11

Post-Civil War:Post-Civil War:Reconstruction (1865-Reconstruction (1865-

1877)1877)

22

After the War:After the War:

• In much of the South: farms In much of the South: farms destroyed…bitterness & destroyed…bitterness & resentmentresentment

• The country needed to be healedThe country needed to be healed

33

44

Richmond – the Confederate Richmond – the Confederate capitalcapital

55

ReconstructionReconstruction

• the era of the era of reuniting the reuniting the nation and nation and rebuilding the rebuilding the southern states southern states without slavery.without slavery.

66

What needed to be What needed to be reconstructed?reconstructed?

• Cities, towns and farms Cities, towns and farms = ruined= ruined

• Crop failures and high Crop failures and high priced food = starvationpriced food = starvation

• Confederate economy = Confederate economy = in ruinsin ruins

• Where would the freed Where would the freed people go and what people go and what would they do?would they do?

77

Lincoln’s “10% plan”Lincoln’s “10% plan”

• A “gentle” approach to reunite the country A “gentle” approach to reunite the country as quickly & painlessly as possibleas quickly & painlessly as possible

• Offered to pardon southerners for all illegal Offered to pardon southerners for all illegal acts during the rebellion (Civil War) acts during the rebellion (Civil War) IF:IF:

1.1. Swear oath of loyalty to U.S.Swear oath of loyalty to U.S.2.2. Agree slavery was illegalAgree slavery was illegal• Once 10% of voters in a state did these 2 Once 10% of voters in a state did these 2

things, they could form a new gov’t & again things, they could form a new gov’t & again be part of the U.S.be part of the U.S.

88

The Congressional The Congressional PlanPlan•Republicans in Congress argued Republicans in Congress argued

that the Congress should have a say that the Congress should have a say in how the South was reconstructedin how the South was reconstructed

•The The Radical Republicans Radical Republicans thought thought Lincoln’s plan did not punish the Lincoln’s plan did not punish the South enough, so they came up South enough, so they came up with their own plan: with their own plan:

the Wade-Davis Billthe Wade-Davis Bill

99

The Wade-Davis BillThe Wade-Davis Bill

1.1. Each state had to ban slaveryEach state had to ban slavery

2.2. 50% of voters (adult males) in that 50% of voters (adult males) in that state had to take a loyalty oathstate had to take a loyalty oath

3.3. Only Southerners that swore they Only Southerners that swore they had never supported the had never supported the Confederacy could vote or hold Confederacy could vote or hold officeoffice

-President Lincoln vetoed this bill-President Lincoln vetoed this bill

1010

AssassinationAssassination• April 14, 1865- Lincoln went to a play at April 14, 1865- Lincoln went to a play at

Ford’s Theater (5 days after war over)Ford’s Theater (5 days after war over)

• Southerner John Wilkes Booth sneaks Southerner John Wilkes Booth sneaks into Lincoln’s box & shoots himinto Lincoln’s box & shoots him

• Lincoln died next day, his Vice-Lincoln died next day, his Vice-

President, President, Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson was was sworn insworn in

1111

The new President:The new President:Andrew JohnsonAndrew Johnson

• A DEMOCRATA DEMOCRAT• former slave former slave

holderholder

1212

Lincoln Conspirators Lincoln Conspirators Hanged!Hanged!

1313

Reconstruction under Andrew Reconstruction under Andrew JohnsonJohnson• Continued Lincoln’s plansContinued Lincoln’s plans

• Pardoned 1,000’s of ex-ConfedsPardoned 1,000’s of ex-Confeds

• Approved new state constitutions in southern state Approved new state constitutions in southern state (many written by ex-Confeds)(many written by ex-Confeds)

• Congress passed 13Congress passed 13th,th,1414th, th, and 15th Amendments and 15th Amendments

1313thth: Abolish slavery: Abolish slavery

1414thth: made former slaves citizens: made former slaves citizens

1515thth: gave freed men right to : gave freed men right to votevote

1414

Reaction by southern Reaction by southern whites:whites:•““black codes”: black codes”: laws to restrict laws to restrict

freedom of freed men (e.g., illegal to freedom of freed men (e.g., illegal to testify v. whites, illegal to be testify v. whites, illegal to be unemployed)unemployed)

• Widespread acts of violenceWidespread acts of violence

•Ku Klux Klan bornKu Klux Klan born - (ex-Confed. - (ex-Confed. Nathan Bedford ForrestNathan Bedford Forrest))

1515

Military ReconstructionMilitary Reconstruction

• To curb violence and corruption, To curb violence and corruption, south divided into 5 military south divided into 5 military districtsdistricts

• Law ‘n order maintained by U.S. Law ‘n order maintained by U.S. ArmyArmy

1616

End of ReconstructionEnd of Reconstruction

• Disputed vote count in 1876 Disputed vote count in 1876 Presidential electionPresidential election

• Democrats conceded victory to Democrats conceded victory to Republicans (U.S. Grant) in Republicans (U.S. Grant) in exchange for complete withdrawal exchange for complete withdrawal of fed’l troops in the southof fed’l troops in the south