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Chapter One
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Wellness – Optimal health and vitality…
The Dimensions of Wellness Physical Emotional Intellectual Interpersonal Spiritual Environmental
The six dimensions of wellness are interrelated; each has an effect on the others.
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Wellness: New Health Goals
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Figure 1.1 The wellness continuum
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1900’s versus Today Morbidity rate
The relative incidence of disease among a population… Mortality Rate
The number of deaths in population in a given period of time…
Infectious disease A disease that can spread from person to person…
Chronic disease A disease that develops and continues over a long
period of time… 4
New Opportunities for Taking Charge
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Leading Causes of Death in the United States, 2007 (Table 1.2)Causes of DeathCauses of Death Number Number
of of DeathsDeaths
Heart Disease 616,067
Cancer 562,2875
Stroke 135,952
Chronic Lower respiratory disease
127,924
Unintentional injuries 123,706
Alzheimer's Disease 74,632
Causes of DeathCauses of Death Number Number
of Deathsof Deaths
Diabetes Mellitus 71,382
Influenza & pneumonia
52,717
Kidney disease 46,448
Septicemia (systemic blood infection)
34,828
Suicide 34,598
Chronic liver disease 29,165
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Figure 1.2 Quantity of life versus quality of life
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Table 1.3 Key contributors to death among Americans
Key Contributors
Number of Deaths per year
Percent per year
Tobacco 440,000 18.1
Obesity 112,000 4.6
Alcohol 85,000 3.5
Microbial agents
75,000 3.1
Toxic agents 55,000 2.37
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The Healthy People Initiative Healthy People 2020
Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups
Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors across every stage of life
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The Healthy People Initiative, cont. Healthy Campus 2010
Guidelines of Healthy People 2010 but designed specifically for college students
More than 200 health-related objectives
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Health Issues for Diverse Populations Sex and gender Ethnicity Income and Education Disability Geographic Location Sexual Orientation
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Factors That Influence Wellness Health Habits Heredity/Family History Access to Health Care Taking Personal Responsibility for Your Wellness
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Reaching Wellness through Lifestyle Management Getting Serious About Your Health
Examine your current health habits Choose a target behavior Learn about your target behavior Find help
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Building Motivation to Change Examine the Pros and Cons of Change Boost Self-Efficacy
Locus of control Internal control versus external control
Visualization and self-talk Role models and supportive people Identify and overcome barriers to change
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Enhancing Your Readiness to ChangeThe Transtheoretical, or “Stages of
Change”, Model Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Termination
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Dealing with Relapse Don’t give up Return to a previous stage of the
behavior change process if needed Reevaluate your goals and strategy if necessary
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Developing Skills for Change: Creating a Personalized Plan1. Monitor your behavior and gather data2. Analyze the data and identify patterns3. Be “SMART” about setting goals4. Devise a plan of action
Get what you need Modify your environment Control related habits Reward yourself Involve the people around you Plan for challenges
5. Make a personal contract
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Being Healthy for Life Maintaining good health is an ongoing process Keep informed about the latest health news There are some things you can’t completely
control Heredity Health care Environment
Be active in promoting healthy lifestyles and environmental choices in others
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Chapter One
© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.
