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NETE4631Course Wrap-up and Benefits,

Challenges, Risks

Lecture Notes #15

Class Overview

Introduction to Cloud computing and its impact on organizations, businesses, and society

Models of Cloud computing offerings (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS) and deployment (public, private, hybrid)

Strengthens and weaknesses of different types of Clouds (public, private, hybrid) Approaches

Foundation of Cloud systems’ architectures Patterns and tactics for designing Cloud-based

service oriented systems

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Class Overview (2)

Overview of Security and privacy challenges and solutions for Cloud-based systems

Designing and Assessing strategies for migration to Clouds

Managing, administering, monitoring, and supporting Cloud-based systems

Benefits, challenges, and risks of Cloud Computing

Evaluation and Comparison of proprietary and Open Source Cloud-based Solutions, e.g., EC2, Google AppEngine, Azure, Eucalyptus, and Hadoop.

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What is Cloud Computing? “Cloud computing is a model for enabling

convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.” (A definition by the US National institute of standards and technology (NIST))

Some of the characteristics Distributed computing at a massive scale On demand elasticity Exploiting existing technologies (Grid, Utility,

Virtualization) Pay per use model Driven by economies of scale

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Main Aspects of a Cloud System

Designing Cloud-based Applications

Design Requirements Scalable and Reliable (99.99% availability); fast? Inexpensive because of using commodity hardware Simple –combining scalability, reliability, speed and

inexpensiveness with simplicity is a challenge Migration

Which application or data to move in clouds? Functionality Mapping

Analysis of critical features of application-------------- where to deploy the application------------ Analysis of features supported by cloud provider

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Benefits Scalability

Unlimited computer resources as needed Elasticity

Ability to right-size resources as required Simplicity and low barrier to entry

Simplified technical and access to business Utility

Match resources to need on an ongoing basis

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Benefits (2)

Knowledgeable vendors Highly reputable and knowledgeable

vendor in the business Security

With expert vendors, your data may be more secure but no guarantee, so do your homework well

Centralized data/ Reduced data loss/Monitoring/ Instant swap-over/ Logging/ Secure builds/ Improved software security/ Security testing

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Case Study on Oil & Gas Industry

The migration use-case of an IT System From a company’s in-house data

center To Amazon EC2

9System Overview

System Deployed in the Cloud

Infrastructure costs Company C paid £104,000 to Company B

for the system in 2005, £19,400 of which was for the system’s infrastructure.

In addition, C paid B £43,000 per year for system support and maintenance, £3600 of which is for the running costs of the system infrastructure.

Over a 5 year period, the total cost of the system infrastructure is therefore: £19,400 + (5 x £3,600) = £37000

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Price Comparision Amazon EC2 provides an option of using

either small or large server instances depending on the amount of CPU power and RAM required.

In Cloud, 37% cheaper compared to 1 small and 1 large server instance

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Support and Maintenance

In 2005, 218 Support calls have been made regarding the operation of the system.

The majority were about software problems. 45 calls were related to the system’s

infrastructure. 38 calls – backup problems 5 calls – network problems 2 calls – power outages at B

In cloud – 21% eliminated

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Stakeholders’ Impact Analysis

Stakeholders’ impact analysis is a method of identifying potential sources of benefits and risks from the perspectives of multiple stakeholders.

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Some potential constraints

Sensitive information Cloud may not be for extremely

private and sensitive data Encrypt your data before handing over to

someone else such as using PGP Government can easily get information

from third party Google can share data with government if

its lawful request Read and understand the terms and

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Security Concerns

Security are primary questions!!! Privacy concerns with a third party Do whatever appropriate to secure your data

Vendor would do their best but you should do yours Hackers

Identify and understand the potential motives of hackers

Assess the security measures based on the motives

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Early and New Cloud Applications

(1) Compute Cloud Access to highly scalable, inexpensive, on-demand computing

resources (2) Cloud Storage

Outsourcing storage solution (3) Cloud-based Applications

Cloud infrastructure is utilized for multi-instance, multi-tenant applications

Software application delivered through web browsers Example

Collaboration, data analysis, Mobility, Backup Apps

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Cloud computing not suitable!

Latency concerns and throughput demands Hard real time applications may not use clouds Bandwidth hungry applications may be quite

expensive to run in clouds Software and Hardware dependencies

Applications requiring specialized software or hardware such as chipsets

Cost Depending, cloud bursting may be suitable

Lack of need If you don’t need it, don’t try them out

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Cloud computing not suitable!

Integration with existing applications Cloud and non-cloud applications may

create problems Geopolitical concerns

No one known which privacy and protection laws apply

Legislative issues Stored Communications Act enables FBI to

access data without a warrant or the owner’s consent

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Learning Outcome

Describe different concepts and mechanisms underpinning Cloud computing and its potential impacts on businesses.

Provide a detailed description of technologies and approaches enabling Cloud computing such as service-orientation, Internet infrastructures, virtualization, distributed computing, multi-tenancy, resource provisioning techniques, and protocols.

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Learning Outcome (2)

Evaluate and select an appropriate public cloud provider by applying the theoretical concepts and practical techniques from the course.

Analyse and explain key aspects of building for and/or migrating systems to Cloud such as costs involved, potential benefits, security issues, regulatory concerns, and standards.

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References

Chapter 2 of Course Book: Cloud Computing Bible, 2011, Wiley Publishing Inc.

Cloud Migration: A Case Study of Migrating an Enterprise IT System to IaaS, Khajeh-Hosseini, A., Greenwood, D., Sommerville, I., 2009

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