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© McGraw-Hill Theories of Personality Seventh Edition By Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserve

© McGraw-Hill Theories of Personality Seventh Edition By Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

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Page 1: © McGraw-Hill Theories of Personality Seventh Edition By Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© McGraw-Hill

Theories of PersonalitySeventh Edition

By Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist

© 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Page 2: © McGraw-Hill Theories of Personality Seventh Edition By Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© McGraw-Hill

Introduction to Personality Theory

Chapter 1

© 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Page 3: © McGraw-Hill Theories of Personality Seventh Edition By Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© McGraw-Hill

Outline

• What Is Personality?

• What Is Theory?– Theory Defined

• Why Different Theories?

• What Makes a Theory Useful?

• Dimensions for a Concept of Humanity

• Research in Personality Theory

Page 4: © McGraw-Hill Theories of Personality Seventh Edition By Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© McGraw-Hill

What Is Personality?

• Word stems from “persona” – Latin for “mask”

• Personality Defined: – A pattern of relatively permanent traits and

unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior

Page 5: © McGraw-Hill Theories of Personality Seventh Edition By Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© McGraw-Hill

What Is Personality?

• Traits– Consistency over time– Individual differences in behavior– Stability across situations

• Characteristics– Unique qualities (e.g., temperament, physique,

and intelligence)

Page 6: © McGraw-Hill Theories of Personality Seventh Edition By Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© McGraw-Hill

What Is a Theory?

• Theory Defined– A set of related assumptions that allows

scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses

Page 7: © McGraw-Hill Theories of Personality Seventh Edition By Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© McGraw-Hill

Theory and Its Relatives• Philosophy

– Broader than theory

• Speculation– Must be tied to empirical data and science

• Hypothesis– Specific guess that can be tested using scientific method

• Taxonomy– Classification according to natural relationships

Page 8: © McGraw-Hill Theories of Personality Seventh Edition By Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© McGraw-Hill

Why Different Theories?

• Different Personal Backgrounds– Childhood experiences– Interpersonal relationships

• Different Philosophical Orientations

• Unique Ways of Looking at the World

• Data Chosen to Observe is Different

Page 9: © McGraw-Hill Theories of Personality Seventh Edition By Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© McGraw-Hill

Theorists’ Personalities & Their Theories of Personality

• Psychology of Science– The empirical study of scientific thought and

behavior (including theory construction) of the scientist

• The personalities and psychology of different theorists influence the kinds of theories that they develop

Page 10: © McGraw-Hill Theories of Personality Seventh Edition By Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© McGraw-Hill

What Makes a Theory Useful: Criteria for Evaluating a Theory

• Generates Research

• Is Falsifiable (Verifiable)

• Organizes Known Data

• Guides Action (Practical)

• Is Internally Consistent

• Is Parsimonious

Page 11: © McGraw-Hill Theories of Personality Seventh Edition By Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© McGraw-Hill

Dimensions for a Concept of Humanity

• Determinism v. Free Choice• Pessimism v. Optimism• Causality v. Teleology• Conscious v. Unconscious Determinants of

Behavior• Biological v. Social Influences on

Personality• Uniqueness v. Similarities

Page 12: © McGraw-Hill Theories of Personality Seventh Edition By Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© McGraw-Hill

Research in Personality Theory

• Must Generate Research– Theory gives meaning to data– Data comes from experimental research

designed to test hypothesis generated by the theory

• Systematic observations– Predictions are consistent and accurate

Page 13: © McGraw-Hill Theories of Personality Seventh Edition By Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© McGraw-Hill

Research in Personality Theory

• Two Empirical Criteria for Instruments– Reliability

• Consistency of Measurement

– Validity: • Construct Validity

– Convergent

– Divergent

– Discriminant

• Predictive Validity


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