04 Synchrophasors

8/9/2019 04 Synchrophasors

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Introduction

• The developments of multifunctionalintelligent electronic devices forprotection and other applications thatperform synchrophasor calculations andthe improvements in inter and intra-substation communications bring theindustry to a time when many specialists

are thinking about the use ofsynchrophasors for protectionapplications.

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Utility Automation System

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Synchrophasor Communications

• Increase in requirements forimprovement in the stability of electricpower systems

• IEEE 1344 Standard available since1995

• North American Synchrophasor Initiative(NASPI)

• UCTE in Europe



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Phasor Measurements Concept• GPS time synchronized devices• Magnitudes and phase angles of

voltages and currents measured atdifferent locations

• Measurements sent overcommunication links

• Measurements used for differentapplications



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Synchronized Phasor MeasurementsPrinciple








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Phasor and Total Vector Error



Communications• The standard defines the formats for

frames sent out from the PMU (data,configuration, and header) and for

command frames sent to the PMU.• Mappings to serial communication and

to TCP/UDP are specified.



Data Format – Frame Content

Synchrophasors of the voltages and/orcurrents (1-phase, 3-phase, sequencecomponents)

• Frequency & frequency change• Further analog & digital values• The configuration and header frames

transmit identifiers, format specifications,and conversion factors for the valuestransmitted in the data frames.



Wide Area Monitoring

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System Security

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Visualization

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Situation Awareness

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Controlled Islanding

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System Integrity Protection Schemes

(SIPS)

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ECSSPS RAS SIPS

WAMPACS

WAMS WACS WAPS

PART OF

SMART GRIDS



Line Differential Protection

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Communications Interface

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Bus Differential Protection

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CommunicationSystem

DiagramRegionalNetwork

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UtilityNetwork

ProxyServer

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Name

ObjectNameObjectReference

SubstationSub-Network

SubstationNetwork

SubstationSub-Network

Legacy

Network

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PMU Server1..*1 1..*

PMU Server1..*1 1..*

PDC Client/Server1..*1 1..*

PDC Client/Server1..*1

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SPDC Client/Server1..*1 1..*



Time Synchronization Classes

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Transfer Time Classes

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PMU Test With Test Set and GPSReceiver



Documents

04 Synchrophasors