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Early Childhood: Age 2 to 6 Biosocial Development
08-Early Childhood: Age 2 to 6 Biosocial Development
Body ChangesGrowthBody slims down taller & thinnerCenter of gravity lowersEnables swinging, gymnastics, etc.
NutritionOverweight children= overweight adultsDiabetesHeart disease
Cavities & gum diseaseEarly tooth decay = most common disease in young children in developed countriesHarms permanent teethJaw malformation, speechOverall healthBrain developmentMyelinationMyelin coating of axonsSpeeds brain processingFocused on the motor and sensory areas
Corpus callosumConnects right and left hemispheresIncreases communication between both sides of the brainIncreases coordinationLateralizationEach side specializing
Left hemisphere controls right sideLeft is language & speechLeft is logicalDetailed analysisDetail focusedRight hemisphere controls left sideCreativeEmotionalBig picture focusedAll thinking required both sides of the brainPrefrontal cortexExecutive brainPlanning, analyzing, prioritizingImmaturity = Impulsiveness & tendency to persevere (keep repeating)E.g. Are we there yet?Longest period of developmentMatures during adolescenceEmotionsBased on the limbic systemAmygdalaHippocampusHypothalamusAid in emotional expression and control
AmygdalaRegisters positive & negative emotionsRelated to night terrorsChildren model after parents
HippocampusMemoryCan work with amygdala to recall emotions
HypothalamusProduces hormones to activate parts of the body in response to signals from the amygdala and hippocampus.E.g. stress and the fight or flight syndrome
Motor skillsGrossLarge musclesE.g. riding a bike, swinging, kicking a ballFineSmall musclesWriting, drawing, pouring juiceGirls tend to develop 6 mos. Earlier than boys
Injuries and abuseThree levels of prevention for avoidable injuriesPrimary preventionPreventing a high risk situation from ever existingE.g. Sidewalks and overpassesSecondary preventionReducing the risk in an existing high risk situationSalt on roadsCrossing guardsTertiary preventionReducing damage after injuryEmergency room proceduresChild maltreatmentChild abuseDeliberate physical, emotional, or sexual harmChild neglectFailure to meet physical or emotional needsLaw required reporting suspected maltreatmentSymptoms of maltreatmentInjuriesFantasy play violence & sexualHostilityImpulsive reactionsE.g. CringingFear of caregiverHypervigilance