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7/27/2019 1-Advanced Wind Tunnel Testing of Morphing Aircraft Structures
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Advanced Wind Tunnel Testing ofMorphing Aircraft Structures
Prof J onathan CooperSchool of Engineering,
University of Liverpool
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ACARE 20-20 Vision
EU Aerospace Industry Initiative
50% reduction by 2020 of:aircraft fuel use,emissionsnoiseCombination of approaches neededPropulsionAerodynamics
StructuresMorphing Aircraft Structures havepromise to contribute to objectives
Multidisciplinary approach
http://www.airliners.net/open.file?id=0541868&WxsIERv=Obrvat%20707-123&Wm=0&WdsYXMg=Nzrevpna%20Nveyvarf&QtODMg=Ybf%20Natryrf%20-%20Vagreangvbany%20%28YNK%20%2F%20XYNK%29&ERDLTkt=HFN%20-%20Pnyvsbeavn&ktODMp=Whar%201960&BP=0&WNEb25u=Puneyvr%20Nggreohel&xsIERvdWdsY=A%2A%2A%2A%2A%2A&MgTUQtODMgKE=Na%20byq%20jngreoheare%20hfrf%20zber%20guna%207000%20srrg%20bs%20Ehajnl%2025Y%20nf%20vg%20fgehttyrf%20gb%20trg%20nveobear%20ba%20n%20jnez%20yngr%20zbeavat%20qrcnegher%20gb%20Vqyrjvyq&YXMgTUQtODMgKERD=97866&NEb25uZWxs=2004-03-26%2000%3A00%3A00&ODJ9dvCE=&O89Dcjdg=&static=yes&width=1076&height=656&sok=&photo_nr=5&prev_id=0992640&next_id=04858257/27/2019 1-Advanced Wind Tunnel Testing of Morphing Aircraft Structures
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A Change of Viewpoint
Recent research has started to
consider using aeroelasticeffects rather than fighting
against them
Back to the Future
Ed Pendleton
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Morphing Aircraft
Change aircraft characteristicsto achieve better performanceor enable tasks to be completed
that could not otherwise beachieved
Configuration morphingChange mission in flight
Best shape for point in flightenvelope
Performance morphing
Change on structuralpropertiesStiffness / Camber / Leadingand Trailing Edges
Improve performanceDrag / Roll Control / Loadreduction
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Not a New Idea (1)
All-movabledrag controldevices Active camber control
Active leading edge surfaces
(Lilienthal Vorflgelapparat 1895)
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Not a New Idea (2)Wing warping for roll control
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Some EU Research Projects3AS
wide range of adaptive structural devices
aiming at improved performanceSMorph
reduced drag
morphing designadaptive attachments
smart materials
SADEhigh lift devices
Morphlet
wing tip devices
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Rotating Spars Prototype
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Roll Control Using Rotating Spars
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Adaptive Stiffness AttachmentsAll-moving vertical tailsFin attached via single attachment
Enables greater aeroelastic effectivenessNeed to have adaptive stiffness attachment
Conventional Multiple
Attachment Vertical
Tail
Smaller Shape
Adaptive
Stiffness
Torsional
Axis
All-MovingVertical Tail
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Wind Tunnel Tests
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Adaptive Gust Alleviation Device
Application to Sensorcraft
Further application to winglets
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3AS EuRAM Model
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Current Status
Adaptive Aeroelastic Structures have been shownfeasibility of changing aircraft shape via stiffness
changes
Current work investigating implementation and benefit
for full-scale aircraft.
Demonstrated experimentally on small scale bench,
wind tunnel and RPV structures
Some computational studies on full scale aircraft
(CLEAN SKY) evaluating performance for typicalmissions defining requirements of morphing structures
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Current Demonstrators
Mostly proof of conceptRudimentary or elegant / not practicalNeed to reach higher TRLs
No general performance can be concluded3AS tests at TsAGI have been the largest scale
Transonic Wind Tunnel TestingNeed to investigate / demonstrate morphing applications atflight equivalent dynamic pressures / Reynolds numbers
Aeroelastically scaled wind tunnel model with severalmorphing concepts
Raising the TRL level of morphingValidation of aeroelastic modelling required to optimise
morphing designs
Requirement
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Test conditionsrange of subsonic and transonic Mach numbersdifferent Reynolds numbers
different angles of attackMeasurements for varying morphing parameters
static deflections non contact probes
liftdragpressure distributions (steady and insteady)dynamic response to some initial disturbance
non contact probes / accelerometersstrain gauge measurements
Test Requirements