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1.Market and handset feature trends
2.SOC integration
3.UWB
4.Digital TV
5.Cognitive Radio
6.Q&A
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Source: InStat, iSuppli
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2004 2005 2006 2007
Portable audio Digital Still CameraNotebook PC Desktop PCCell Phone
Projected Sales of Digital Electronics(Millions of units)
Smartphone w/ HLOS
�"Analog & DigitalBroadcasts
#�����4 megapixelsUp to 6 megapixels
���� Dolby audio and3D audio effects
���$��%CIF, VGAUp to D1
"��� VGA videoUp to DVD quality
�����3D interactiveGame console quality soon
Extending Entertainment: Your Living Room in Your Phone
u Parallel processing for click- and flicker-free mult i-taskingu Software flexibility, hardware accelerators for per f. & low power u Power management is critical
More than Just Cellular Connectivity
DigitalTV
UWB
…And Future Broadband Wireless Technologies
GPS
Bluetooth
Wi-Fi
UMTS
GSM/GPRS
EDGE
cdma2000
u Send video/ images to PVR or TV for viewing
u View live broadcast TV
u Download movies
u VoIPu Internet accessu E-mail
u E911 servicesu Location-based services
v Marketing v Travel & entertainment
Mapping & navigation
u Talk wire freeu Info synchronizationu Printing
Hardware and SoftwareReference Designs
����&�������'����������������( ������&�������'����������������( ������&�������'����������������( ������&�������'����������������( ���$$������ ��
)%�����) ���� ���
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802.11 Bluetooth GPS UWB
EDGE
UMTS
CDMA
GPRS
GSM
Productivity
Games
Security
Imaging
Audio
HLOS
OMAP Applications Processor
Communications Processor
Analog, Power Management
RF
Software
Protocol Stack
Software Media Engines
OS and Smart Phone Software
OMAP Developer Applications
TV & Radio
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Typical Cell Phone Block Diagram
Deep Submicron Digital
FLASH EEPROM
Analog CMOS
SiGe BICMOS
Hi Voltage
Discrete Passives: SAW Filters, Inductors
RadioCODEC
Digital Baseband Logic
Memory
UserInterface
LNA
PA
RX
Synth
TX
Passives Power Management
Au
dio
Dis
pla
y
System in Package (SIP) Options
Stacked Die Packages: Die are stacked on top of each other, allows mixing of wafer process technologies in smal l area.
Stacked Package on Package (PoP): Pre-packaged devices are stacked on top of each other (leadframe , PCB, flex-based, etc.), avoids multi-die package yield i ssues.
Modules (MCMs): LTCC and PCB-based modules (BGA/LGA), can include passive elements. Die side-by-side or stacked.
Stacked Package
Three Stacked Die
Issues with Analog Integration
Poor Match BetweenComponents
Lack of High-Performance“Analog” Components
u Dynamic range reduction:kT/C noise and substrate
u Loss of headroomLow Voltage
u MOSFET
u Capacitor
u Resistor
u Varactors
u Inductors
RxIQ ADC in 90nm CMOS
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Video Current Steering DAC10bit, 54MHz, 1.8V, 1.5mA
Measured:
DNL = 0.22 LSB0.22 LSB
INL = 0.51 LSB0.51 LSB
SFDR = 75.3 dB75.3 dB
SNR = 63.4 dB63.4 dB
DVD
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About Half the Total Components on a Phone Board are Associated with the RF
Transceiver Function
Transceiver Options:
PAM – Power Amp ModuleFEM – Front End Module
PAM
FEM
SIP
Radio Integration Options
Tra
nsce
iver
IC
u Integrate transceiver with baseband ICn Cost, area and power benefits
u Integrate transceiver in RF front-end modulen Several technologies are possible
SOCB
aseb
and
IC
NMOS Ft and NFmin Performance
10
100
1000
10 100 1000Lg(nm)
Ft(G
Hz)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
1 10 100 1000Jd[µµµµA/µµµµm]
NF
min
[dB
]
1.2GHz2.4GHz5.0GHz
u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate for RF tra nsceivers
u First production CMOS transceivers for cellular (GS M) emerged at 180nm
u First single-chip phones (DBB+transceiver) expected at 90nm
Digital Transceiver Architecture
Conventional Direct Conversion is a Great Technolog y… but not well suited for CMOS integration
… and digital techniques improve perf/power… and digital offers roadmap to SDR
A/D
A/D
PLLVCO
Analog Direct Conversion Receiver
DigitalBB
Digital RF Processor
Digital Filtering& Control
Mixed Signal
Processor
DigitalBB
Mixed Signal
Processor
A/D
A/D
Complete Bluetooth board layout in 0.5 cm 2
u 130nm CMOS with no mask adders
u Fully integrated: logic, memory, analog, power management, and RF
u Excellent cost, power and performance
u Radio only 10% of die area
u GSM, GPS, WLAN, … coming soon
Single-Chip SOC Technology
Digital Signal Processing& Air Interfaces
Wafer Processing
RF / AnalogDesign
SOC Integration
Wide Capability Breadth Required
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Overview of Multi-band OFDMu Basic idea: divide the spectrum into 528 MHz wide bands.
u Interleave OFDM symbols across all bands to exploit frequency diversity and provide robustness against multi-path and interference.
u TX and RX process smaller bandwidth signals (528 MHz).
u Cyclic prefix provides robustness against multi-path.
u Insert guard interval between OFDM symbols to allow sufficient time to switch between channels.
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Multi-band OFDM – Advantagesu Robust to U-NII and other generic narrowband interference.
u Inherently robust to multi-path in all expected environments.
u Ability to comply with worldwide regulations:
u Channels and tones can be turned on/off dynamically to comply with changing regulations.
u Enhanced coexistence with current and future services:
u Channels and tones can be turned on/off dynamically to coexist with other devices.
u Scalability:
u More channels can be added as RF technology improves and as capacity requirements increase.
u Multi-band OFDM is digital heavy. Scales with improvements in technology node (Moore’s Law).
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Portable TV EnvironmentAnalog TV deployed in cellular handsets in Japan in Dec. 2003
Digital TV Coming Soon:
DVB-H standard in development in Europe
ISDB-T for handsets in Japan
DMB – system leveraging DAB infrastructureTV Out Cable
Mobile Digital TV OverviewUS
KoreaEuropeJapan
??Time SlicingMobile use 1 seg. only
PowerReduction
8VSB/2VSBCOFDMOFDM (13-seg/ch)Modulation
19981998Dec. 2003DTV launch??Jan. 2005Dec. 2005Mobile DTV
launch
Freq/chMax bps
CodecVideoaudio
System
8MHz31Mbps
H.264 (expected)MPEG-2 (BC)
DVB-H
6MHz19Mbps
MPEG-2MPEG-2 (AC3)
ATSCATSC & DMB
6MHz23Mbps
MPEG-2 (H.264)MPEG-2 (AAC)
ISDB-T
# ��������'��� # ��������'��� # ��������'��� # ��������'���
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• High QoS
• Reach a New User Segment
• Wide Area Coverage
• Flexible Use of Spectrum
WLANWLANCellularCellular
UnlicensedWAN
UnlicensedUnlicensedWANWAN
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•Spectrum is expensive
•Voice service can be profitable, but what about data services:
•Customers expect low cost, “all you can eat” service
•Consume lots of spectrum
•Hard to realize vision without cheaper spectrum
•Cognitive radio opens un/under-utilized spectrum for opportunistic use
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•Handsets (or network) identify unused spectrum
•Protocol ensures spectrum is really available
•Spectrum is used and then released for others
•Challenges:
•How to really ensure spectrum is unused?
•Locating users, user priority, emergency use, wasteful use, …
•Need very powerful handsets, flexible radios and very intelligent protocols
Thank You!!!