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Centrifugal and
Centripetal Forces
Centrifugal Force This term applies to any force that
divides people within a state.• Questions:
What centrifugal forces are at play in Eastside?
Centripetal Force Any force that unifies and unites
people within a state.• Questions:
What centripetal forces are at play in Eastside? As we change scale upward, what forces still apply
centripetally and centrifugally?
The Role of Culture & Identity
Much like the various ‘hats of identity’, centrifugal and centripetal forces change roles at various scales.• A person may be an American (centripetally)
At another scale we have the centrifugal forces of: Religion Gender Race Region, Language or Dialect Education Politics Etc..
Centripetal Forces One of the most
powerful centripetal forces is nationalism.• Identity based on
nationhood• Encourages loyalty to a
single country• Promotes loyalty and
commitment• Emotional
Centrifugal Forces One of the most
powerful centrifugal forces is nationalism.• Can lead to separatist
movements• Can promote civil war
Wars effects ripple outward Promotes new grievances
• Encourages a state to counter with power devolution.
Forms of Government Unitary – highly
centralized government where the capital city serves as a focus of power. • Less variance spatially in
the way the country is ruled• Culture of the capital is
culture of the nation Less accommodating for
minorities
Forms of Government Federal – a government where the
state is organized into territories, which have control over government policies and funds.• Government broken into spatial components
of varying degrees of autonomy and control. Provinces could have various laws as they sought fit Accommodates regional interests and concerns
Nigeria’s Federal Government – Allows states within the state to determine whether to have Shari’a Laws
Shari’a Laws
Legal systems based on interpreting traditional Islamic laws
Devolution –Movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state.
- Think “top-down”
What causes devolutionary movements?• Ethnocultural forces• Economic forces• Spatial forces
Ethnocultural Devolutionary Movements
Eastern Europedevolutionary forces since the fall of communism
Ethnocultural Devolutionary Movements
Scotland rise in independence movement is coupled with:
- European Union
- Scotland’s oil resources
Economic Devolutionary
Movements
Catalonia, SpainBarcelona is the center of banking and commerce in Spain and the region is much wealthier than the rest of Spain.
Spatial Devolutionary Movements
Honolulu, Hawai’iA history apart from the United States, and a desire to live apart in order to keep traditions alive.
Modern Statecraft Balancing and addressing the diverse
interests and needs of a multicultural state has some specific challenges.• Centrifugal and centripetal forces can be one
and the same but act differently at different scales. Example – Kurds in Iraq
Members of Iraq’s new government But also seeking autonomy eventually for a new sovereign
Kurdistan
• Balancing the allowance of federal variance while still maintaining sovereignty.