1

2

OrganelleOrganelless

Very small size

Can only be observed under a microscope

Have specific functions

Found throughout cytoplasm

3

Organelles Found in Cells

Examples of Organelles include:

Cell Wall – gives the cell its shape

Cell Membrane – regulates what goes in and out of the cell

Nucleus - Control center of the cell

Nucleolus - makes ribosomes

Cytoplasm – Jelly-like substance that fills the cell.

4

Organelles Found in Cells

Organelles continued:

Mitochondria – Powerhouse of the cell

Ribosomes – produce proteins for the cell

Endoplasmic reticulum (rough & smooth) – canals for movement

Golgi Bodies – wrap & export proteins

Lysosomes – digests & gets rid of wastes

5

Nonliving layer

Gives structure and shape to bacteria, plant and fungus cells.

Cell wall (not all cells)

Cell WallCell Wall

6

Lies immediately against the cell wall in plant cells

Made of protein and phospholipids

Selectively permeable

Cell membrane

Plasma MembranePlasma Membrane

7

Living layer

Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell;

Cell membrane

Cell or Plasma Cell or Plasma MembraneMembrane

8

Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane;

Make up a little more than half of the cells volume;

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm of a Cytoplasm of a Cell Cell

9

Contains organelles to carry out specific jobs

Examples:

chloroplast & chloroplast & mitochondrionmitochondrion

Cytoplasm

More on More on CytoplasmCytoplasm

10

Controls the normal Controls the normal activities of the activities of the cellcell

Contain the DNAContain the DNA

Contains chromosomesContains chromosomes

Bounded by a Bounded by a nuclear nuclear membranemembrane

Control Organelle

Nucleus

11

Each cell has fixed number of chromosomes that carry genes;

Genes control cell characteristics

Nucleus

More on the More on the NucleusNucleus

12

Nucleolus• Cell may have Cell may have 1 1

to 3to 3 nucleoli nucleoli• Inside nucleusInside nucleus• DisappearsDisappears when when

cell dividescell divides• Makes ribosomesMakes ribosomes

that make that make proteinsproteins

13

Rod shape

Site of Cellular respiration

Cell PowerhouseCell Powerhouse

Mitochondrion( mitochondria )

14

Cellular respiration

MitochondriaMitochondria

C6H12O6 + 6O2 Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O

Carbon Dioxide

WaterGlucose(sugar)

Oxygen

ATP = Energy

15

C6H12O6 + 6O2 Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O

Carbon Dioxide

WaterGlucose(sugar)

Oxygen

Cellular respiration

By regulating cellular By regulating cellular respiration, Mitochondria respiration, Mitochondria regulate the amount of regulate the amount of

energy produced by the cellenergy produced by the cell

16

Prodution of ProteinsProdution of ProteinsRibosomes

“Where they are made”

Site of Protein Synthesis

17

Endoplasmic ReticulumFunctions in the Functions in the delivery of delivery of materials from materials from one part of the one part of the cell to anothercell to another

For example, For example, delivery of lipids and delivery of lipids and hormones produced hormones produced

by the cell to the by the cell to the cell membrane for cell membrane for

excretionexcretion

18

Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumSmooth ER

lacks ribosomes & involved in the production & storage of lipids

Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface & makes proteins to EXPORT

19

Golgi Bodies• Stacks of Stacks of flattened flattened

sacssacs• Have a shipping side Have a shipping side

& a receiving side& a receiving side• Receive & Receive & packages packages

proteinsproteins made by ER made by ER• Transport vesiclesTransport vesicles

with modified with modified proteins pinch off proteins pinch off the endsthe ends

Transport

vesicle

20

Lysosome• Contain digestive Contain digestive

enzymesenzymes• Break down food and Break down food and

worn out cell parts worn out cell parts for cells for cells

• Programmed for cell Programmed for cell death (lyse & release death (lyse & release enzymes to break enzymes to break down & recycle cell down & recycle cell parts)parts)

21

Dead layerLarge empty spaces present between cellulose fibers

Freely permeable

Cell wall

Plant CellPlant Cell

22

Plant CellPlant Cell

Made of cellulose which forms very thin fibers

Strong and rigidFound in plant cells

Cell wall

23

Protect and support the enclosed substances (protoplasm)

Give shape to the cell

Cell wall

Plant CellPlant Cell

24

Contain the green pigment chlorophyll

Traps sunlight to make to make sugars (food)

Plant Cell OrganellesPlant Cell Organelles

Chloropla

st

Process called photosynthesis

25

Chloroplast cont.Chloroplast cont.

Photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Light Light EnergyEnergy

Carbon Dioxide

Water Glucose(sugar)

Oxygen

Converts Solar energy into Chemical energy

26

Have a large central vacuole

ContainsSugars, proteins,

minerals, wastes, & pigments

Plant Cell OrganellesPlant Cell Organelles

Vacuole

27

Different kinds of Different kinds of plant cellsplant cells

Onion Epidermal Cells

Root Hair Cell

root hair

Guard Cells

28

mitochondrion

nucleus

glycogen granule

cell membrane

cytoplasm Animal cellAnimal cell

No cell wall or chloroplastStores glycogen in the cytoplasm for food energy

vacuole

29

Animal Cell OrganellesAnimal Cell Organelles

• Near the nucleusNear the nucleus• Paired structuresPaired structures• Help cell divideHelp cell divide

30

Different kinds of Different kinds of animal cellsanimal cells

white blood cell

red blood cell

cheek cells

sperm

nerve cell

muscle cell

Amoeba

Paramecium

31

Similarities between Similarities between plant cells and animal plant cells and animal

cellscellsBoth have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm

Both have a nucleus

Both contain mitochondria

32

Differences between Differences between plant cells and animal plant cells and animal

cellscellsAnimal cells Plant cells

Relatively smaller in

sizeIrregular shape

No cell wall

Relatively larger in size

Regular shapeCell wall present

33

Animal cells Plant cells

Vacuole small or absent

Glycogen as food storage

Nucleus at the center

Large central vacuole

Starch as food storage

Nucleus near cell wall

Differences between Plant Differences between Plant Cells and Animal CellsCells and Animal Cells