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˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

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Page 1: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

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Page 2: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

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1.Market and handset feature trends

2.SOC integration

3.UWB

4.Digital TV

5.Cognitive Radio

6.Q&A

Page 3: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

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Source: InStat, iSuppli

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2004 2005 2006 2007

Portable audio Digital Still CameraNotebook PC Desktop PCCell Phone

Projected Sales of Digital Electronics(Millions of units)

Smartphone w/ HLOS

Page 4: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

�"Analog & DigitalBroadcasts

#�����4 megapixelsUp to 6 megapixels

���� Dolby audio and3D audio effects

���$��%CIF, VGAUp to D1

"��� VGA videoUp to DVD quality

�����3D interactiveGame console quality soon

Extending Entertainment: Your Living Room in Your Phone

u Parallel processing for click- and flicker-free mult i-taskingu Software flexibility, hardware accelerators for per f. & low power u Power management is critical

Page 5: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

More than Just Cellular Connectivity

DigitalTV

UWB

…And Future Broadband Wireless Technologies

GPS

Bluetooth

Wi-Fi

UMTS

GSM/GPRS

EDGE

cdma2000

u Send video/ images to PVR or TV for viewing

u View live broadcast TV

u Download movies

u VoIPu Internet accessu E-mail

u E911 servicesu Location-based services

v Marketing v Travel & entertainment

Mapping & navigation

u Talk wire freeu Info synchronizationu Printing

Page 6: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

Hardware and SoftwareReference Designs

����&�������'����������������( ������&�������'����������������( ������&�������'����������������( ������&�������'����������������( ���$$������ ��

)%�����) ���� ���

��*�# ���������

��

������ ����&��������+�� �$ ����������+����(����

802.11 Bluetooth GPS UWB

EDGE

UMTS

CDMA

GPRS

GSM

Productivity

Games

Security

Imaging

Audio

HLOS

OMAP Applications Processor

Communications Processor

Analog, Power Management

RF

Software

Protocol Stack

Software Media Engines

OS and Smart Phone Software

OMAP Developer Applications

TV & Radio

Page 7: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

),#�+�������� �),#�+�������� �),#�+�������� �),#�+�������� �

Page 8: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

Typical Cell Phone Block Diagram

Deep Submicron Digital

FLASH EEPROM

Analog CMOS

SiGe BICMOS

Hi Voltage

Discrete Passives: SAW Filters, Inductors

RadioCODEC

Digital Baseband Logic

Memory

UserInterface

LNA

PA

RX

Synth

TX

Passives Power Management

Au

dio

Dis

pla

y

Page 9: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

System in Package (SIP) Options

Stacked Die Packages: Die are stacked on top of each other, allows mixing of wafer process technologies in smal l area.

Stacked Package on Package (PoP): Pre-packaged devices are stacked on top of each other (leadframe , PCB, flex-based, etc.), avoids multi-die package yield i ssues.

Modules (MCMs): LTCC and PCB-based modules (BGA/LGA), can include passive elements. Die side-by-side or stacked.

Stacked Package

Three Stacked Die

Page 10: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

Issues with Analog Integration

Poor Match BetweenComponents

Lack of High-Performance“Analog” Components

u Dynamic range reduction:kT/C noise and substrate

u Loss of headroomLow Voltage

u MOSFET

u Capacitor

u Resistor

u Varactors

u Inductors

Page 11: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

RxIQ ADC in 90nm CMOS

������������� ������������������ ������������������

Page 12: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

Video Current Steering DAC10bit, 54MHz, 1.8V, 1.5mA

Measured:

DNL = 0.22 LSB0.22 LSB

INL = 0.51 LSB0.51 LSB

SFDR = 75.3 dB75.3 dB

SNR = 63.4 dB63.4 dB

DVD

��������

Page 13: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

About Half the Total Components on a Phone Board are Associated with the RF

Transceiver Function

Page 14: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

Transceiver Options:

PAM – Power Amp ModuleFEM – Front End Module

PAM

FEM

SIP

Radio Integration Options

Tra

nsce

iver

IC

u Integrate transceiver with baseband ICn Cost, area and power benefits

u Integrate transceiver in RF front-end modulen Several technologies are possible

SOCB

aseb

and

IC

Page 15: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

NMOS Ft and NFmin Performance

10

100

1000

10 100 1000Lg(nm)

Ft(G

Hz)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

1 10 100 1000Jd[µµµµA/µµµµm]

NF

min

[dB

]

1.2GHz2.4GHz5.0GHz

u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate for RF tra nsceivers

u First production CMOS transceivers for cellular (GS M) emerged at 180nm

u First single-chip phones (DBB+transceiver) expected at 90nm

Page 16: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

Digital Transceiver Architecture

Conventional Direct Conversion is a Great Technolog y… but not well suited for CMOS integration

… and digital techniques improve perf/power… and digital offers roadmap to SDR

A/D

A/D

PLLVCO

Analog Direct Conversion Receiver

DigitalBB

Digital RF Processor

Digital Filtering& Control

Mixed Signal

Processor

DigitalBB

Mixed Signal

Processor

A/D

A/D

Page 17: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

Complete Bluetooth board layout in 0.5 cm 2

u 130nm CMOS with no mask adders

u Fully integrated: logic, memory, analog, power management, and RF

u Excellent cost, power and performance

u Radio only 10% of die area

u GSM, GPS, WLAN, … coming soon

Single-Chip SOC Technology

Page 18: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

Digital Signal Processing& Air Interfaces

Wafer Processing

RF / AnalogDesign

SOC Integration

Wide Capability Breadth Required

Page 19: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

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Page 20: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

Overview of Multi-band OFDMu Basic idea: divide the spectrum into 528 MHz wide bands.

u Interleave OFDM symbols across all bands to exploit frequency diversity and provide robustness against multi-path and interference.

u TX and RX process smaller bandwidth signals (528 MHz).

u Cyclic prefix provides robustness against multi-path.

u Insert guard interval between OFDM symbols to allow sufficient time to switch between channels.

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)*&��&+����,

Page 21: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

Multi-band OFDM – Advantagesu Robust to U-NII and other generic narrowband interference.

u Inherently robust to multi-path in all expected environments.

u Ability to comply with worldwide regulations:

u Channels and tones can be turned on/off dynamically to comply with changing regulations.

u Enhanced coexistence with current and future services:

u Channels and tones can be turned on/off dynamically to coexist with other devices.

u Scalability:

u More channels can be added as RF technology improves and as capacity requirements increase.

u Multi-band OFDM is digital heavy. Scales with improvements in technology node (Moore’s Law).

Page 22: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

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Page 23: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

Portable TV EnvironmentAnalog TV deployed in cellular handsets in Japan in Dec. 2003

Digital TV Coming Soon:

DVB-H standard in development in Europe

ISDB-T for handsets in Japan

DMB – system leveraging DAB infrastructureTV Out Cable

Page 24: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

Mobile Digital TV OverviewUS

KoreaEuropeJapan

??Time SlicingMobile use 1 seg. only

PowerReduction

8VSB/2VSBCOFDMOFDM (13-seg/ch)Modulation

19981998Dec. 2003DTV launch??Jan. 2005Dec. 2005Mobile DTV

launch

Freq/chMax bps

CodecVideoaudio

System

8MHz31Mbps

H.264 (expected)MPEG-2 (BC)

DVB-H

6MHz19Mbps

MPEG-2MPEG-2 (AC3)

ATSCATSC & DMB

6MHz23Mbps

MPEG-2 (H.264)MPEG-2 (AAC)

ISDB-T

Page 25: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

# ��������'��� # ��������'��� # ��������'��� # ��������'���

Page 26: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

��*�!�����������������

• High QoS

• Reach a New User Segment

• Wide Area Coverage

• Flexible Use of Spectrum

WLANWLANCellularCellular

UnlicensedWAN

UnlicensedUnlicensedWANWAN

Page 27: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

��%�# ��������'��� 0��%�# ��������'��� 0��%�# ��������'��� 0��%�# ��������'��� 0

•Spectrum is expensive

•Voice service can be profitable, but what about data services:

•Customers expect low cost, “all you can eat” service

•Consume lots of spectrum

•Hard to realize vision without cheaper spectrum

•Cognitive radio opens un/under-utilized spectrum for opportunistic use

Page 28: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

��������# ��������'��� 0��������# ��������'��� 0��������# ��������'��� 0��������# ��������'��� 0

•Handsets (or network) identify unused spectrum

•Protocol ensures spectrum is really available

•Spectrum is used and then released for others

•Challenges:

•How to really ensure spectrum is unused?

•Locating users, user priority, emergency use, wasteful use, …

•Need very powerful handsets, flexible radios and very intelligent protocols

Page 29: ˘ ˇ ˆ ˙ ˝ ˛ - Lyle School of Engineeringlyle.smu.edu/~rajand/EEseminars/Krenik_Oct04.pdf ·  · 2004-10-26u CMOS Ft and NFmin are completely adequate ... u 130nm CMOS with

Thank You!!!