전자의료시스템 및 실습

디지털 시스템의 기초

구 환

경희대학교 전자정보대학 동서의료공학과

Contents

• Basic concepts for understanding - Flip-flops - Registers - Bus - Transfer - Shifter - Accumulator - Multiplier - ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit) - Pipeline

2007 Summer Seminar

Impedance Imaging Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, South Korea

Flip-flops

2007 Summer Seminar

Impedance Imaging Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, South Korea

• Descriptions - The storage elements employed in clocked sequential

circuits - a binary cell capable of storing one bit of information - maintains a binary state until directed by a clock pulse to

switch states• Types - SR Flip-Flop - D Flip-Flop - JK Flip-Flop - T Flip-Flop - Edge-Triggered Flip-Flops

Flip-flops

2007 Summer Seminar

Impedance Imaging Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, South Korea

• Examples

Registers

• Descriptions - A group of flip-flops with each flip-flop capable of storing one

bit of information - may have combinational gates that perform certain data-

processing tasks - Broadest definition: a group of flip-flops and gates that

effect their transition

2007 Summer Seminar

Impedance Imaging Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, South Korea

Registers

• Example

2007 Summer Seminar

Impedance Imaging Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, South Korea

Bus

• Descriptions - consists of a set of common lines, one for each bit of a

register, through which binary information is transferred one at a time

- One way of constructing a common bus system is with multiplexers

2007 Summer Seminar

Impedance Imaging Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, South Korea

Bus

• Example

2007 Summer Seminar

Impedance Imaging Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, South Korea

Transfer

• Example

2007 Summer Seminar

Impedance Imaging Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, South Korea

Shifter

2007 Summer Seminar

Impedance Imaging Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, South Korea

• Descriptions - used for serial transfer of data - used in conjunction wit arithmetic, logic, and other data-

processing operations - can be shifted to the left or the right

Shifter

2007 Summer Seminar

Impedance Imaging Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, South Korea

• Examples

Accumulator

• Example

2007 Summer Seminar

Impedance Imaging Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, South Korea

Multiplier

• Example

2007 Summer Seminar

Impedance Imaging Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, South Korea

ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)

2007 Summer Seminar

Impedance Imaging Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, South Korea

• Descriptions - Instead of having individual registers performing the

microoperations directly, computer systems employ a number of storage registers connected to a common operational unit called an arithmetic logic unit(ALU)

- consists of combinational logics - arithmetic circuit + logic circuit

ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)

• Example

2007 Summer Seminar

Impedance Imaging Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, South Korea

Pipeline

• Descriptions - a technique of decomposing a sequential process into

suboperations, with each subprocess being executed in a speacial dedicated segment that operates concurrently with all other segments

- can be visualized as a collection of processing segments through which binary information flows

- implies a flow of information analogous to an industrial assembly line.

- characteristic of pipelines that several computations can be in progress in distinct segments at the same time

2007 Summer Seminar

Impedance Imaging Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, South Korea

Pipeline

• Example

2007 Summer Seminar

Impedance Imaging Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, South Korea

Cycle

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Add F1 D1 R1 E1

Sub F2 D2 R2 E2

Mpy F3 D3 R3 E3

Store F4 D4 R4 E4Fully loaded

pipeline(normal

operation)