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© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
JAILS:JAILS:
Way Stations Along the Justice HighwayPhoto © Corbis, used with permission.
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
It takes two years for the nation’s state and federal prison population to turn over once, while the jail population turns over 20 times each year.
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JAILS: Locally operated correctional facilities that confine people before or after conviction.
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TOTAL ADMISSION: The total number of people admitted to jail each year.
AVERAGE DAILY POPULATION: The number of people confined on a specific day.
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FIRST-GENERATION JAILFIRST-GENERATION JAIL
Jail with multiple-occupancy cells or dormitories that line corridors arranged like spokes. Inmate supervision is intermittent; staff must patrol the corridors to observe inmates in their cells.
Photo © Corbis, used with permission.
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
SECOND-GENERATION JAILSECOND-GENERATION JAIL
Jail where staff remain in a secure control booth surrounded by inmate housing areas called pods and surveillance is remote.
Photo © Corbis, used with permission.
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
THIRD-GENERATION JAILTHIRD-GENERATION JAIL
Sometimes called a direct-supervision jail, a jail where inmates are housed in small groups, or pods, staffed 24 hours a day by specially trained officers. Officers interact with inmates to help change behavior. Bars and metal doors are absent, reducing noise and dehumanization.
Photo © Corbis, used with permission.
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
CATEGORY PERCENTAGE Male 88.4 Female 11.6
White 43.8 Black 39.8 Hispanic 14.7 Other 1.6
Convicted 60.0 Unconvicted 40.0
Adults 98.6 Juveniles 1.2
JAIL INMATES:JAIL INMATES: SELECTED CHARACTERISTICSSELECTED CHARACTERISTICS
Gender
Race
Status
Age Group
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
RATED CAPACITY: The number of beds or inmates a rating official assigns to a correctional facility.
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RELEASE ON BAIL: The release of a person upon that person’s financial guarantee to appear in court.
RELEASE ON RECOGNIZANCE: Pretrial release on the defendant’s promise to appear for trial. It requires no cash guarantee.
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
CITATION: Nonfinancial pretrial release similar to a traffic ticket. It binds the defendant to appear in court on a future date.
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SUPERVISED PRETRIAL RELEASE: Nonfinancial pretrial release with more restrictive conditions (e.g., participating in therapeutic or rehabilitative programs, reporting to a pretrial officer, and checking in regularly).
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CONDITIONAL RELEASE: Pretrial release under minimal or moderately restrictive conditions with little monitoring of compliance. It includes ROR, supervised pretrial release, and third-party release.
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ACCREDITATION: Process by which correctional facilities and agencies can measure themselves against nationally adopted standards and through which they can receive formal recognition and accredited status.
JAIL ACCREDITATION: Formal approval of a jail by the American Correctional Association (ACA) and the Commission on Accreditation.
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JAIL INCARCERATION RATES, 1990JAIL INCARCERATION RATES, 1990–2002–2002
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The 25 Largest Local Jail Jurisdictions, MidThe 25 Largest Local Jail Jurisdictions, Mid–2002–2002
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PRIVATIZATION: A contract process that shifts public functions, responsibilities, and capital assets, in whole or in part, from the public sector to the private sector.
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© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
A county must ascertain changing jail usage and the forces at play in its jail system before it can implement effective programs and measures—including the construction of new jails—to alleviate overcrowding.
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
