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Page 1: 1 © 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved

1© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Page 2: 1 © 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved

2© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Positive Psychology› Positive definition

Abraham Maslow’s “Toward a Psychology of Being” (1960’s)

Hierarchy of needs› Realism› Acceptance

Self-concept Self-esteem

› Autonomy› Authenticity› Capacity for intimacy› Creativity

2

Defining Psychological Health

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3© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

What Psychological Health is Not

Not the same as psychological normality

Mentally normal simply means being close to average

Psychological diversity› Range of ideas, lifestyles and attitudes

“Mentally ill” versus “Mentally healthy”

3

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4© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Meeting Life’s Challenges

Growing Up Psychologically› Developing an adult identity› Developing intimacy› Developing values and purpose in your life

4

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5© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Achieving Healthy Self-Esteem

Developing a Positive Self-Concept› Begins in childhood› Integration› Stability

Meeting Challenges to Self-Esteem› Notice your patterns of thinking› Avoid focusing on the negative› Develop realistic self-talk

Being Less Defensive Being Optimistic

5

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6© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Maintaining Healthy Self-Esteem

Maintaining honest communication› Assertiveness training

Dealing with loneliness Dealing with anger

› Managing your own anger› Dealing with anger in other people

6

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7© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Psychological Disorders

Anxiety Disorders› Simple, or specific, phobia

Fear of something definite Most common and understandable

› Social phobia 15 million Americans Fear of humiliation or embarrassment while

being observed by others› Panic disorders

Sudden unexpected surges in anxiety Rapid and strong heart beat Shortness of breath Loss of physical equilibrium Feeling of losing mental control

7

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Psychological Disorders Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

› Reaction to future threats is to worry › Worries have taken over

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)› Obsessions – recurrent, unwanted thoughts› Compulsions – repetitive, difficult-to-resist actions

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)› Reaction to a severely traumatic event

Treating anxiety disorders› Medication› Psychological interventions

Cognitive-behavioral

8

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9© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Mood Disorders Depression

› Demoralization Feeling of sadness and hopelessness Loss of pleasure in doing usual activities Poor appetite and weight loss Insomnia or disturbed sleep Restlessness or, alternatively, fatigue Thoughts of worthlessness and guilt Trouble concentrating or making decisions Thoughts of death or suicide

› Dysthymic disorder Symptoms for longer than 2 years

› Treating depression Medications, therapy, electroconvulsive therapy Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

9

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10

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Mood Disorders

Mania and Bipolar Disorder› Mania versus bipolar disorder› Treatment

Schizophrenia› Not rare› Uncertainty about causes › General characteristics

Disorganized thoughts Inappropriate emotions Delusions Auditory hallucinations Deteriorating social and work functioning

10

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11

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Getting Help

Self-help› Books› Writing a journal› Religious belief and practice› Social network

Peer counseling and support groups Professional help

› Determine the need › Types of psychotherapy› Choosing a mental health professional

Psychiatrists Clinical psychologists Social workers Licensed counselors Clergy Treatment team

11

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Suicide and Self-Injury

Suicide statistics› Prevalence› Gender› Ethnicity› Age

Self-inflicted injury› Prevalence› Gender› Maladaptive coping strategy› Possible warning sign

12

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Suicide: Warning Signs & Risk Factors

Expressing the wish to be dead or revealing contemplated methods

Increasing social withdrawal/isolation

Sudden inexplicable lightening of mood

History of previous attempts

Suicide by a family member or friend

Readily available means of committing suicide

History of substance abuse or eating disorders

Serious medical problems

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