roman candles and

Bengal lights.

Page 98 of 146

PG CHEM - 34

UNIT-IV (18 Hours)

GENERAL REGULATIONS GOVERNING ALL EXPLOSIVES

Basic principles – general regulations – danger area – explosives in transit

– protective clothing and hygiene – operational difficulties – maintenance and

repair in explosive buildings. Recommendations for the maintenance and

operation of a fireworks factory. How to play fireworks safely, how to store and

sell fireworks safely, steps to be observed before display and during display.

UNIT-V

(18 Hours)

General Guidelines for good house keeping in working operations and fire

prevention and control.

Introduction – work places and equipment –use lists – cleaning. Operation

instructions. Training – periodic review and updating. Safety survey – safety

audits – object of safety audit – guidelines for safety audit teams. Operating

procedure – explosive licenses – training. Operator training – maintenance and

inspection – general review of process and hazards. Personal protective

equipments.

Fire prevention – definition of terms – house keeping , protective

considerations in building design , organizing for fire protection .Classification of

fires – classification of fire extinguisher– procedure to be followed when an

emergency fire has started – control of emergencies – preparation for control.

Reference:

1.Ghosh, K.N., (1988) “ Principles of Fireworks”. Economic enterprise

,Ahmedabad, IEdition.

2.A.Chelladurai, “Fireworks Principles and Practise”

3.A.Chelladurai, “ History of the Fireworks in India”

4.Standard Fireworks Ltd., Sivakasi, “General Regulations Governing all

Explosives Manufacturing Establishments”

.


Page 99 of 146

PG CHEM - 35


WOMEN SIVAKASI.


M.Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER II

14PCH2L- ORGANIC ESTIMATION AND ANALYSIS



Total number of hours per semester: 90

No. of credits : 04

Objectives :


estimate the organic compounds quantitatively.

separate the components in a organic mixture and to analyse them.

separate the organic compounds by chromatographic methods.

identify the organic compounds by spectrofluorimetry.

know the FT-IR spectral interpretation of the organic compounds.

I . Organic Estimations :

a) Estimation of ethyl methyl ketone

b) Estimation of acetone.

c) Estimation of ascorbic acid

II Separation and analysis

a) Separation of organic mixture and analysis (Eight Mixtures)

*b) FT-IR spectral interpretation of separated organic compounds

*III Separation of Organic mixture by Chromatographic methods:

(Demo Only)

a) Column Chromatography

b) Thin layer Chromatography

c) Paper circular chromatography

d) Paper ascending chromatography

*IV Identification of Organic Compounds by Spectrofluorimetry-

a) Determination of Quinine

b) Determination of Vitamin-B1 (Thiamine)

c) Determination of Vitamin-B2 (Riboflavin)

* For Internal Assessment only

Reference Books:

1. A.I.Vogel, (1987),Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry, Part III-

Quantitative organic analysis- Longmann London,IV Edition.

2. A.I.Vogel, (1987) Textbook of practical Organic chemistry, ELBS and

Longmann London, III edition.

3. J.Bassett, C.Denney, H.Jeffery and J.Mendham (1986),Vogel’s textbook

of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis- IV Edition, Page No. 777.

4. B.B .Dey and M.V.Sitaraman T.R.Govindachari, (1992) Laboratory

manual of Organic chemistry, Allied Publishers, IV Edition , ,Chapter 8,

Page no. 194-209.

Page 100 of 146

PG CHEM - 36

5. Dr.H.Kaur,(2003),Instrumental methods of chemical analysis, Pragathi

Prakashan Publishers, II Edition, , Chapter 22,Page No. 555-556.

6. Raj K.Bansal,(1994),Laboratory manual of organic chemistry, Wiley

Eastern Limited, III edition, Chapter 8, page no. 251-256.

7. V.Venkateshwaran, R.Veerasamy, A.R.Kulandaivelu, Sultanchand &

sons,(2005),Basic principles of practical chemistry, educational publishers,

II edition, page no. 258-298.

8. J.N.Gurtu and R.Kapoor, (1982), Advanced experimental chemistry, vol.

III, organic, S.Chand and company limited, II edition, Delhi, Page no. 342-

354.

9. Jag Mohan, (2007), Organic Spectroscopy, Principles and

applications,Narosa Publishing House Pvt.Ltd. Publishers, II

edition.

TOTAL NO. OF SESSIONS – 15 (15 X 6 = 90 Hrs)

Nature of work No. of

Sessions

Regular practical

Revision

Model

Viva voce

15

1

1

1

Total 18

Page 101 of 146

PG CHEM - 37


WOMEN, SIVAKASI.


M. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER III

14PCH31 – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - III




No. of credits : 05

Objectives:


study about the reaction mechanism.

know about substitution ,elimination and addition reaction and

their mechanisms.

study about the photochemical reaction.

To know about the pericyclic reactions.

UNIT I (18 Hours)

Reaction mechanism and Energy Correlation : Basic principle of

reaction-formation and stability of reactive intermediates – free radicals - carbenes

– nitrenes - carbocations – methods of determination of reaction mechanism –

kinetic and thermodynamic control of chemical reactions – kinetic and non-kinetic

methods of determining organic reaction mechanism – principle of microscopic

reversibility – energy profile diagram for all types of reactions – Hammond

postulate-addition compounds-EDA complexes- Crown ether complexes-

inclusion compounds - Quantitative treatment of effects of structure on reactivity-

Hammett relationship-significance of reaction and substituent constants-

application of Hammett equation in reaction mechanism-limitations and deviation-

Taft equation.

UNIT II (18 Hours)

a) Aliphatic nucleophilic substitution and Elimination : Nucleophilicity and

basicity – SN1 & SN2 mechanisms – effect of substrate structure – effect of the

reaction medium – Ambident nucleophiles – Ambident substrates – symphoria –

neighbouring group participation of n, & electrons – SNi mechanism –

nucleophilic substitution at an allylic and vinylic carbons.

Aliphatic electrophilic substitution – electrophilic substitution at a saturated

Carbon – SE1,SE2 & SEi mechanism.

b) Elimination :

-elimination, - elimination – E1,E2 and ElCB mechanisms – stereochemical

effect – effect of changes in the substrate, base, leaving group and medium on

E1,E2 and E1CB reactions – elimination vs substitution – pyrolytic cis

eliminations – Bredt’s rule.

Page 102 of 146

PG CHEM - 38

UNIT III (18 Hours)

Addition to multiple bonds and carbonyl compounds: Electrophilic,

nucleophilic and free radical additions – addition to conjugated systems –

orientation of the addendum -stereochemical factors in reactions like addition of

hydrogen, hydrogen halide, hypohalous acids , hydroboration and hydroxylation –

epoxidation –addition of carbenes and carbenoids to double and triple bonds.

Addition to , - unsaturated carbonyl groups – Michael addition – addition of

Grignard reagents to , - unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Diels – Alder

reaction . Addition to carbonyl groups – mechanism – Aldol condensation –

Perkin reaction – Knoevenagal reaction – Mannich reaction – Cannizaro reaction

– Benzoin condensation – Claisen Ester condensation – Darzen’s reaction –

Reformatsky reaction – Wittig reaction

UNIT IV (18 Hours)

a) Photochemistry:

Introduction-Laws of Photochemistry-comparison of Dark and photochemical

reactions-Fundamental concepts-photochemical processes- Jablonski diagram-

Quantum yield- energy transfer – sensitization-quenching - characteristics of

photochemical reactions -Phosphorescence– Fluorescence-photoreductions and

photo oxidation .

b) Photochemical Reactions: photo reactions of carbonyl compounds–Reactivity

of electronically excited ketones-Representation of excited states of ketones,

Norrish type- I, Norrish type -II reactions.-Reactivity of -*excited ketones-

photochemical reactions of cyclic ketones- ,-unsaturated

ketones.Photochemistry of olefins, Dimerisation reactions- photochemistry of

Butadiene- Barton reaction – Paterno Buchi reaction.

UNIT V (18 Hours)

Pericyclic reactions:

Pericyclic reactions –Introduction- conservation of molecular orbital symmetry-

symmetry properties of molecular orbitals- concerted reactions – orbital symmetry

and correlation diagram approach – Frontier Molecular orbital approach –

Woodward Hoffmann rule – electrocyclic reactions –Correlation diagram and

FMO method-stereo chemical modes of cycloaddition-suprafacial and antarafacial

processes-selection rules- sigmatropic rearrangements-FMO method-suprafacial

and antarafacial processes-analysis of sigmatropic rearrangements-applications of

PMO method to pericyclic reactions.

Text books :

UNIT – I :

1. Peter Sykes,(1984) ,Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry,

Orient Longman,VI Edition, Chapter XIII-.page No:345-370

2. Jerry March,(2007), Advanced Organic Chemistry, Wiley and Sons Pvt

Ltd,, IV Edition, Chapter V&VI ,.page No :165-174,186-204,214-

215,217-230.

3. H.Pine, J.B.Hendrickson, D.J. Cram and G.S. Hammond, (1980),Organic

Chemistry, McGraw Hill Kogakusha Ltd., Tokyo, IV Edition,

ChapterVIII-Page No :325-326

Page 103 of 146

PG CHEM - 39

4. R.T.Morrison and R.N.Boyd,(1995),Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, VI

Edition, ChapterII-Page No:51-53,ChapterXIII- 473-478.

UNIT II :

1. Jerry March,(2007), Advanced Organic chemistry, Wiley and Sons Pvt

Ltd,

IV Edition,Chapter X, Page No :326-330,335-360 ,365-369. Chapter XII,

Page No:569-577.

2. Gurdeep R. Chatwaal,(1993), Reaction Mechanism & Reagents in

Organic Chemistry., Himalaya Publishing House , New Delhi , IV Edition,

ChapterVIII - Page No:407-420, Chapter X-446-472.

UNIT III:

1. Gurdeep R. Chatwaal,(1993), Reaction Mechanism & Reagents inOrganic

Chemistry., Himalaya Publishing House , New Delhi , IV Edition,

ChapterVII -Page No :346-369, ChapterXV-593-598,607-623,

640- 642,644-649,654-661,670-680,691-696.

UNIT IV :

1. S.M.Mukherji and S.P.Singh, (1998) Reaction Mechanism in organic

Chemistry, (1998),Macmillan India Ltd,III Edition, ChapterXIII &XIV-

.page No:338-341.

2. M.G.Arora,(2004), Organic Photochemistry and Pericyclic reactions,

Anmol publications Pvt. Ltd.,New Delhi,I Edition, Page No:1-6, 9-14,30-

52,60-82,86-94,99-102.

UNIT V:

1. M.Mukherji and S.P.Singh, (1998) Reaction Mechanism in organic

Chemistry, (1998),Macmillan India Ltd,III Edition, ChapterXIII &XIV-

page No:361-372.

2. M.G.Arora,(2004), Organic Photochemistry and Pericyclic reactions,

Anmol publications Pvt. Ltd.,New Delhi,I Edition, Page No:103-124,

138-176.

Reference books :

1. Jerry March,(2007), Advanced Organic chemistry, Wiley and Sons Pvt Ltd,

IV Edition,Chapter X, page No :293-330 .

2. P.S.Kalsi , (2005),Organic Reaction Mechanism, Wiley Eastern Ltd,

II Edition,ChapterV-Page No:155-188 , ChapterXI-379-391.

3. C.H.Depuy and O.L.Chapman ,(1975), Molecular reactions and

photochemistry, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited,New Delhi ,I

Edition, ChapterIII-.page No:29-38 ,ChapterIV-44-63, ChapterVI-84-125.

Page 104 of 146

PG CHEM - 40


WOMEN, SIVAKASI.


M. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER III

14PCH32 – INORGANIC CHEMISTRY- III




No. of credits : 04

Objectives:


have an in depth study of bonding in co-ordination compounds and

their reaction mechanisms.

know about the spectral applications for the structural elucidation of

inorganic compounds.

to have an idea about nanochemistry

UNIT-I (18 Hours)

Coordination chemistry I

a) Crystal field theory- Introduction- crystal field effects - Octahedral symmetry-

crystal field stabilization energy-tetrahedral symmetry-tetragonal symmetry:

square planar complexes-factors affecting the magnitude of Δ - applications of

crystal field theory.

b) Molecular Orbital Theory: Introduction - octahedral complexes –tetrahedral

and square planar complexes - Tetragonal distortion from octahedral symmetry -

effect of Jahn Teller distortion-charge transfer spectra-magnetic properties of

complexes.

UNIT-II (18 Hours)

Coordination chemistry II

Substitution reactions in Octahedral complexes: Mechanism of substitution

in octahedral complexes – reaction rates influenced by acid and base. Mechanism

of redox reactions: Outer sphere mechanisms-inner sphere mechanisms.

Electronic spectra of complexes – Introduction- Orgel and Tanabe– Sugano

diagrams – calculation of 10Dq and B for Co (III) and Cr(III) complexes –Substitution reactions in square planar complexes : Introduction- trans-effect –

mechanism of nucleophilic substitution in square planar complexes-

thermodynamic and kinetic stability.

UNIT-III (18 Hours)

Application of IR, Raman and photoelectron spectroscopy

a) Application of IR and Raman Spectra: Application of IR and Raman spectra

the study of metal carbonyls and nitrosyls - geometrical and linkage isomerism -

detection of inter and intra molecular hydrogen bonding.

Page 105 of 146

PG CHEM - 41

b) Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Introduction-excitation and ejection of electrons- electron energy levels in

atoms and molecules –core level Photoelectron Spectroscopy-core level

photoionisation process- chemical shifts- valence electron Photoelectron

spectroscopy – Photoelectron spectroscopy of HBr , HCl ,HI, O2 and N2 –

Structural information from valence shell PES.

UNIT-IV (18 Hours)

Nano chemistry

a) Synthesis and properties of nano materials: Introduction Methods of

synthesis : chemical methods, thermolysis, pulsed laser methods.

Properties of individual nanoparticles : Introduction - metal nanoclusters-

magnetic clusters –bulk to nanotransition -semi conducting nanoparticles –

optical properties –photo fragmentation.

b)Carbon nanomaterial: Carbon nanotubes-fabrication-structure-electrical

properties-vibrational properties-applications of carbon nanotubes-fuel cells and

chemical sensors.

UNIT-V (18 Hours)

Inorganic Photochemistry

Elementary ideas on the photosystems I and II – photochemistry of Cr(III),

Co(III) and Ru(II) – coordination compounds – photoaquation – photoanation –

photoisomerisation – photo redox reactions – charge transfer photochemistry –

photosensitation – Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes in solar energy conversion

– photogalvanic cell - splitting of water to evolve hydrogen and oxygen –

photochemistry of Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes.

Reference books:

Unit I

1. J.E.Huheey, E.A.Keiter, R.L.Keiter and Okhil K Medhi (2007), Inorganic

Chemistry Principles of structure and Reactivity, Addition Wesley Publishing

company, IV edn., New York, Chapter: 11 Page No. 424- 452.

Unit II 1. J.E.Huheey, E.A.Keiter and R.L.Keiter, and Okhil K Medhi (2007), Inorganic

Chemistry – Principles of structure and Reactivity, Addition Wesley

Publishing company, IV edn., New York.Chapter: 17Page No: 542 –551,554-

563,565-568 Chapter:15 Page No : 461- 492.

Unit III

1. F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, (1988), Advanced Inorganic Chemistry - John

Wiley & sons, III edition. Chapter 22 – page: 683 – 697, 713 - 717

2. E.A.V.Ebsworth, D.W.H.Rankin and S.Gaddock, (1987), Structural methods

in Inorganic Chemistry, ELBS Black well Scientific publications, ELBS

edition. Chapter 6– Page No. 239-249, 253 – 262.

Unit IV 1. Charles P.Poole Jr. and Franck J.Owens, (reprint 2009), Introduction to

Nanotechnology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Canada,I edition,

Chapter 4 –Page No.72 to 101, Chapter 5- page114 to 129.

Unit V

1. W.Adamson, Paul.D.Fleischauer, (1975), Concepts of Inorganic

Photochemistry, A Wiley interscience publications.

Page 106 of 146

PG CHEM - 42




M.Sc. CHEMISTRY-SEMESTER III

14PCH33 – PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY -III




No. of credits : 04

Objectives:


have an idea of symmetries of molecules and to apply group theory

to spectroscopy and molecular problems.

get an insight into the principles of molecular spectroscopy

get a clear idea about various spectroscopic techniques and their

applications.

Unit I (18hours)

Group Theory:

a) Molecular symmetry elements and symmetry operations:

Introduction- symmetry elements and symmetry operations, Group postulates

and types of groups, multiplication table, subgroups and classes.

b) Point groups:

Point group classifications- Cn,Cnv, Cnh, Sn and Dnh point groups of molecules,

point groups of dihedral, tetrahedral, octahedral and linear molecules,

identification of the point groups of the molecules. Isomorphism.

c) Reducible and irreducible representations: Matrix representations of symmetry operations- rotations, reflection, improper

rotation, inversion and identity operation. Reducible and irreducible

representations- Great Orthogonality theorem, properties of irreducible

representations, Construction of character tables for point groups -C2v, C3 and C3v

group

UnitII (18hours)

Application of group theory to spectroscopy and molecular problems:

The relationship between reducible and irreducible representations - hybrid

orbitals for the sigma bonds in [PtCl4]- and CH4. Symmetry of normal modes of

vibration - representations for vibrational modes in H2O, NH3 and BF3.

Application of spectral selection rules for vibrational IR and Raman spectra,

mutual exclusion rule for molecules with centre of symmetry, selection rule for

electronic transitions in simple molecules (formaldehyde ).

Delocalisation energies of systems containing π – electrons- molecular orbital

theory, symmetry factoring of secular equations (tran-1,3-butadiene only),

delocalisation energies for cyclic π systems (benzene only) .

Page 107 of 146

PG CHEM - 43

UnitIII (18hours)

Molecular spectroscopy I:

a) Introduction- Introduction to regions of spectrum. Einstein’s absorption and

emission coefficient

b) Microwave Spectroscopy: The rotation of molecules-rotational spectra of

rigid diatomic molecules-the effect of isotopic substitution. Rotational

spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules linear molecules, symmetric and

asymmetric top molecules.

c) IR spectroscopy: Vibrational energy of diatomic molecules-simple harmonic

oscillator- anharmonic oscillator- spectra of diatomic vibrating rotator- vibrational

spectra of polyatomic molecules - definition of normal modes and normal co-

ordinates, overtones, combination and difference bands. Fermi resonance. Basic

concepts of FT – IR, advantages of FT-IR over dispersive measurements.

Unit – IV (18hours)

Molecular spectroscopy II

a) Raman spectroscopy: Quantum theory of Raman effect-classical theory of

Raman effect-Pure rotational Raman spectra - linear molecules, symmetric top

molecules, spherical top molecules- rule of mutual exclusion - vibrational Raman

spectra- rotational fine structure

b) Electronic spectroscopy: Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules – Born

Oppenheimer approximation - vibrational coarse structure-Franck-Condon

principle-dissociation energy and dissociation products- rotation fine structure of

electronic vibrational spectra, Fortrat diagram- dissociation and predissociation.

c) Photoelectron spectroscopy: Basic principles- X-ray and UV photoelectron

spectroscopies.

Unit–V (18hours)

Molecular spectroscopy III

a) H1NMR Spectroscopy –Spin and an applied field-the nature of spinning

particles-interaction between spin and a magnetic field-population of energy

levels-the Larmor precession- relaxation times- chemical shift, spin-spin

splitting- double resonance techniques- lanthanide shift reagents-NOE.

b) ESR Spectroscopy – Principle- positions of ESR absorption: g factor -

hyperfine splitting- zero field splitting in ESR.

c) NQR Spectroscopy- Principle of NQR spectroscopy-parameters of NQR-two

dimensional NQR spectroscopy.

Text Books:

Units I

1. V.Ramakrishnan and M.S.Gopinath,(2007),Group Theory In

Chemistry, Vishal Publications, II edition, New Delhi.

Chapter1-Page numbers: 1-13,

Chapter2- Page numbers : 14-27, 25-26

Chapter3- Page numbers: 47-56

Chapter4- Page numbers 57-62

Reference book 1. F.A.Cotton,( 2006), Chemical Applications Of Group Theory,John-

Wiley &Sons, Singapore, III edition.

Page 108 of 146

PG CHEM - 44

Unit II:

Text Books:

1. K.V.Raman,( XII Reprint 2004), Group Theory And Its Applications To

Chemistry, TataMcGraw- Hill Publishing company Ltd, New Delhi,.

Chapter5- Page numbers 69-70,74- 78

Chapter6- Page numbers: 79- 86

Chapter8- Page numbers: 104-105,109-114


Reference book: 1.F.A.Cotton,( 2006), Chemical Applications Of Group Theory-John-

Wiley &Sons, Singapore, III edition.

2.V.Ramakrishnan and M.S.Gopinath,( Reprint.2007), Group Theory In

Chemistry, Vishal Publications,New Delhi, II edition.

Unit III, IV and V:

Text Books:

1. C.N.Banwell and E.M.McCash,( 1996), Fundamentals Of Molecular

Spectroscopy, TataMcGraw Hill Publishing company Ltd, New Delhi, IV

edition.

Unit III


Chapter2-Page numbers: 31-51

Chapter3-Page numbers: 55-66, 71-82, 93-96

Unit IV:

Chapter4- Page numbers 100-116,

Chapter6- Page numbers 162-175,

Chapter6- Page numbers 194-197

Unit V

Chapter7- Page numbers: 199-208,215-228,232- 234, 245-250 and 253-255.

2. B.F.Straughan and Walker (eds),(1976), Spectroscopy Volume 1, 2

& 3 Chapman Hall

Unit V:.Page numbers: 175-183

Reference books: 1. PeterAtkins and Julio de Paula,( 2006) , Physical Chemistry, Oxford

University Press- VIII edition.

2. B.F.Straughan and Walker(1976), Spectroscopy Volume 1, 2 & 3

Chapman Hall

Page 109 of 146

PG CHEM - 45


WOMEN, SIVAKASI.


M. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER III

14PCH3L – PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL




No. of credits : 04

Objectives :


develop knowledge about quantitative estimations

get training in using conductivity bridge and potentiometer,

get an idea about sdsorption experiments..

know the application of UV-Visible spectrophotometer.

1. CONDUCTOMETRIC EXPERIMENTS

i) Acid base titrations:NH4Cl – NaOH – Mixture of acids

ii) Displacement titrations: NH4Cl - NaOH - mixture of HCl and

NH4Cl

iii) Precipitation Titrations: K2SO4 – BaCl2 – K2SO4

iv) Determination of solubility product.

v) Determination of dissociation constant of a weak acid (Acetic acid)

2.ADSORPTION STUDIES

vi) Adsorption of oxalic acid on charcoal

vii) Adsorption of acetic acid on charcoal

3. POTENTIOMETRIC EXPERIMENTS

a) Precipitation titrations:

viii) Silver nitrate Vs Halide mixture

xi) Silver nitrate Vs potassium chloride

b) Redox titrations:

x) Potassium permanganate Vs Potassium iodide

xi) Ceric ammonium sulphate Vs Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate.

xii) Potassiumdichromate Vs Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate

xii) Determination of solubility product

c) Determination of dissociation constant of a weak acid (Acetic Acid)

d) Determination of pH of buffer solutions.

3. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

xvi) Verification of Beer – Lambert’s law.

xvii) Determination of unknown concentration of given solutions.

xviii) Identification and interpretation of the spectra of some molecules.

Page 110 of 146

PG CHEM - 46

Reference:

J.N.Gurtu, R.Kapoor,(1980),Advanced Experimental Chemistry, S.Chand

and Company Ltd, IIedition.

S.No NATURE OF

WORK

NO.OFSESSIONS

ALLOTTED(30 session X 3

hours)

1 Demonstration 2

2 Regular

practical class

25

3 Revision

Exam

2

4 Model Exam 1

TOTAL

30

Page 111 of 146

PG CHEM - 47




M. Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER III

14PCH3E – ELECTIVE – MATERIALS SCIENCE.




No. of credits : 05

Objectives:


have an idea about materials science

know about recent topics like nanophase materials, biomaterials,

advanced ceramics, composites and nano materials.

Unit I Introduction and Properties of materials (18 hours)

Introduction- properties of materials- physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical,

chemical and optical properties. Selection criteria-operating parameters,

manufacturing process, functional requirements, cost consideration. Classification

of engineering materials.

UNIT II Conducting Materials (18 hours)

a) Semi conductors : Introduction – elemental semi conductors , compound semi

conductors ,oxide semi conductors .Chemical bonds and energy band diagram in

semiconductors like silicon and germanium –intrinsic semi conductors – extrinisic

semi conductors – n- type and p- type semiconductors– variation of electrical

conductivity with temperature in extrinsic semiconductors –determination of type

of semiconductor.

(b) Super conducting materials: Introduction – type I and type II super

conductors- high temperature super conductors - applications of superconductor–

SQUID, cryotron, and levitation.

Unit III Modern Engineering Materials –I (18 hours)

(a) Metallic glasses- Introduction – glass formation – melt spinning - structure –properties and applications of metallic glasses.

(b) Shape memory alloys(SMA) : Introduction – working of shape memory

alloys – examples – application of SMA- advantages and disadvantages.

(c) Polymers: Introduction – degree of polymerisation– mechanism of

polymerisation –additives to polymers.

Page 112 of 146

PG CHEM - 48

Unit IV Modern Engineering Materials II (18 hours)

(a) Biomaterials : Introduction – metals and alloys in biomaterials- ceramic

biomaterials – composite biomaterials – polymer biomaterials– biopolymers –

tissue grafts– soft tissue applications. Bio materials in ophthamology – dental

materials.

(b) Advanced ceramics: Processing of advanced ceramic materials- properties

and application of some advanced ceramic materials.

(c) Composite materials: Introduction –classification of composites based on

reinforcement–composite and conventional material – law of mixtures – matrix

and reinforcement.

Unit V Modern Engineering Materials III (18 hours)

(a) Nanophase Materials – Introduction – techniques for synthesis of nanophase

materials –sol-gel synthesis- electro deposition –inert gas condensation –

mechanical alloying – properties of nanophase materials- application of

nanophase materials.

(b) Carbon nanotube–Fabrication– arc method–pulsed laser deposition–chemical

vapour synthesis–structure–properties and applications.

Study material will be provided

Text Book :

1. Dr.S.Jeyakumar, (2002), Materials Science, R.K. Publishers, II Edition,

Reprint.

UNIT I & UNIT II

CHAPTER 2- b) 2.37-2.43(Page number 101-108)

CHAPTER 3- c) 3.1-3.5(Page number 124-128)

3.14-3.15 (Page number 140-141)

3.20(Page number 144-145)



UNIT III

CHAPTER 6- a)6.1-6.57(Page number 345-348)

b)6.6-6.11(Page number 350-357)

c)6.12-6.17(Page number 358-363)

UNIT IV

CHAPTER 6- a) 6.22-6.31(Page number 367-373)

b)6.37-6.40(Page number 383-389)

c)6.49-6.54(Page number 398-403)

UNIT V

CHAPTER 6- a) 6.32-6.36(Page number 374-380)

b) Materials will be provided.

Page 113 of 146

PG CHEM - 49

Reference Books : 1. Laurence H.Van Vlack, (1998 )Elements of Materials Science and Engineering,

Addision – Wesley Publishing Company VI Edition,.

2. Dr.V.Rajendran & Dr. A.Marikani ,(2004 )Materials Science, Tata Mc Graw

Hill Publishing Co.,limited, I Edition

3. T.Pradeep, (2008)NANO:The Essentials, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co.

limited,. I Edition

4. V.Raghavan,( 2005) Materials Science and Engineering, ,Prentice Hall India

Private Limited, New Delhi, V Edition.

4. K.G.Aswani, (2007),A Text Book of Materials Science, S.Chand &Company

Limited, Second Revised Edition,

Page 114 of 146

PG CHEM - 50


WOMEN, SIVAKASI.


M.Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER IV

14PCH41 – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - IV




No. of credits : 05

Objectives:


study about the chemistry of antibiotics.

know the chemistry of amino acids and proteins.

know the synthetic utility of reagents.

understand the principles of various synthetic methods.

study about the basic principles & applications of green chemistry.

UNIT-I (18 Hours)

a) Antibiotics:Introduction- Structure, stereochemistry & synthesis of penicillins,

streptomycin, cephalosporin-C, chloramphenical, tetracyclines-Aureomycin,

Terramycin,Patulin, macrolides, erythromycin, rifamycin & dactinomycin.

b) Aminoacids and proteins: Classification of proteins- peptides - structure of

peptides- synthesis of peptides- chemistry of glutathione and oxytocin – an

elementary treatment of enzymes, coenzymes and nucleic acids - biosynthesis

of aminoacids - RNA and protein synthesis- genetic code - DNA and

determination of the base sequence of DNA.

UNIT-II (18 Hours)

Synthetic reagents :

a) Oxidation reactions involing CrO3, SeO2, lead tetraacetate, Osmium

tetroxide, periodicacid,N-Bromosuccinimide,Phenyliodosoacetate,Hydrogen

peroxide&Oppenauer oxidation.

b) Catalytic hydrogenation – reactions involving lithium aluminium hydride,

triisobutoxy aluminium hydride, DIBAL and sodiumborohydride – Birch

reduction–Hydroboration ,Meerwein-Pondorf Verley reduction.

c) Reagents in organic synthesis: Gilman’s reagent, lithium dimethyl cuprate,

lithium diisopropylamide( LDA), dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, 1,3- dithiane,

trimethyl silyl iodide, tri-n-butyltinhydride, Woodward and prevost

hydroxylation, DDQ, Merrifield resin, phase transfer catalysis, Peterson’s

synthesis&Baker’s yeast .

Page 115 of 146

PG CHEM - 51

UNIT-III (18 Hours)

Synthetic methods: Planning a synthesis – relay approach and convergent

approach to total synthesis – Retrosynthetic analysis of simple organic compounds

–Functionalisation and interconversion of functional groups-– uses of activation

and blocking groups in synthesis – stereo selective problems of geometrical and

optical isomerism- steric crowding- transition metal complexes in organic

chemistry - homogeneous hydrogenations – Regioselectivity - Diastereoselectivity

– Enantioselectivity – Umpolung synthesis – Robinson annelation synthesis.

A schematic analysis of the total synthesis of : 2,4 – dimethyl –2 –hydroxypentanoic acid and trans-9- methyl- 1- decalone.

UNIT-IV (18 Hours)

Principles of Green Chemistry, Green Catalysts & Green reagents : a) Principles of Green Chemistry: The need for green chemistry-goals of green

chemistry- limitations-the progress of green chemistry - twelve principles of Green

Chemistry -prevention of Waste/by products-maximum incorporation of the

reactants into the final product-rearrangement reactions, addition reactions,

substitution reactions, elimination reactions-prevention(or) minimization of

hazardous products-designing safer chemicals-energy requirements for synthesis-

selection of appropriate solvent-selection of starting materials-use of protecting

groups-use of catalyst- biodegradable products--designing of manufacturing plants-

strengthening of analytical techniques.

b) Green reagents: Dimethyl carbonate,Polymer supported reagents.

c) Green Catalysts:Acid Catalysts, oxidation catalysts, Basic catalyst &Polymer

Supported Catalysts.

UNIT-V (18 Hours)

Phase Transfer Catalysis in Green Synthesis and Microwave Induced Green

Synthesis :

a) Introduction-Applications of Phase Transfer Catalysis in Organic Synthesis-

Oxidation using Hydrogen peroxide under PTC Condition-Crown ethers.

b) Planning a green synthesis in a laboratory-general interest for solvent free

processes-solvent free techniques-Microwave synthesis: Introduction and

characteristics of microwave heating-interaction of microwave radiation with

the material-difference between conventional heating and microwave

heating.Dielectric polarization-dipolar polarization-applications and

advantages of microwave heating over conventional heating.

Reference books:

UNIT I

1. I.L.Finar,(2007), Organic Chemistry, vol II , Pearson Education,V

Edition,Chapter 18, Page No-879-893,895-897,Chapter 13,Page No-672-

686,693-700,703-708,Chapter 16,Page No-835-838.

2. Gurdeep Chatwal ,(2001), Natural Products vol II, Himalaya publishing

house,III Edition,ChapterIII, Page No-311-316,

3. Gurdeep Chatwal ,(2001), Natural Products vol I, Himalaya publishing

house,III Edition, ChapterII, 239-245,250-254.

UNIT II 1. R.O.C. Norman,(1993), Organic Synthesis, Chapman and Hall, III Edition ,

Chapter XV,.Page No-498-505,569,Chapter 18,Page No-600-602,605.

Page 116 of 146

PG CHEM - 52

2. W.Carruthers,(2004), Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis ,

Cambridge University press,III Edition, Chapter VI,.Page No-343-348.

3. O.P. Agarwal ,(2008), Reactions &Reagents, Goel Publishing House,

43 rd Edition ,Chapter 20,Page No- 810,816,Chapter 21,Page No-853-

860,866-890,903-909,926-929 ,931-933.

4. P.S. Kalsi,(2005),Organic Reactions & their mechanisms,New Age

International Pvt LtdPublishers,New Delhi, II Edition,Chapter 7, Page No-

251-252, Chapter13,Page No-433-434, Chapter14, Page No-,486-

487,Chapter18 ,Page No-590-593,593-608,612-620.

UNIT I11 1. N R.E.Ireland,(1988), Organic Synthesis, Prentice- Hall of India pvt. Ltd,

ChapterII, I Edition,Page No-17-53,Chapter III,Page No-54-56,Chapter

IV,Page No-81-86.

2. R.T.Morrison and R.Boyd, (2005),Organic Chemistry, Prentice – Hall of

India, VI edition,Chapter IX,PageNo-363-365, Chapter 29,Page No-1078-

1087.

3. P.S. Kalsi,(2005),Organic Reactions & their mechanisms,New Age

International Pvt LtdPublishers,New Delhi, II Edition, Chapter7, Page No-

251-252.

4. K.Machie&M.Smith,(1985)Guidebook to Organic Synthesis,ELBS, Chapter

3,Page No-3-23,Chapter V,Page No-98-99,Chapter VII,Page No-132-

133,Chapter X,Page No-238-247.

Unit IV

1. V.Kumar,(2010), An Introduction to Green Chemistry,Vishal Publishing

CO.Jalandhar,I Edition,.ChapterI,Page No -1-9

2. V.K.Ahluwalia& M..Kidwai,New Trends in Green Chemistry, Anamaya

Publishers,New Delhi,I Edition,ChapterIII, Page No- 5-15

ChapterVI&VII,Page No-21-36.

3. A.K Ahluwalia,(2006) Green Chemistry(Environmentally Benign

Reactions),Aru Books India,New Delhi, I Edition, ChapterI Page No- 1-11

Unit V

1. R.Sanghi and M.M.Srivastava,(2003)Green Chemistry(Environmental Friendly

Alternatives),Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, I Edition, ChapterII, Page

No-55-70,73-91..

2. V.K.Ahluwalia& M..Kidwai,New Trends in Green Chemistry, Anamaya

Publishers,New Delhi,I Edition, ChapterVIII,Page No- 39-56, ChapterIX,Page

No-59-71.

3. Dr.K.R.Desai, Green Chemistry, Microwave Synthesis,Himalaya Publishing

House, Delhi, I Edition, Chapter I, Page No-1-10, Chapter II, Page NO-11-31,

Chapter V, Page No.76-85.

Reference Book

Jerry March,(2007), Advanced Organic chemistry, Wiley and Sons Pvt Ltd,

IV Edition,

Page 117 of 146

PG CHEM - 53


WOMEN, SIVAKASI.


M. SC. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER III

14PCH42 – INORGANIC CHEMISTRY- IV




No. of credits : 05

Objectives:


have an understanding of role of inorganic metal complexes in living

systems.

know about the spectral applications for the structural elucidation of

inorganic compounds.

gain knowledge regarding organ metallic catalysts.

UNIT-I

(18 Hours)

The Inorganic chemistry of Biological systems

Introduction-energy sources for life - metalloporphyrins and

respiration.

a) Dioxygen binding ,transport and utilization :The interaction between heme and

dioxygen –structure and function of hemoglobin- other biological dioxygen

carriers-

b) Electron transfer, respiration: Ferredoxins and Rubredoxins –blue copper

proteins –Chlorophyll and the photosynthetic reaction centre .

c) Enzymes: Structure and function of carboxypeptidase A,carbonic

anhydrase,xanthine oxidase,aldehyde oxidase,vitamin B12 and B12 coenzymes -

nitrogen fixation.

d) Medicinal chemistry: Antibiotics and related compounds-chelate therapy-

anticancer drugs –cis-platin.

UNIT-II

(18 Hours)

Inorganic chains rings,cages and cluster compounds:

a) Inorganic chains: Introduction- chains catenation – heterocatenation.

b) Intercalation Chemistry- one dimensional conductors.

c) Inorganic rings: Preparation, properties of borazines, Phosphazenes.

d) Inorganic cages: Phosphorus cage compounds.-boron cage compounds. .

e) Metal clusters:Binuclear cluster – trinuclear clusters – tetra nuclear clusters –

hexa nuclear clusters – polyatomic zintl anions and cations – chevrel phases.

Page 118 of 146

PG CHEM - 54

UNIT-III (18 Hours)

Application of NMR and NQR spectroscopy

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Introduction.

a) Application of spin-spin splitting & coupling constants in the structural

elucidation of inorganic compounds : P31

NMR spectra of P4S3,H3PO3,,

H3PO2,,HPF2.,HP2O53-

. F

19 NMR spectra of ClF3, BrF3.

NMR of chemical exchange on spectra and the evolution of reaction rates for fast

reactions.

b) Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy: Introduction- The

interpretation of e2Qq data .

c) Structural information from NQR spectra : Bromine NQR

spectrum of K2SeBr6 – study of structure of solid BrCN – structure of

PCl5 – Tellurium tetrachloride .

UNIT-IV (18 Hours)

Application of ESR and Mossbauer Spectroscopy in the study of

Inorganic compounds

Electron spin resonance spectroscopy : Introduction-presentation of the

spectrum - hyperfine splitting in some simple systems-factors affecting the

magnitude of g- values-zero field splitting and kramers’ degeneracy.

a) Hyperfine splitting in isotropic systems involving more than one nucleus: ESR

spectrum of methyl radical , benzene radical anion, pyrazine radical anion , [BH3. ]

-

b) ESR spectrum of anisotropic systems : ESR spectrum of Lithium

Carbonate,[(NH3)5Co-O-O-Co(NH3)5]5+

and bis-salicylaldimine Copper(II).

c) Mossbauer Spectroscopy : Introduction - Mossbauer spectral study of tin and

iron compounds- structural detections for I2Br2Cl4- detecting chlorides and

fluorides in xenon.

UNIT-V (18 Hours)

a) Organo metallic chemistry – reactivity and catalysis

Introduction - oxidative addition and reductive elimination – insertion and

elimination.

b) Catalysis by Organometallic compounds: Alkene hydrogenation - Tolman

catalytic loops- synthesis gas- hydroformylation , Monsanto acetic acid process

,Wacker process-synthetic Gasoline-Ziegler-Natta Catalysis.

Reference Books:

Unit I

1. J.E.Huheey, E.A.Keiter and R.L.Keiter, and Okhil K Medhi (2007), Inorganic

Chemistry – Principles of Structure and Reactivity, Addition Wesley Publishing

company, IV edn., New York.

Chapter: 20. Page No: 663 to 693, 698-702.

Page 119 of 146

PG CHEM - 55

Unit II

1. J.E.Huheey, E.A.Keiter and R.L.Keiter, and Okhil K Medhi (2007),

Inorganic Chemistry – Principles of Structure and Reactivity,

Addition Wesley Publishing company, IV edn., New York.

Chapter: 11. Page No: 292 – 295, 302 – 318, 322 – 324,336-338.

Chapter: 13, Page No: 395 – 404.

Unit III:

1. R.S.Drago, Physical Methods in Inorganic chemistry, An east-west

edition Litton educational publishing, Inc

Chapter 8 page 260-279, 298-303.

Page 457-460.

page No.281-290.

2. E.A.V Ebsworth David W.H.Rankin Stephan Cradock, Structural

Methods in Inorganic Chemistry, (1987), English Language Book

Society/Blackwell Scientific Publications.

Chapter: 3, Page No: 121-124.

Unit IV:

1. R.S.Drago, Physical Methods in Inorganic Chemistry East west

edition

Chapter 10 page No.328-332,338-345.

Chapter 9 Page 324-329.

Chapter: 11 .Page no: 365-372.

2. E.A.V Ebsworth David W.H.Rankin Stephan Cradock, (1987),

Methods in Inorganic Chemistry, English Language Book

Society/Blackwell Scientific Publications.

Chapter: 3, Page No:107-112.

Chapter: 7, Page No: 284-286,297-299.

Unit V:

1. J.E.Huheey, E.A.Keiter and R.L.Keiter, and Okhil K Medhi (2007),

Inorganic Chemistry – Principles of structure and Reactivity,

Addition Wesley Publishing company, IV edn., New York.

Chapter: 19, Page No: 637-644, 649-662.

Page 120 of 146

PG CHEM - 56


WOMEN, SIVAKASI.


M.Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER IV

14PCH43 – PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-IV




No. of credits : 04

Objectives:


get themselves exposed to kinetics and mechanism

be familiar with the concepts of enzyme kinetics

understand the fundamental concepts of photochemistry

derive advance knowledge on surface phenomena.

impart knowledge of characterization techniques of nano

compounds. .

UNIT-I (18 Hours)

Kinetic theory of collisions, conventional transition state (CTST) and its

applications to atoms and molecules, thermodyanamic formulation of CTST,

assumptions and limitations of CTST- potential energy surface. Chain reaction –study of kinetics of chain reaction - decomposition of acetaldehyde-hydrogen-

oxygen reaction. Unimolecular reactions –Lindemann hypothesis, Hinshelwood,

RRK and RRKM treatment. Reactions between ions-influence of solvent

dielectric constant, ionic strength (Bronsted-Bejrrrum equation)

UNIT-II (18 Hours)

a) Techniques of fast reactions - Stopped flow method, relaxation methods,

shock tube method, flash photolysis. Radiation Chemistry-radiation chemical

primary processes, pulse radiolysis, hydrated electrons

b) Fast reaction techniques – chemical relaxation methods-basic principle,

kinetic derivation for 1/ τ for one step transformation. Temperature and pressure jump methods-Principle, factors affecting τc and experimental set up. Ultrasonic

relaxation methods-principle of stationary methods- experimental approach for the

evaluation of τ and amplitude. Reactions in flow systems- advantages and

disadvantages of flow methods, Stopped flow method, kinetics of reactions in

stirred flow reactor, Hammet equation.

c) Polymer kinetics– molecular mechanisms-Free radical mechanism-cationic

polymerization-anionic polymerization-emulsion polymerization.

d) Enzyme kinetics – Michaelis Menton kinetics-Line-weaver and Burk plot-

Eadies plot,influence of pH and temperature-Transient-phase kinetics.

Page 121 of 146

PG CHEM - 57

UNIT-III (18 Hours)

Photochemistry

Physical properties of the electronically excited molecules – excited state

dipole moments, pKa and redox potentials; photo physical processes in

electronically excited molecules – fluorescence and phosphorescence; Stern-

Volmer equation and its applications, electronic energy transfer mechanism,

photosensitisation and chemiluminescence. Experimental techniques in

photochemistry – chemical actinometry, flash photolysis technique and

fluorescence quenching method, study of photochemical reactions like H2–X2,

decomposition of carbonyl compounds. Elementary aspects of photosynthesis-

solar energy conversion.

UNIT-IV (18 Hours)

Solids and surface phenomena: Solids - band theory of conductors,

insulators and semiconductors- superconductivity- high temperature

superconductivity – low temperature superconductivity -imperfection in a crystal-

point defects- Schottky and Frenkel defects-metal excess defect-color centers-

metal deficiency defects-line defects- dislocation in solids-edge and screw

dislocations. Adsorption-Langmuir adsorption isotherm-kinetic and statistical

thermodynamic derivation-lateral interaction-experimental application- BET

adsorption isotherms-derivation, properties and modification of BET –

measurement of surface area. Electrical aspects of surface chemistry-

electroosmosis and electrophoresis.

UNIT-V (18 Hours)

Instrumentation in nano chemistry: Methods of measuring properties-

introduction, crystallography- XRD - particle size determination by Diffused

Light Scattering-surface structure. Microscopic techniques -TEM, STM, SEM,

and AFM .

Text Book:

Unit I

1. Laidler K.J, (2007),Chemical Kinetics, TataMcGraw- Hill Publishing

company Ltd, New Delhi,II edition.

Page numbers: 81-83,112-115,106-112,288-290,323-328,319-321,150- 167,

197-201,191- 194.

Reference Books: 1. J.Rajaram and J.C.KuriaKose,(1993) Kinetics And Mechanism Of Chemical

Transformations, Macmillan India Ltd,Reprint,2007.

2. C.Kalidas,( 2005) Chemical Kinetic Methods, New Age International(P)Ltd

Publishers,Chennai, IIedition.

Unit II

Text Book:

1. Laidler K.J, (2007),Chemical Kinetics, TataMcGraw- Hill Publishing company

Ltd, New Delhi, III edition

Chapter 4. Page No. 33-39

Chaapter 8. Page No.330-340



Page 122 of 146

PG CHEM - 58

2. C.Kalidas,( 2005)Chemical Kinetic Methods, New Age International(P)Ltd

Publishers,Chennai,IIedition.

Page numbers: 24-32,116-118,158-163,210-212,220-223, 13-18

Reference Book:

1.J.Rajaram and J.C.KuriaKose,( 1993), Kinetics And Mechanism of Chemical

Transformations, Macmillan India Ltd, Reprint,2007.

Unit –III

Text Books:

1. K.K.Rohatgi Mukherjee,( Reprint 2000), Fundamentals Of Photochemistry,

New Age International(P)Ltd, Publishers,Chennai.

Page numbers: 103-113,126-129,137-147,171-175,280-285,290-297,

314-316,300-302

2. C.Kalidas, (2005) Chemical Kinetic Methods, New Age International (P) Ltd

Publishers,Chennai,IIedition.

Page numbers:314-319

Reference Book:

1. N.J.Turro,(1967), Modern Molecular Photochemistry, Benjamin

Cummings,IIprint.

Unit – IV

Text Books:

1. A.W.Adamson,( 1997), Physical Chemistry Of Surfaces, John Wiley & Sons,

NewYork, IV Edition.

Page numbers: 209-212,523-525,548-557,561-563,565-571

2. B.R.Puri,l.R.Sharma,Madan S.Pathania, (2012)“Principles Of Physical

Chemistry”,Vishal Publishing Co,New Delhi.46th

Edition.

Page numbers: 1197-1209

Reference Book: 1. A.K.Chethan & P.Day,( 1993), Solid State Chemistry Of Compounds –

Oxford Science Publications

Unit V:

Text Book:

1. C.P. Poole and F.J. Owens,( Reprint 2008) “Introduction To Nano

Technology, Willey Student Edition.

Page numbers: 35-58

2. T. Pradeep, (2011), “Nano, The essentials”, Tata Mc Graw-Hill publication.

Page numbers: 44-47, 74-75

Reference Book: 1. C.C. Kotch,(2002), Nano Structured Materials: Processing, Properties and

Potential Applications, Noyes Publications (Willium Andrew Publishers:

Norwhich,NewYork).

Page 123 of 146

PG CHEM - 59


WOMEN, SIVAKASI.


M.Sc. CHEMISTRY-SEMESTER IV

14PCH4E1 –ELECTIVE -BIOCHEMISTRY




No. of credits : 05

Objectives:

To enable the students to give an exposure about intermediary metabolism.

be familiar with different types of enzymes and their activities.

give brief view about the structure of amino acids.

impart knowledge about the chemistry of supramolecules.

know about the biological importance of lipids.

UNIT-I (18 Hours)

Amino acids and proteins

a) Amino acids-General structure of amino acids- physical and electrochemical

properties. Peptides - peptide bond- representation of peptide chain-naming of

peptide chain-determination of the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide-

biological role.

b) Proteins-Importance – classification based on shape of protein molecule and

biological function- denaturation and renaturation –color reactions of amino acids.

UNIT-II (18 Hours)

Enzymes

Nomenclature and classification - characteristics of enzymes –catalytic

nature and colloidal nature of enzymes. Mechanism of enzyme action - active

sites, Fischer’s lock and key model and Koshland induced fit model-enzyme

activators. Enzyme inhibition- competitive, non- competitive and allosteric

inhibition. Mechanism of action of the enzyme chymotrypsin.

UNIT-III (18 Hours)

Metabolism

Definition and terminology of metabolism -TCA cycle- glycolysis –

gluconeogenesis - oxidative phosphorylation -pentose phosphate shunt and urea

cycle.

UNIT-IV (18 Hours)

Lipids

Definition, classification based on chemical composition: simple lipids-

fats and oils-physical properties and chemical properties - saponification,

hydrolytic and oxidative rancidity, hydrogenation and acrolein test – quantitative

tests-importance and biological role of lipids.

Page 124 of 146

PG CHEM - 60

UNIT-V (18 Hours)

Supramolecular Chemistry

Biomimetic Chemistry- cyclodextrins and calixarene as enzyme models –

supramolecular chemistry – non covalent interaction & molecular recognition-

supramolecular reactivity and catalysis.

Reference books:

1. J.L.Jain, Sanjay Jain & Nitin Jain, (Reprint, 2008) “Fundamentals Of

Biochemistry”, S.Chand &company Ltd.

2. J.L.Jain,(1983 ),“Fundamentamentals Of Biochemistry”, S.Chand

&Company ltd, II Edition.


Page 125 of 146

PG CHEM - 61


WOMEN, SIVAKASI.


M.Sc. CHEMISTRY

SEMESTER IV

14PCH4E2- ELECTIVE -BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION




No. of credits : 05

Objectives:


know about the modern medical equipments in the Hospitals and

Research Institutes

know about the recent advances in biomedical instrumentation.

understand the design and functioning of various medical

equipments.

Unit I (18 hours)

Introduction to Biomedical Instumentation & Biopotential Electrodes:

(a) Biomedical Instumentation

Introduction - resting potential – measurement of resting potential – action

potential and propagation of action potential.

(b) Biopotential Electrodes:

i) Introduction- types of electrodes – half cell potential – microelectrodes –

depth and needle electrodes.

ii) surface electrodes: metal plate surface electrodes, suction cup electrode,

adhesive tape electrodes, multipoint electrodes, floating electrodes.

iii) chemical electrodes: hydrogen electrode, Ag-AgCl electrode, Calomel

electrode, pH measurement, pO2 electrode, pCO2 electrode.

Unit II (18 hours)

Biomedical recorders

Introduction – Electrocardiography - ECG lead system – ECG

instrumentation –

Electro encephalography: instrumentation – EEG electrode system -

Electromyography - measurement of nerve conduction velocity –

Electroretinography – Electroculography – Phonocardiography – Holter

monitoring.

Unit III (18 hours)

Imaging Equipments

(a) Computed Tomography: Introduction – instrumentation – CT scanning

system – image reconstruction.

(b) Ultrasonic Imaging: Introduction – reflection – scattering – A-Mode display

– B-Mode display – T-M-Mode display – instrumentation – biomedical

applications.

(C) Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Principle – instrumentation – advantages of

MRI over other medical imaging techniques – MRI magnet – RF transmitter

system – RF detection system – gradient system – imager system.

Page 126 of 146

PG CHEM - 62

Unit IV (18 hours)

Nuclear Medicine Imaging and Special technique

(a) Introduction – applications – list of radioisotopes used in medicine – Gamma

Camera – computerized multicrystal Gamma Camera – operation of CMGC –

Pulse height analyser - Positron Emission Tomography (PET) - Single photon

emission computed Tomography.

(b) Angiography: Introduction – technique – uses.

(c) Fluoroscopy: Introduction – equipment – uses.

Unit V (18 hours)

Physiological assist devices

(a) Defibrillators: Introduction – types of Defibrillators: AC Defibrillator -

capacitive discharge DC Defibrillators – Delay-line capacitive discharge - DC

Defibrillator – square wave Defibrillator – DC Defibrillator with synchronizer

circuit.

(b) Pacemaker: Introduction – electrode system, parts, types – external

pacemaker – internal pacemaker - types of pacemakers based on operation:

Ventricular asynchronous pacemaker, Ventricular synchronous pacemaker,

Ventricular inhibited pacemaker, Atrial synchronous pacemaker, Atrial sequencial

ventricular inhibited pacemaker.

(c) Heart-Lung machine

(d) Ventilators: Introduction – types of ventilators – working of ventilators.

(e) Dialysis: Introduction – principle – types of dialysis: hemo dialysis, peritoneal

dialysis.

(f) Electrical safety in biomedical equipments.

Text book

Unit I

T. Rajalakshmi (2008) Biomedical Instrumentation, Sams publishers,

Chennai I edition. Page No – 1.1, 1.6-1.9, 4.1-4.23.

Unit II


Chennai I edition, Page No. 5.1-5.24

Unit III


Chennai I edition, Page No. 6.7-6.30.

Unit IV


Chennai I edition, Page No. 7.1-7.18. Angiography and Fluoroscopy – Study

material will be provided.

Unit V


Chennai I edition, Page No. 9.23-9.27, 9.29-9.35, 9.40-9.50.

Reference books

1. Leslie Cromwell, Fred J. Weibell, Erich A. Pfeiffer,

Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements (2003), Pearson Education, II

edition.

2. Dr. M. Arumugam, Biomedical Instrumentation (2002), Anuradha agencies, I

edition fifth reprint.

Page 127 of 146

M.Phil Programme

Page 128 of 146

THE STANDARD FIREWORKS RAJARATNAM COLLEGE FOR WOMEN(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University,

Reaccredited with A Grade by NAAC andCollege with Potential for Excellence by UGC)

SIVAKASI – 626 123DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

M.Phil. DEGREE PROGRAMME IN CHEMISTRYRULES AND REGULATIONS, PROGRAMME SCHEME AND SCHEME OF

EVALUTION GOVERNING THE M.Phil. DEGREE PROGRAMME INCHEMISTRY

I. Programme objectives:1. To develop the research culture among the chemistry major students.2. To assist the students in job opportunities.3. To direct them in publishing research papers in various journals.4. To guide them in participating in Research Seminars.5. To move towards the goal of the department to become a Research

centre in future.6. To motivate the chemistry major students to become Research scholars.

II Eligibility condition for admissionThe minimum qualification for admission to this programme will be 60%marks in M.Sc. Degree examination.

III

IV

Duration of the Programme:The duration of the programme is one academic year. Each academic yearconsists of two semesters. The duration of a semester is 90 working days.Attendance:The rules regarding the attendance for regular classes for the candidates toappear for the summative examinations are framed as given below.a) Each student must put in a minimum attendance of 68 days ( 75 %

of 90 days per semester) so as to become eligible to appear for thesummative examinations.

Shortage of Attendance:b) Those students with attendance of 68 days and less but 59 days and

above. (65 %) can be permitted to appear for the summativeexaminations provided they should submit the condonation certificate tothe principal stating the proper reasons for their absence, within fivedays after the last working days of the concerned class. The certificatemay be obtained from the office on payment of as per Madurai KamarajUniversity.

M.Phil Chem 1Page 129 of 146

c) In case of attendance with 58 days and less but 45 days and (50%)above, the students cannot appear for the final examinations of thatsemester but can appear for the next examinations by obtainingspecial permission from the principal providing necessary documentssupporting the reasons for the absence on payment of Rs.250/-.

d) Students with attendance of 44 days and less should repeat the wholesemester .

V Evaluation Procedure:Evaluation of each Theory Course will be 25 % Continuous InternalAssessment (CIA) and 75 % External examinations. Evaluation ofProject will be 100 % external examinations. A mark statementwill be issued to every student at the end of every semester.

VI Passing minimumFor a pass in each course, a student should secure a minimum of

45%marks in the external examinations and a minimum of 50% marks in aggregate(i.e., internal and external marks put together). The samerule is applicable for dissertation / project report and viva voce.VII Eligibility condition for getting the degree

A candidate undergoing the M.Phil. degree programme will beeligible for the award of M.Phil. degree in chemistry if she completes the entireprogramme and passes all the course prescribed for the programme.VIII Classification of successful candidates

The successful candidates will be classified as per the details given inthe table below.

Classification ofCGPA GRADE Final Result9.500 – 10.0009.000 - 9.4998.500 - 8.999

8.000 - 8.4997.500 - 7.9997.000 - 7.4996.500 - 6.9996.000 - 6.4995.500 - 5.9995.000 - 5.4990.000 - 4.999

O+O

D++D+D

A++A+A

B+B

First Class

Second Class

Re-appearUIX Awards of Ranks:

CUMULATIVE GRADE POINT AVERAGE (CGPA) = C Gii i

Ci i

CGPA= Sum of the multiplication of grade points by the respective credits of the course cleared in the entire programmeSum of the credits of all the courses cleared in the programme


Ci - Credits earned for course i in any semester.Gi - Grade point obtained for course i in any semester.I - Summation of all courses cleared in a semesters.

X. Other provisions.1. Those who are absent for the exam should be marked AA on the Mark sheet.2. If there is a charge of malpractice by a student she should be sent out from theExam Hall and given chance only during the following semester.3. The Courses she has already appeared during that semester will not beconsidered.4. A student can appear for any number of arrear courses.5. Repeat examinations will be conducted for the final semester paper within amonth after the publication of final semester result6. Revaluation is permitted.


DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRYM.Phil. DEGREE PROGRAMME IN CHEMISTRY

Details of the courses under the M.Phil. ProgrammeDuration Marks allottedTeaching

hoursper week

ofSem

Coursecode

No. ofcreditsTitle summative

examhours

Int. Ext. Tot.

I ResearchMethodology14MCH11 6

6-

33-

2525

75 10075 100

100

993

Course Work14MCH1214MCH1V Subject

viva - voceOptional paper I

– AdvancedOrganic14MCH2A

14MCH2B

ChemistryII Optional paper II

– AdvancedInorganic 6 3 25 75 100 9Chemistry

Optional paperIII – Advanced

Physical14MCH2C

14MCH2DChemistry

Dissertation 6

-

- -- 100 100 10

-- 100 100600 45

14MCH2V Viva-voceTotal

--- 5

Allotment of hours ( per week ) for M.Phil. Degree ProgrammeSemester

CoreI

12-

II6

Total18Theory

DissertationTotal

612

62412


QUESTION PATTERN FOR SUMMATIVE EXAMINATIONS

Max. Marks: 75 Time : 3hrsSECTION A ( 5 x 6 = 30marks)

Five questions, one from each unit with internal choice. Each questionshould be answered not exceeding three pages.

SECTION B ( 3 x 15 = 45marks)

Three out of five questions open choice one from each unit. Each questionshould be answered not exceeding six pages.

Section Questions Marks615

Total3045

AB

53

Total 75


(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University,Reaccredited with A Grade by NAAC andCollege with Potential for Excellence by UGC


M.Phil. CHEMISTRY - SEMESTER - IRESEARCH METHODOLOGY – 14MCH11

Contact Hours per week: 06Total Hours per semester: 90No. of Credits : 09

Objectives:To enable the students to

i) study the basic concepts of literature search and understand the erroranalysis.

ii)iii)iv)

know the basic concepts of C language and apply them to solve simplechemistry problems.understand the principles of reaction mechanism, concept of linear freeenergy relationships.acquire an idea about various electro and spectro analytical techniques

Unit I – Literature SearchSearching the chemical literature, primary sources – journals and patents,

secondary sources – Beilstein, reviews, periodicals – serials – monograph and textbooks – dictionaries, encyclopedias, catalogues and index of tabulated data, location ofdata, location of published and comprehensive account of research with specialreference to physical, organic and inorganic chemistry – use of computer in literaturesearch, significance of chemdraw – drawing chemical structure – paste them in the text.

Inductive and deductive reasoning – role of experimentation – interpretation ofresults- formation – testing and rejection of hypothesis – logic of scientific discovery.Unit II – Error in Chemical analysis and statistics:

Classification of errors – accuracy – precision – minimization of errors – mean– standard deviation – Normal or Gaussion distribution – Reliability of results –confidence interval – comparison results – student’s t-test, F-test, paired t-test -correlation and regression – the least squares method for deriving calibration plots likestraight line – power curve – exponential curve – second degree parabola – generalmethods used, standard addition, universal standard method- problems in these methodsusing least square fitting – quality assurance and control charts.Unit III – Computers in Chemistry

Data types: int, short, long int, float, double and long double; variable andscope. Global automatic register and static operators: assignment, caching procedureand associatively: program selection : if-else logical operators – ternary operator switch

M.Phil Chem 6

THE STANDARD FIREWORKS RAJARATHINAM COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

Page 134 of 146

statement : Repetition: while, do-while and for loops , goto statement; functions, voidReturn statement, invoking functions, passing arguments – protyping.

Array: single dimensional arrays, accessing arrays, initializing and copyingarrays – array as function arguments – multidimensional arrays.

Simple C programming applications in chemistry such as vanderwalls equation,pH titration, kinetics, radioactive decay, evaluation of lattice energy and ionic radiifrom experimental data.Unit IV – Reaction Mechanism

Methods of determining reaction mechanism – kinetic and non kinetic methods– study of fast reactions – relaxation methods – flow techniques – flash photolysis –magnetic resonance methods for kinetic studies – reactions of radicals, electron transferreactions – mechanism of oxidation reactions involving metal ions and proxy anions –Michaelis -Menton Kinetics – micellar catalysis – homogeneous catalysis: essentialstep in catalytic cycles involving transition metal complexes – properties of metals andligands in homogeneous catalysis – selectivity in homogenous catalysis.

An introduction of linear free energy relationships. The Hammett equation – thequality of substituent and rejection constants and Yukawa – Tsuno equation. Thegeneral validity of the Hammett equation – deviation from the Hammett equation in itsvarious forms – non linear Hammett plots – reactivity – selectivity principles.Unit V – Instrumental Method of Analysis

Basic instrumentation of IR, UV, NMR and ESR spectrophotometers – NMRspectroscopy – proton and C fluxional NMR 2-dimensional NMR uses of shift13 – – –reagents.

ESR spectroscopy – hyperfine splitting – factors affecting g value – anisotropyof g and A tensors – zero field splitting – Krammer’s degeneracy – EPR spectra ofvanadium (III) Nickel (II) and Cu (II) complexes. Jahn Teller distortion in Cu(II)complexes. Evaluation of bonding parameters.

Instrumentation, principles and application of Cyclic Voltammetry.Combined applications of Mass, UV – Vis, IR and NMR leading to structural

elucidation of simple organic compounds.Self Study:

Software packages: 1.ACDChemSketch 2.Argus Lab Separate training will be provided to the students under the guidance of Course

TeacherReferences:Unit I

1. Jerry March (2007), Advanced Organic chemistry – Wiley and sons pvt.ltd.,IV edition.

2. Internet resources.Unit II


1. 1.G.H.Jeffery,J.Bassett,J.Mendham,R.C.Denny,(1997), Vogels Textbook ofQuantitative Chemical Analysis , ELBS with Longmann,V edition

2. D.A. Skoog. D.M. West & F.J. Holler (2005) , Fundamentals of AnalyticalChemistry, Saunders college publishing, New York ,VIII Edn.,

Unit III1. K.V. Raman (1993),Computers in Chemistry, Tata McGraw – Hill

Publishing Co. Ltd.New delhi2. E. Balagurusamy (1998), Programming in ANSI – C, Tata McGraw -

Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.New Delhi II edition.Unit IV

1. Jerry March(2007), Advanced Organic chemistry – Wiley and sons pvt.ltd.,IV edition

2. P.Sykes,(1984) ,Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, OrientLongman,VI Edition,

3. E.S. Gould,Structure and mechanism in organic chemistry.4. Frost and Pearson, Chemical kinetics.5. R.D. canon, Butterworth, Electron transfer reactions.6. S.L.Fuess, E.S. Lewis and A. Weissberger.Invention of Rate and mechanism

of reations : Part I, II edition.7. Laidler K.J, (2007), Chemical Kinetics, TataMcGraw- Hill Publishing

company Ltd, New Delhi,III Edition.8. Bradley ,Fast reaction.9. N.B. chapman and J. Shorter, Advances in Linear Free Energy

Relationships.10. J.Shorter ,Correlation analysis in organic chemistry: An introduction to

LFER.11. N.B. Chapman & J.Shorter ,Correlation analysis in organic Chemistry:.

Unit V1. H.V. Malmstadt, C.G. Enkes and S.R. Crouch, instrumentation for scientists

series modulas 1-4 Benhamin Inc.2. DouglasA.Skoog, Donald M.West,F.James (2005)Fundamentals of

Analytical Chemistry,Thomson Brooks/Cole,VIII edition3. J.W. Akitt ,NMR and Chemistry II edition.4. K.Mullie and P.S. Pregosin, Fourier Transform NMR techniques: A

practical approach5. P.B. Berington, Data reduction and Error analysis for physical sciences, ,

McGraw - Hill book company.6. W.Kemp, (2008) Organic Spectroscopy , Palgrave publishers limited,IIIedition7. R.M.Silvestein,G.C.Basler & T.C.Morrill (199l), “Spectroscopic

Identification of Organic compounds ,V edition,John Wiley and sons.8.P.Kalsi, (2001) Spectroscopy of Organic compounds,New Age

International (p) Ltd, IV edition .9. R.S.Drago, (1977), Physical Methods in Chemistry, .B.Saunders

Company.10. Jag Mohan (2007),Organic Spectroscopy , Principles and

applications, Narosa Publishing House Pvt.Ltd, II edition.


(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University,Reaccredited with A Grade by NAAC &

College with Potential for Excellence by UGC)SIVAKASI – 626 123

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRYM.Phil. CHEMISTRY – SEMESTER - I

COURSE WORK – 14MCH12Contact Hours per week : 06Total Hours per semester: 90No. of Credits : 09

Objectives:To enable the students to

i) understand the applications of various organic metallic reagentin synthesis .

ii) apply group theory to spectroscopy and molecular problems.have an understanding of bio - inorganic chemistryknow about fundamentals of medicinal chemistry.get themselves exposed to nano chemistry & photo chemistry.

iii)iv)v)

Unit I – Organic Synthesis and Organometallic reagents in synthesis.Types of (Carbon to carbon bond forming) reactions – Key

intermediates – starting materials – Sandheimer synthesis – Stork approach. Use ofretrosynthetic analysis for the synthesis of simple cyclic molecules – Gabriel synthesis.A Schematic analysis of the total synthesis of γ- caprolactone, 6-methyl tryptamine,6,6-ethylenedioxy -1(9)octalin-2-one, α-onocerin and quinotoxine. Organo copperreagents –vinyl Grignard reagents – carboalumination – nucleophilic addition ofalenylanes and alkenylalanates to carbonyl compounds - ortholithiation – use offomamidines – lithiated dithianes and nitroalkanes in synthesis.Unit II Group Theory:

Projection operators – symmetry adopted linear combination (SALC) –construction of MO wave functions for allyl, butadiene, cyclopropenyl, benzene andtetramethylcyclobutane – calculation of delocalization energies – construction of hybridorbitals for molecules having tetrahedral, trigonal triangular and square planar2geometry (sp , sp and dsp hybridizations)3 2

Application of group theory to IR Raman and UV spectroscopy – selection rulesfor fundamental vibrations –symmetry of normal vibrations of molecules belonging toC ,C ,C ,C ,D ,D ,D , and C point groups, stretching mode analysis of metal2h 2v 3v 4v 3h 4h ∞h ∞Vcarbonyls and metal complexes.Unit III Bio-Inorganic Chemistry

Metalloproteins and enzymes –Blue copper proteins –copper proteins asoxidases / reductases – Nickel containing enzymes – structure of DNA – types ofNucleic acid interactions –Coordination, intercalation and hydrogen bonding –interactions of metal ion with nucleic acid, redox chemistry, hydrolytic chemistry-

M.Phil Chem 9


Page 137 of 146

monitoring the DNA binding by UV, IR, NMR and CV spectral techniques.Applications of different metal complexes that bind nucleic acids –conformationalprobes – metallo foot printing reagents. Nature’s use of metal / nucleic acidinteractions. Metal ion toxicity –detoxication using chelating agents. Inorganiccompounds as therapeutic agents. Anticancer drugs - antiarthritis drugs. Treatment ofessential trace metal deficiencies and excess.Unit IV – Fundamental of medicinal chemistry:

Definitions of medicinal chemistry, pharmacology and molecularpharmacology. Major process involved in drug action – pharmokinetics phase –quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) – Haunch approach. The concept ofbioisosterism – pharmocodynamic phase – receptors and classification of membranebound receptors – enzyme inhibitors as drugs (illustrated with one example). Theconcept of allosterism - Agonist and antagonists – neurotransmitters in peripheralnervous system – cholinergic and adrenergic nerve transmission – relationship betweendrug metabolism and drug design – prodrugs and soft drugs.Unit V – Nanochemistry and photochemistry:

Nanoparticles and nanostructural materials – introduction – methods ofpreparations – physical properties – metallic behaviour– magnetic behaviour – opticaland electronic properties – chemical properties of surfaces: metals – semiconductors –metal oxides – application of nanoparticles: water purification – catalysis –sensors –information storage –solar cells – environmental clean up.

Solar energy conversion – photo electrochemical cells – water splitting –semiconductor solar cells.References:Unit I

1. R.E.Ireland, (1969) Organic Synthesis, Prentice Hall,.2. W.L.Jolly.The Synthesis and Characterisation of Inorganic Compounds,3. D.M.Adams & J.B.Raynor,Advanced Practical Inorganic Chemistry,

Unit II1. F.A.Cotton.(2006)Chemical

Wiley&Sons,III Edition.2. Davison, Introductory Group Theory,.

Application of Group Theory,John

3. R.S.Drago, (1977), Physical Methods in Chemistry, .B.SaundersCompany.

4. V.Ramakrishnan & M.S.Gopinathan,( Second Reprint Edition 2007)GroupTheory in chemistry,Vishal Publishing Company.

Unit III1. Ivano Bertini, Harry B.Gray, Stephen J.Lippard

and Joan Selverstone valentine, (1998) Bioinorganic chemistry,Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.,

2. J.E.Huheey & et al., (2007)Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of Structureand Reactivity ,Dorling Kindersley (India ) Pvt, Ltd, IV Edition.3. J.Chem.Edn., November 1985.4. F.A.Cotton and G.Wilkinson,(1998) Advanced Inorganic Chemistry –

John Wiley & sons,Newyork, , IV edition .5. A.K.Das ,A Textbook on Medicinal aspects of Bioinorganic chemistry,


CBS Publishers.6. A.K.De(1994) Environmental chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd.,7. G.R.Chatwal and Ajay Kumar Bhagi,(1991)Bioinorganic

Chemistry , Himalaya Publishing House,I Edition..Unit IV

1. G.L.Patrick (2001)Medicinal chemistry, Oxford University Press, II edn.,2. T.Nogradi ,(2004)Medicinal chemistry – A Biochemical Approach, ,

OxfordUniversity Press,3. J.B.Taylor and P.D.Kennewell, (1985), Introductory Medicinal chemistry,

Ellisworth Publishers.4. M.E.Wolf (Ed), (1995) Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons,

VEdn.5. G.Patrick, Medicinal Chemistry (Instant Notes), (2002) Viva Books Pvt.

Ltd., (Indian edition).6. W.O.Foye, Lee & Febiger, (1975)Principles of Medicinal Chemistry,.

Unit V1. Kenneth J.Klabunde ,(2001)Nanoscale Materials in chemistry, , John Wiley

&Sons, Inc., Publication.


(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University,Reaccredited with A Grade by NAAC &

College with Potential for Excellence by UGC)SIVAKASI – 626 123

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRYM.Phil. CHEMISTRY – SEMESTER - II

OPTIONAL PAPER I – ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -14MCH2AContact Hours per week: 06Total Hours per semester: 90No. of Credits : 09Objectives:To enable the students to

i)ii)iii)

understand the principles of conformational analysis.know the applications of various reagents in organic chemistryget an idea about bio organic chemistry and organometallicreagents & chemistry of enolates.

Unit I – Conformational analysis:Free and restricted rotations – preferred conformations – conformation and

reactivity in cyclic system – quantitative treatment of mobile system – Eliel-Ro andWinstein Holness equations – computation of conformational free energy difference –curtin-Hammett principle – conformation of decalins, perhydroanthracenes –cyclohexene, cyclohexanones and bicycle[2.2.1] heptanones – shape of smaller ringsystems – Transannular effects – Asymmetric synthesis – enantio and diastereoselectivesynthesis.Unit II – Reagents in Organic Chemistry:

Introduction – phosphorus containing reagents – reactions of phosphorus ylides– Wittig reaction – Horner-Wardsworth-Emmons reactions – reductive cyclisation ofnitro compounds – synthesis of olefins from 1,2-diols.

Reactions of sulphur ylides with carbonyl compounds – rearrangement –reactions of dismsyl anion – sulphoxide elimination – use of dithiols, reversed polarityof carbonyl compounds.

Formation of organoboranes – regioselectivity – stereoselective alkene synthesis– formation of alcohol – formation of carbonyl compounds – formation of primaryamine – formation of cyclopropanes – formation of organometallic compound –carbonylation of organoboranes – isomerisation of organoboranes.Unit III – Bioorganic chemistry:

Chemistry in biosystems – non covalent interactions and molecular recognition– enzyme chemistry – mechanism of enzyme action – chymotrypsin – antibodies asenzyme –coenzyme chemistry – suicide enzyme – inactivators and affinity levels.

Biological energy – ATP, NADH, NADPH and FADH(2) as electron carriers –coenezymes A as acyl carrier – carbohydrate metabolism – lipid metabolism – citricacid cycle – urea cycle – link between glycolysis and citric acid cycle – biologicaloxidation.

M.Phil Chem 12


Page 140 of 146

Enzyme models – utility of cyclodextrins, crown ethers and calixarenes asenzyme models – molecular recognition and drug design – supramolecular chemistry –supramolecular reactivity and catalysis.Unit IV – Organometallic reagents:

Principles – preparation – structure and reactivity – organomagnesiumcompounds – formation of C-C bond in hydrocarbons – alcohols – aldehydes – reactionat elements other than carbon. Organosodium compound – organolithium compounds –preparation – reactions – comparison of reactivity with Grignard reagents –organocopper compound – organocadimium compounds – organozinc compounds –applications – reactions involving the transition metals.Unit V – Chemistry of enolates:

Generation of enolates – regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in enolateformation – alkylation of enolates – medium effect in aklylation of enolates – oxygenvs carbon as the site of alkylation – alkylation of aldehydes, esters, amides and nitriles– Aldol condensation – Knoevenagel reaction – acylation of enolates – Michaeladdition of enolates – nitrogen analogs of enols and enolates – enamines and imineanions.

References:Unit I

1. P.S.Kalsi, (2006), Stereochemistry, Conformation and Mechanism, WileyEastern Ltd., VI edition.

2. D. Nasipuri,(2006).Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Principles andApplication, Wiley Eastern Ltd., II edition.

3. E.L.Eliel, Reprinted (2008)Stereo chemistry of Carbon Compounds,McGraw Hill IVedition

4. F.A.Carey and R.J.Sundberg(2006), Advanced Organic chemistry,Springer publications,IV edition.Unit II

1. R.O.C. Norman (2004), Principles of Organic Synthesis, , II edition.2. F.A.Carey and R.J.Sundberg(2006), Advanced Organic chemistry,

Springer publications,IV edition.Unit III

1. Jean-Marie Lehn(1995), Supramolecular Chemistry, Concepts andPerspectives, VCH Publication,

Unit IV1. R.O.C.Norman ,(2006),Principles of Organic Synthesis, Methuen & Co.

Ltd., London, II Edition.2. F.A.Carey and R.J.Sundberg(2006), Advanced Organic chemistry,

Springer publications,IV edition.


Unit V1. Reinhard BrucknerJ (2001) Advanced Organic Chemistry : Reaction

Mechanisms,: Academic Press, I edition2. R.J. Sundberg, F.A. Carey,(1987), Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part B:

Reactions and Synthesis, Plenum, , Harper Collins Publishers, New York,III edition.


THE STANDARD FIREWORKS RAJARATHINAM COLLEGE FOR WOMEN(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University,

Reaccredited with A Grade by NAAC &College with Potential for Excellence by UGC)


M.Phil. CHEMISTRY – SEMESTER - IIOPTIONAL PAPER II – ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – 14MCH2BContact Hours per week: 06Total Hours per semester: 90No. of Credits : 09Objectives:To enable the students to

i) have an in depth study of inorganic polymers, organometalliccompounds.

ii) have an understanding of molecular rearrangements andreactions of coordinated ligands.

iii)iv)

study the application of metal ions in medicine.know about different types of non - conventional energysystems.

Unit I – Inorganic PolymersGeneral properties of inorganic polymers – classification – homoatomic

– heteroatomic condensation – addition polymers – coordination polymers. Glasstransition temperature – phosphorous based polymers – polydimethoxy andpolydiethoxy phosphazines – polyphosphoryl chlorides – polyphosphates –metaphosphates – polyphosphates cross linked phosphates – ultraphosphate glasses –borophosphate glasses – uses of phosphorous polymers – polymeric sulphur nitride–chalogenide glasses - coordination polymers – chain polymers –two dimensionalpolymers – synthetic coordination polymers – polymers having phthalocyanine andrelated structure – polymers with bis chelating agents.Unit II – Molecular rearrangements and reactions of coordinated ligands:

Molecular rearrangements of four coordinated complexes – six coordinatedcomplexes – reactions at coordinated ligands – reactions due to metal ion polarizationof coordinated ligands – hydrolysis of amino acids esters and amides and of peptides –Aldol condensation – imine formation hydrolysis and substituent exchange – thetemplate effect and macrocyclic ligands.Unit III -Organometallic compounds:

Alkylidene and alkylidyne complexes – synthesis of alkylidene complexes inlow oxidation state and higher oxidation state of metals – synthesis of alkylidynecomplexes – synthesis reativity and bonding – cobalt catalysed alkyne cycloadditionreactions.


Unit IV – Metal ions in Medicine:Introduction – trace elements – metal deficiency and disease – toxic effect of

metals ( Pb, Cd, Hg, & As) and their detoxification – metals used for diagnosis andchemotheraphy – platinum anticancer drugs: discovery, principles and development ofdrugs – clinical picture of cisplatin and carboplatin – Bioinorganic chemistry ofplatinum anticancer drugs - design of new inorganic anticancer drugs.Unit V – Energy and environment:

Sources of energy – fossil fuels – nuclear fission –nuclear fusion- solar energy –use of solar energy in space heating and water heating – production of electricity usingsolar energy – solar trough collectors – power tower – solar bond – solar energy fordriving vehicles – power from indirect solar energy – hydropower, wind power ,biomass energy – product of ethanol, methane from biomass – photosynthesis – photoelectrochemical cells – geothermal energy – ocean thermal energy conversion – tidalpower, air energy.References:Unit I

1. B.R. Puri, L.R. Sharma and K.C. Kalia, (2008)Principles of InorganicChemsitry, Milestone Publishers, Delhi, 30th edn.,2. Gurdeep raj,(1987)Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Goel Publishing House.

Unit II1. K.F. Purcell and J.C. Kotz,(1987) Inorganic Chemistry

Unit III1. R.C. Mehrotra and A.Singh, (1988)Organometallic Chemistry.

Unit IV1. Ivano Bertini, Harry B.Gray, Stephen J.Lippard and Joan Selverstone

Valentine,( 1998) Bioinorganic Chemistry, Viva Books Pvt.Ltd., A.K. De,Environmental Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd.,

2. A.K. Das,(1979) A text book on Medicinal aspects of BioinorganicChemistry, CBS Publishers.

Unit V1. S.S.Dara,(2004) A textbook of environmental chemistry and pollution

control, ,S. Chand & Co., VII edn.,


THE STANDARD FIREWORKS RAJARATHINAM COLLEGE FOR WOMEN(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University,

Reaccredited with A Grade by NAAC &College with Potential for Excellence by UGC)


M.Phil. CHEMISTRY – SEMESTER - IIOPTIONAL PAPER III – ADVANCED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – 14MCH2CContact Hours per week : 06Total Hours per semester: 90No. of Credits : 09Objectives:To enable the students to

i)ii)

know the application of polymer electrolytes for lithium batteriesunderstand the fundamental concepts of chemical sensors and bioelectrochemistry

iii)iv)v)

have an idea about molecular beam studiesderive advanced knowledge on novel materialsbe familiar with application of chemical kinetics.

Unit I – Conducting polymer and Gel type polymer electrolyte for lithiumbatteries

Polymers with conductive fillers – synthesis of conducting polymers – dopingelectric properties of conducting polymers – optical properties of conducting polymers -stability – processability - mechanism of electrical conduction – applications ofconducting polymers.

Polymer electrolyte in solid state lithium ion batteries – PEO based electrolytes– PAN based electrolytes – PMMA based electrolytes – PVDF based electrolytes.Unit II Novel Materials – Adsorption and surface catalytic reactions

Discovery of fullerenes – experimental setup – synthesis – purification – massspectrometry and ion/molecule reactions. Chemistry of fullerenes in the condensedphase – Eudohedral Chemistry of fullerenes – pressure effects – conductivity and superconductivities of fullerenes – ferromagnetism in C60 TDAE – unusual properties.

Basis of catalytic action – adsorption process on surfaces – Langmuir adsorptionisotherm for non-dissociative adsorption – dissociative adsorption – Characteristics ofsurface – bonded chemical species – CO adsorbed on metals –N2 adsorped on metals –hydro carbon adsorbed on metal - new approach to study surface catalytic reactions.Unit III Chemical sensors and Bioelectrochemistry

Chemical sensors- classification – optical sensors – thermal sensors – masssensors – electrochemical sensors – flow chart for materials procession involved inceramic gas sensors – humidity sensors – mechanism of humidity sensing withsuperacid modified surface – semiconducting oxide sensors – mechanism –hydrocarbon sensors.


Donnan Memebrane equilibrium – Donnal potential – four types of Donnanmembrane equilibrium – membrane Potential . Applications of Donnan membraneequilibrium – swelling of gel – tanning of leather. Bioelectrodics – Electrocardiography– membrane potentials.Unit IV – Molecular beam studies of reactive scattering energy transfer withactivation and deactivation process

Theories of energy transfer – resonant and non- resonant transfers – vibrationalenergy transfer to translation during a collision – intra and inter molecular vibration tovibration transfers in polyatomic molecules. Mechanism of single, doubleand multiple relaxation times – energy transfer results relevant to kinetics – transfer ofrotational energy.

Contour diagrams – energy changes on reactions – forward scattering –backward scattering. Reverse reactions for reactions associated with forward andbackward scattering – long lived complexes – steric effects – state to state kinetics – Astudy of some reactions of HCl-HF – reaction with HF and Ba- other reactions of HF –ion-molecule studies.Unit V – Application of Chemical kinetics in the elucidation of mechanisms of

few reactionsReactions of organic compounds – non kinetic methods of determining

mechanism – analysis of products – detection of intermediates – isotopic labeling –Reaction of non – integral order – activation parameters - medium effects – Winsteinequation – ion pair in SN2 reaction.

Kinetics of polymerization reactions – kinetics of step growth polymerizationand chain polymerization. Experimental determination of the individual rate constants –ionic chain polymerization – co-polymerization.References:Unit I

1. S.M.M.D. Safikur Rahman, Santanu Kundu, (1992).Bulletin of Electrochemistry 8 (11)

2. J.Y. Song, Y.Y. Wang, C.C.Wan, (1999)Journal of Power sources 77,Unit II

1. T. Pradeep (1999),Advances in Physical Chemistry, , Allied Publishers Ltd.,Unit III

1. T. Pradeep (1999),Advances in Physical Chemistry, , Allied Publishers Ltd2. J.N.Gurtu and A.Gurhz .,(2006)Advances in Physical Chemistry, , Pragati edn

Unit IV1. M.R.Wright(1999) Fundamental Chemical kinetics, , Horwood series in

chemical sciences.Unit V

1. J. Rajaram and J.C. Kuriacose (1993).Kinetics and Mechanism of ChemicalTransformations, Macmillan India Ltd


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