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1
Disaster Management System of the Republic of
Korea
National Institute for Disaster Prevention
The Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs
for theMPAT Conference in Seoul
January 15, 2002
byDugkeun Park, Ph.D.
2
Organization and Functions of MOGAHA
Organization and Mission of Headquarters of
Civil Defense and Disaster Management
○ Disaster Management System
○ Natural Disaster
○ Man-made Disaster
○ Fire Safety
Cooperation with other organizations
Contents
3
Organization and Functions of MOGAHA
4
• Local Autonomy Administration
• Civil Defense & Disaster Management
• National Administration• National Administration
FunctionsFunctions
○ Management of Protocol & State Council, and Awards & Decoration
○ Management of Gov’t Employ- ees & Organization, and Training of Human Resources
○ Responsible for Administrative Efficiency & Informatization
○ Gov’t Archives & Records Services, and Gov’t Building Management Service
○ Support of Local Autonomy System
○ Pursue Sound Local Finances and Local Tax
○ Management of Local Tax Law
○ Management of Civil Defense Regulation & Corps
○ Disaster Prevention and Recovery
○ Firefighting and Emergency Rescue
1. Main Functions
5
Office of Emergency Planning
Office of Emergency Planning
2. OrganizationMinisterMinister
Vice MinisterVice Minister
Office of Public Affairs
Office of Public Affairs
Planning & Management Office
Planning & Management Office
Personnel BureauPersonnel Bureau
Administrative Management Bureau
Administrative Management Bureau
Local Finance & Local Tax Bureau
Local Finance & Local Tax Bureau
Office of Public Service Inspection
Office of Public Service Inspection
Office of Public Information Planning
Office of Public Information Planning
Office of Protocol & State Council
Office of Protocol & State Council
Assistant MinisterAssistant Minister
Headquarters of CDDMHeadquarters of CDDMNational Institute for Disaster PreventionNational Institute for Disaster Prevention
Central Officials’ Training InstituteCentral Officials’ Training Institute
Government Archives & Records ServiceGovernment Archives & Records Service
National Institute of Professional Adm.National Institute of Professional Adm.
Appeals CommissionAppeals Commission
5 Provinces of North Korea5 Provinces of North Korea
Civil Defense & Disaster Management Bureau
Civil Defense & Disaster Management Bureau
Disaster Prevention Bureau
Disaster Prevention Bureau
Fire Administration Bureau
Fire Administration Bureau
6
3. Number of Staff: 2,260
Main Office: 774 ○ 2 Political, 18 Special, 608 Regular, 38 Fire, and 108 Technical
Attached Office: 1,486 ○ 8 Political, 68 Special, 761 Regular, 98 Fire, 11 Contract, 13 Education, Police, and 518 Technical
4. Budget: 14.3 billion (9.2% of the National Budget)
Central: $2.1 bil.(14.6%)
Local Supportive: $12.2 bil. (85.4%) ○ Subsidy : $7.6 billion ○ Concession : $3.9 billion ○ National Aid : $0.5 billion
7
Total Number: 248 ○ 1 Special City, 6 Metropolitan Cities, 9 Provinces, and
232 Municipals
Staffs: 250,822
○ Municipal: 185,549 and Others: 65,273
Budget: $55.5 billion
○ The General Account: $40.5 billion
The Special Account: $15.0 billion
※ Budget Ratio Between Central and Local Government = 69 : 31
Local Governments
8
Organization and Mission of the Headquarters of Civil Defense & Disaster Management
9
1. Organizational Chart
HQ of CDDMHQ of CDDM
DPP BureauDPP BureauCDDM BureauCDDM Bureau FA BureauFA Bureau
Civil Defense &
Planning
Civil Defense &
PlanningDisaster Prevention &
Planning
Disaster Prevention &
Planning
Fire AdministrationFire Administration
Civil Defense
Management
Civil Defense
Management
Disaster
Management
Disaster
Management
Disaster PreparednessDisaster Preparedness
Disaster RehabilitationDisaster Rehabilitation
Fire PreventionFire Prevention
Fire SuppressionFire Suppression
Rescue &
Emergency
Rescue &
Emergency
· Central Civil
Defense Alert Control: 21
· National Institute for Disaster Prevention: 26
· Central Rescue HQ: 4 · National Fire Service Academy: 38 · National 119 Rescue Service: 68
10
Civil Defense & Disaster Management Bureau ○ Management & Education of Civil Defense Corps
○ Countermeasures for Man-made Disasters (explosion, Collapse,
etc.)
Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Bureau ○ Cope with Natural Disasters (Typhoon, Earthquake, Drought, etc.)
○ Operation of the National Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarters when a Disaster Strikes or is Imminent to Occur
Fire Administration Bureau ○ Prevention & Suppression of Fire and Emergency Rescue & Medical Services
2. Mission
11
3. Staffs : 289
Main Office : 167
○ 108 Regular, 38 Fire, 19 Technical, & 2 Special
Attached Office : 122
○ 17 Regular, 98 Fire, & 7 Technical
4. Budget : $ 199 Million
Central Budget : $ 58 Million
Local Supportive Budget : $141 Million
※ In Addition to this, Disaster Recovery Budget of about $880 Million per Year
12
Disaster Management System
of the Republic of Korea
13
Natural
Man-made
Most Urgent to Prevent, Manage,
& Recover in the 1960s since
Majority of Catastrophes were
Natural Disasters, such as
Typhoons & Torrential Rains
Natural
In the Course of Growth-Oriented
Economic Development, Industriali-
zation increased the Potential of Man
-made Disasters, such as Explosion
& Building Collapse
Man-made
Natural DisasterManagement(since 1967)
Man-made Disaster Management(after 1995)
1. System of Disaster Management Development of Dual System for Disaster Management
14
Management System
LegislationLegislation
Recovery
Operation
System
Recovery
Operation
System
Category
Category
• Council of Central Civil Defense (Prime Minister)• National Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures HQ (MOGAHA) Other Ministries • Local DPC HQ (Provinces, Cities)
• Council of Central Civil Defense (Prime Minister)• National Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures HQ (MOGAHA) Other Ministries • Local DPC HQ (Provinces, Cities)
• Typhoon, Flood,
Blizzard,
Drought, Earthquake,
etc.
• Typhoon, Flood,
Blizzard,
Drought, Earthquake,
etc.• NDC Act (Amended on Dec. 7, 1995)
• NDC Act (Amended on Dec. 7, 1995)
ItemItem NaturalNatural Man-madeMan-made
• National SC HQ (Competent Minister)
• Local SC HQ (Provinces, Cities)
※ Action of Emergency Rescue HQ
• National SC HQ (Competent Minister)
• Local SC HQ (Provinces, Cities)
※ Action of Emergency Rescue HQ
• Fire, Explosion, Chemical
Attack,
Oil Spill, etc.
• Fire, Explosion, Chemical
Attack,
Oil Spill, etc.• Disaster Management Act (Enacted on July 18, 1995)
• Disaster Management Act (Enacted on July 18, 1995)
15
2. Natural Disaster
Statistics
○ 7 Flood Damages & 3 Typhoons Each Year
○ Property Damage of $611 Million (0.14% of the GNP) & 142 Deaths
※ Damage and Recovery Cost in the Last 10 Years (1990-1999)
◆ Damage Cost
Death DisplacedInundation
(ha)House Farm Crop Public
Facility Other Total
142 12 41 20 429 108 61137,184 60,475
◆ Recovery Cost
Total National Treasury
Loan
883 82552 149
Self
100
LocalTreasury
< Unit: Million $>
< Unit: Million $>
16
Structural Preventive Measures
ControlProject
ControlProject
• 8 Projects: $9.6 Billion - Dam (8), River Improvement (3,109km), Creek Repair (1,200km), Seawall Repair (1,204), Forestation (560ha), Fishing Port (127), Harbor (13,797m)
• 8 Projects: $9.6 Billion - Dam (8), River Improvement (3,109km), Creek Repair (1,200km), Seawall Repair (1,204), Forestation (560ha), Fishing Port (127), Harbor (13,797m)
Mitigation
Project
Mitigation
Project
• 11 Projects: $21.6 Billion - Road Repair (57,400 ㎞ ), Bridge & Tunnel (4,427), Farmland Infiltration (29,000 ㏊ ), Railway (383), Power Plant & Mine (8,869), Communication Facility, Drought Control (MOAF, ME), Flood Warning System, Aged Fishing Boat,
• 11 Projects: $21.6 Billion - Road Repair (57,400 ㎞ ), Bridge & Tunnel (4,427), Farmland Infiltration (29,000 ㏊ ), Railway (383), Power Plant & Mine (8,869), Communication Facility, Drought Control (MOAF, ME), Flood Warning System, Aged Fishing Boat,
TechnicalProject
TechnicalProject
• 3 Projects: $215 Million - Development of Natural Disaster Mitigation
Techniques, Modernization of Weather Forecast Equipment, Establishment of National Safety Management Information System
• 3 Projects: $215 Million - Development of Natural Disaster Mitigation
Techniques, Modernization of Weather Forecast Equipment, Establishment of National Safety Management Information System
2. Natural Disaster
○ Investment of $34.4 Billion on 22 Projects Based on the Fifth Basic Disaster Prevention Plan from 1997 2001∼ ○ Investment of $34.4 Billion on 22 Projects Based on the Fifth Basic Disaster Prevention Plan from 1997 2001∼
17
Non-structural Preventive Measures in Enforced
2. Natural Disaster
Disaster Prevention
Plan
Disaster Prevention
Plan
• Basic Plan: Established Every 5 Years (Currently the 5th is Acting)
• Implementation Plan: Every Year (National, Local)
• Basic Plan: Established Every 5 Years (Currently the 5th is Acting)
• Implementation Plan: Every Year (National, Local)
Disaster
Impact
Assessment
Disaster
Impact
Assessment
• For Urban, Industrial Complex, & Other Development Larger than 1.8 ㎢ since 1996
• Study for the “Pre-consideration Regulation” to Cover Smaller Area
• For Urban, Industrial Complex, & Other Development Larger than 1.8 ㎢ since 1996
• Study for the “Pre-consideration Regulation” to Cover Smaller Area
Disaster
Provision
Disaster
Provision
• Period: From March to May Every Year
• Contents - Maintenance of Disaster Prone Areas & Facilities - Management of Large Construction Site, Reservation Equipment for Emergency Relief, Preparation of Shelters
• Period: From March to May Every Year
• Contents - Maintenance of Disaster Prone Areas & Facilities - Management of Large Construction Site, Reservation Equipment for Emergency Relief, Preparation of Shelters
18
Non-structural Preventive Measures in Enforced
2. Natural Disaster
Designation
of
“Off-
Limits”
Area
Designation
of
“Off-
Limits”
Area
• To Expedite First-aid Assistance & Order
Evacuation Saving Lives in Public Area
• Status : 169 Sites in 13 Cities & Provinces
- 51 Gorges, 38 Rivers, 36 Coastal Areas, 44 Others
• To Expedite First-aid Assistance & Order
Evacuation Saving Lives in Public Area
• Status : 169 Sites in 13 Cities & Provinces
- 51 Gorges, 38 Rivers, 36 Coastal Areas, 44 Others
Earthquake
Damage
Mitigation
Earthquake
Damage
Mitigation
• Strengthen Resistance Design Code for 20 Structu
res
- 12 (Nuclear Power Plant, High Rise BLD) by 1999
- 8 Structures (City Railway, etc.) by 2000
• Survey of Existing Structures’ Resistance
- Retrofitting Standard (2000∼2002)
• Strengthen Resistance Design Code for 20 Structu
res
- 12 (Nuclear Power Plant, High Rise BLD) by 1999
- 8 Structures (City Railway, etc.) by 2000
• Survey of Existing Structures’ Resistance
- Retrofitting Standard (2000∼2002)
19
Strengthen
Disaster Inf
ormation C
onveyance
Strengthen
Disaster Inf
ormation C
onveyance
• Automated Disaster Status Compilation System - Automatic Data Compilation of 232 Districts
• Installation of Automated Rainfall Warning System - Completed in 15 Sites out of 115 Sites
• Portable Disaster Image Transmission System - Operation in 232 District of 16 Cities & Provinces
• Simultaneous Voice Command Telephone System - Completed in 46 out of 232 Districts
• Development of Emergency Broadcasting System - Focusing on Automatic On-Off Device for TV & Radio
• Automated Disaster Status Compilation System - Automatic Data Compilation of 232 Districts
• Installation of Automated Rainfall Warning System - Completed in 15 Sites out of 115 Sites
• Portable Disaster Image Transmission System - Operation in 232 District of 16 Cities & Provinces
• Simultaneous Voice Command Telephone System - Completed in 46 out of 232 Districts
• Development of Emergency Broadcasting System - Focusing on Automatic On-Off Device for TV & Radio
Non-structural Preventive Measures in Enforced
2. Natural Disaster
20
• Feasibility Study for Insurance Program
- Contract Unit, Type, Purpose, Coverage,
Role of the Government, etc.
• Background Preparation for Implementation
- Regulation Setup for Introduction and Operation of
the Insurance Program, etc.
• Feasibility Study for Insurance Program
- Contract Unit, Type, Purpose, Coverage,
Role of the Government, etc.
• Background Preparation for Implementation
- Regulation Setup for Introduction and Operation of
the Insurance Program, etc.
Preparation
of the Flood
Map
Preparation
of the Flood
Map
• Systematic Management of Flood Map and Previous Inundation Record
• Manual for Field Survey of Disaster Damage
• Database Computer System for Each River Basin
• Systematic Management of Flood Map and Previous Inundation Record
• Manual for Field Survey of Disaster Damage
• Database Computer System for Each River Basin
Introduction
of Natural D
isaster Insur
ance
Introduction
of Natural D
isaster Insur
ance
2. Natural Disaster
Non-structural Preventive Measures in Planning
21
2. Natural Disaster
Retention &
Infiltration
of Rainfall
Retention &
Infiltration
of Rainfall
• Researches on Rainfall Retention & Infiltration Facility Installation Method
• Deploy Pilot Facilities and Prepared Regulations fo
r Implementation
• Researches on Rainfall Retention & Infiltration Facility Installation Method
• Deploy Pilot Facilities and Prepared Regulations fo
r Implementation
Improve Sur
vey & Recov
ery Procedu
res for Publi
c Facilities
Improve Sur
vey & Recov
ery Procedu
res for Publi
c Facilities
• Improvement of Disaster Recovery System
• Improvement of Damage Estimation Method
• Development of SOP for Preparedness, etc.
• Improvement of Disaster Recovery System
• Improvement of Damage Estimation Method
• Development of SOP for Preparedness, etc.
Non-structural Preventive Measures in Planning
22
Disaster Status Control
Three Shifts round-the-clock with 4 Staffs Each
- 3 from MOGAHA & 1 from KMA
Three Shifts round-the-clock with 4 Staffs Each
- 3 from MOGAHA & 1 from KMA
Normal Period
Normal Period
Disaster
Preparedness
Period
(June 15∼October 15)
Disaster
Preparedness
Period
(June 15∼October 15)
Normal Situation : 6 staffs on 24-hour shifts - 3 from MOGAHA & 3 from KMA, KEPC, & KWRC
Emergency Situation
○ Preparatory Phase (Heavy Rainfall or Typhoon Advisory) ☞ 16 Staffs - 13 from MOGAHA & 3 Related Agencies
○ Alert Phase (Heavy Rainfall or Typhoon Warning) ☞ 34 Staffs - 20 from MOGAHA & 14 Related Agencies
○ Emergency Phase (Nationwide Disaster) ☞ 52 Staffs - 29 from MOGAHA & 23 Related Agencies
※ Similar Operation in Local Headquarters
2. Natural Disaster
23
2. Natural Disaster
Disaster Response
Relevant Ministries& Corporations
i.e., Korean Meteo-rological Agency
(Satellite Imagery),Min. of Defense,Korea Red Cross,
etc.
National Disaster Prevention and
CountermeasuresHeadquarters
Municipal/ProvincialDisaster
Countermeasures HQ
City/County/DistrictDisaster
Countermeasures HQ
Occurrence of Disaster
Cooperation
Order
Order
Report
Report
- General nationwide supervision of disaster status control- Emergency measures and support for urgent issues- Restoration planning
- Collection of overall information on the status of disasters in a city /county/district- Command of emergency measures and urgent condition control
- Collection of overall information on the status of disasters in such administrative units as an eup, myon and dong- Command of emergency measures and urgent condition control- Restoration planning
24
3. Man-made Disaster
Statistics (1995 1998)∼
Fire 123.829,218 2,230
Wildfire 4.7487 30
Collapse 70.0195 555
Transportation Accident
17.1335 371
Average 82.031,852 39,720
Environmental Contamination
401.5252,157 350,571
Sea Accident
24.077 8
Others
Explosion
27.9583 1,027
68.53,619 2,690
ItemItemItemItem OccurrenceOccurrenceOccurrenceOccurrence DeathDeathDeathDeath DamageDamageDamageDamage
< Unit: Million $>
25
Preventive Measures
Management
of Dangerous
Facilities
Management
of Dangerous
Facilities
• Checking Bridges & House Every Year
• Classification as Class A, B, C, D, & E,
and Classes D & E are Checked Every Month
• Checking Bridges & House Every Year
• Classification as Class A, B, C, D, & E,
and Classes D & E are Checked Every MonthExercise and
Drill
Exercise and
Drill• Field Exercise and Disaster Games according to Disaster Type• Field Exercise and Disaster Games according to Disaster Type
Public
Campaign
Public
Campaign• Support Safety Culture Movement of NGOs to Promote Public Participation & Awareness• Support Safety Culture Movement of NGOs to Promote Public Participation & Awareness
Database
Management
Database
Management• Database for Facility Status & Checking Point as Part of Nat. Safety Management Information System
• Database for Facility Status & Checking Point as Part of Nat. Safety Management Information System
3. Man-made Disaster
26
4. Fire Safety
Fire Suppression
○ StatisticsItem
OccurrenceDeath
Damage (m$)
29,4722,195121.7
32,6642,284159.7
33,8562,370166.4
1997 1998 1999
Rescue and Emergency Medical Service
○ Life Saving and Serving People by 119 Rescue Squad Daily Average (1999): 226 Rescued and 2,607 used EMS Transportation
★ 119 International Activities ○ Cambodian Airline Crash in 1997, Turkey & Taiwan Earthquakes in 1999
※ Daily Average (1999): 93 Fires, 6.5 Death, $0.5 million※ Daily Average (1999): 93 Fires, 6.5 Death, $0.5 million
27
Fire Service Academy
National 119 Rescue
Organization
Fire Administration Bureau
Provincial Headquarters
Fire Department (140)
Fire Station (728)
Local Academy (5)Aviation Corps (11)
Rescue Team (143)
Rescue Squad (1,052)
4. Fire Safety
28
Preventive Projects
○ Fire Safety Inspection as Preventive Measures:
- 5,646 Sites including Factories, Hotels, & etc.
○ Strengthen 119 Capabilities for Improved Fire Suppression
& Emergency Rescue
- Expand Fire Posts: 26 (2 Fire Stations, 3 Police Boxes, 11 Squad) - 69 Fire Engines, 139 Rescue Equipment - Distribute Beepers for Old Solitaries for Emergency Call
○ Reinforce Communication & Information System - Strengthen Cable & Wireless Communication System - Establish Emergency Rescue Information System · Pilot System in Chungbuk Province → Nationwide
4. Fire Safety
29
Cooperation with other
Organizations
30
1. Korean NGOs Citizens’ Assembly for Safe Live
2. International Cooperation UN/ISDR following UN/IDNDR UN/ESCAP, WMO Typhoon Committee ADRC ADPC COE, PDC, FEMA, the Northeast Asia Forum and etc.
3. Other Governmental Element 23 competent agencies including the Ministry of
Defense for Disaster Situation Control Regular Cooperation for Civil Defense Drill
END