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PUBLIC SPEAKINGPUBLIC SPEAKING

Delivering effective Delivering effective presentationspresentations

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RHETORICRHETORIC

The art of persuasionThe art of persuasion

What are the ingredients of a What are the ingredients of a presentation that inspires or touches presentation that inspires or touches you? you?

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BECOMING A GOOD SPEAKERBECOMING A GOOD SPEAKER

Public speaking is a career. You learn Public speaking is a career. You learn by doing. by doing.

We’re going to provide you with the We’re going to provide you with the basics. basics.

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TRAINERTRAINER The word TRAIN derives from:The word TRAIN derives from: ““Instruct, discipline, teach," 1540s, Instruct, discipline, teach," 1540s,

from from train (n.), probably from earlier (n.), probably from earlier sense of "sense of "draw out and manipulate draw out and manipulate in order to bring to a desired in order to bring to a desired formform" (late 14c.) (online ethimology " (late 14c.) (online ethimology dictionary) dictionary)

To perform a good training activity you To perform a good training activity you need to know the form or shape you’d need to know the form or shape you’d like to give to the people attending.like to give to the people attending.

In other words, what are you In other words, what are you expecting them to do after the expecting them to do after the training? How do you want them to training? How do you want them to be? be?

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WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? Communication is the act of sending a Communication is the act of sending a

message which “gets people message which “gets people to act”to act”. .

Transferring an idea without getting Transferring an idea without getting people to act is not communication, people to act is not communication, but it is just talk. but it is just talk.

The people in your audience normally The people in your audience normally already know what they should be already know what they should be doing. Your skill is igniting the spark doing. Your skill is igniting the spark which gets them to action!which gets them to action!

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THE IMPORTANCE OF THE IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

Once we’ve got an idea to communicate Once we’ve got an idea to communicate to a public, we need to understand that to a public, we need to understand that the same basics applicable to “one on the same basics applicable to “one on one communication” also apply to one communication” also apply to communicating to an audience. communicating to an audience.

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THE AUDIENCE IS THE AUDIENCE IS NOT A GENERALITY NOT A GENERALITY

You do not talk to the whole room, but You do not talk to the whole room, but to every single person in the audience. to every single person in the audience.

If in the room there are 20 people, you If in the room there are 20 people, you have 20 simultaneous communication have 20 simultaneous communication cycles. cycles.

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SUCCESS OF A SPEAKERSUCCESS OF A SPEAKER

ASSUMING THAT THE INFORMATION ASSUMING THAT THE INFORMATION GIVEN BY THE SPEAKER IS VALUABLE, GIVEN BY THE SPEAKER IS VALUABLE, HIS SUCCESS DEPENDS ON:HIS SUCCESS DEPENDS ON:

50% 50% PERSONALITYPERSONALITY

50% 50% TECHNICAL ASPECTSTECHNICAL ASPECTS OF HOW OF HOW HE IMPARTS THE INFORMATIONHE IMPARTS THE INFORMATION

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TECHNICAL ASPECTS TECHNICAL ASPECTS Technical aspects include: Technical aspects include:

PREPARING THE ROOM FOR THE PREPARING THE ROOM FOR THE PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION

INTERACTING WITH THE AUDIENCE (A INTERACTING WITH THE AUDIENCE (A silent audience is dangerous). silent audience is dangerous).

PREPARING THE PRESENTATION PREPARING THE PRESENTATION

HANDLING THE MEDIA (flipchart, ppt, etc)HANDLING THE MEDIA (flipchart, ppt, etc)

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SETTING UP THE ROOM (HALL) SETTING UP THE ROOM (HALL)

Arrive early to ensure everything is under Arrive early to ensure everything is under control and to acclimate to the place. control and to acclimate to the place.

ROOM ARRANGEMENT: arrange the room in the ROOM ARRANGEMENT: arrange the room in the most proper way for the event. Try not to put most proper way for the event. Try not to put barriers between you and the audience. barriers between you and the audience.

STARTING TIME: Try to stick as closely as STARTING TIME: Try to stick as closely as possible to the established schedules. But DO possible to the established schedules. But DO NOT start if most of the attendee’s have not NOT start if most of the attendee’s have not arrived yet. They would disturb the arrived yet. They would disturb the presentation.presentation.

Every 1 hour and 45 minutes you must call a Every 1 hour and 45 minutes you must call a break. break.

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INTERACTING INTERACTING WITH THE AUDIENCEWITH THE AUDIENCE

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HOW SHOULD YOU HOW SHOULD YOU HANDLE THE AUDIENCE? HANDLE THE AUDIENCE?

First of all the speaker should feel First of all the speaker should feel himself himself the causethe cause (source) of (source) of whatever happens with the audience whatever happens with the audience and of how each person in the and of how each person in the audience is behaving. audience is behaving.

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INTERACTING WITH THE AUDIENCEINTERACTING WITH THE AUDIENCE

CONTINUOS INFORMAL VERIFICATION: Look people in CONTINUOS INFORMAL VERIFICATION: Look people in the eyes.the eyes.

FUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCY: Repeat the concepts FUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCY: Repeat the concepts several times. For people to remember it after one several times. For people to remember it after one month, you have to repeat something at least 14 month, you have to repeat something at least 14 times during your presentation. times during your presentation.

FIL-ROUGE FIL-ROUGE SHORT INTRODUCTION – ANALYSIS – SUMMARY:“Say SHORT INTRODUCTION – ANALYSIS – SUMMARY:“Say

what you want to say, say it, what you want to say, say it, say what you have say what you have saidsaid”. ”.

EMOTIONAL LEARNING: Communicate information EMOTIONAL LEARNING: Communicate information with emotionswith emotions

HANDLING THE QUESTIONS: Answer HANDLING THE QUESTIONS: Answer each questioneach question TWO-WAY COMMUNICATION: Keep interaction with TWO-WAY COMMUNICATION: Keep interaction with

the audiencethe audience

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EXERCISEEXERCISE

Prepare and give a short speech: A Prepare and give a short speech: A Successful Action or Best Practice in Successful Action or Best Practice in your job. your job.

The speech is aimed at the people in The speech is aimed at the people in the room at this time. the room at this time.

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INTERACTING WITH THE AUDIENCEINTERACTING WITH THE AUDIENCE Ask frequent questions and do write the answers on Ask frequent questions and do write the answers on

the flipchart. the flipchart. Give a concept and ask them how they would use it. Give a concept and ask them how they would use it. Use frequently “In your opinion…?” Use frequently “In your opinion…?” Sometimes try to make them reach the conclusion Sometimes try to make them reach the conclusion

or discover the informationor discover the information Include exercisesInclude exercises The Point: keep people awake. Optimum The Point: keep people awake. Optimum

communication requires 50% of the time speaking communication requires 50% of the time speaking and the other 50% listening. If there is too much and the other 50% listening. If there is too much “incoming communication” people fall asleep.“incoming communication” people fall asleep.

Do not necessarily follow the entire program. If a Do not necessarily follow the entire program. If a certain part captures the audience, you can even cut certain part captures the audience, you can even cut short the original program. short the original program.

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EXERCISEEXERCISE Prepare and hold a speech: A Prepare and hold a speech: A

successful action or best practice in successful action or best practice in sellingselling

What do you want people TO DO as a result your presentation (= Message)

Prepare an introduction and questions to “open up” the audience.

Write the ending.

Rehearse the key points of the speech. Rehearse the key points of the speech.

SECOND DAY

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KEY DATA ON INTERACTING WITH KEY DATA ON INTERACTING WITH A SMALL AUDIENCE (UP TO 40)A SMALL AUDIENCE (UP TO 40)

A SILENT AUDIENCE IS DANGEROUSA SILENT AUDIENCE IS DANGEROUS THE AUDIENCE SHOULD SPEAK AT LEAST 50% OF THE AUDIENCE SHOULD SPEAK AT LEAST 50% OF

THE TIMETHE TIME TWO-WAYS COMMUNICATION IS MORE IMPORTANT TWO-WAYS COMMUNICATION IS MORE IMPORTANT

THAN INFORMATIONTHAN INFORMATION SPEAKING LIGHTENS UP THE PEOPLE IN THE SPEAKING LIGHTENS UP THE PEOPLE IN THE

AUDIENCEAUDIENCE THE MOOD OF THE AUDIENCE IS MORE IMPORTANT THE MOOD OF THE AUDIENCE IS MORE IMPORTANT

THAN YOUR PROGRAMTHAN YOUR PROGRAM THE TRAINER ACTS AS THE COORDINATOR OF THE THE TRAINER ACTS AS THE COORDINATOR OF THE

AUDIENCE KNOWLEDGEAUDIENCE KNOWLEDGE THE TRAINER GETS THE AUDIENCE TO GET TO THE THE TRAINER GETS THE AUDIENCE TO GET TO THE

INFORMATIONINFORMATION THE TRAINER MUST TELL THE PEOPLE WHAT TO THE TRAINER MUST TELL THE PEOPLE WHAT TO DODO

AFTER THE PRESENTATIONAFTER THE PRESENTATION

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PREPARING THE PREPARING THE PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION

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OUTLINE OF A SPEECH OUTLINE OF A SPEECH Each speech includes: Each speech includes: a) A a) A BeginningBeginning where you tell the audience the purpose where you tell the audience the purpose

of the speech. Pleasant, high-toned (you can even make a of the speech. Pleasant, high-toned (you can even make a joke or tell a funny story). joke or tell a funny story).

b) A b) A central partcentral part where analyzing technical data, logical where analyzing technical data, logical reasoning and procedures. reasoning and procedures.

c) An c) An EndEnd where you bring about the success of the where you bring about the success of the speech with a crescendo in terms of mood and emotionspeech with a crescendo in terms of mood and emotion

The end of the speech must be in a crescendo and people The end of the speech must be in a crescendo and people should leave more energized than when they arrived. should leave more energized than when they arrived.

In the end you have to be very convinced and highlight In the end you have to be very convinced and highlight the sense of “social mission” in what people will have to the sense of “social mission” in what people will have to do. do.

There is no two-way communication in the final part of There is no two-way communication in the final part of the speech.the speech.

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PREPARING A PRESENTATIONPREPARING A PRESENTATION

Prepare an outline and study it. Prepare an outline and study it.

By doing just this, you will be a By doing just this, you will be a successful speaker.successful speaker.

To prepare a good outline, you should To prepare a good outline, you should know as much as possible about the know as much as possible about the people attending. people attending.

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INGREDIENTS OF INGREDIENTS OF COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION

Communication requires that I’m all set Communication requires that I’m all set on what is the message I’d like to send on what is the message I’d like to send to the other person.to the other person.

““What do you want people to What do you want people to dodo after after your speech?”your speech?”

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THE IMPORTANCE THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MESSAGEOF THE MESSAGE

The presentation may cover many different The presentation may cover many different topics, but keep in mind that people after the topics, but keep in mind that people after the presentation do remember one or two presentation do remember one or two messages at the most. messages at the most.

If you have more things to discuss, cut it If you have more things to discuss, cut it down to the really important things and down to the really important things and repeat them over and over during your repeat them over and over during your presentation.presentation.

Once you’re all set on the message, prepare Once you’re all set on the message, prepare the PERSUASIVE MIX: the tools and the the PERSUASIVE MIX: the tools and the arguments you’ll use to get your message arguments you’ll use to get your message through. through.

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Outline of a SpeechOutline of a Speech The message you want to communicateThe message you want to communicate Persuasive Mix:Persuasive Mix: Beginning of the speech (brisk and lively):Beginning of the speech (brisk and lively):

Purpose of the speech (why it is interesting)Purpose of the speech (why it is interesting) Question or questions to “open up” the audienceQuestion or questions to “open up” the audience

Central part (data, procedures, logic, schemes):Central part (data, procedures, logic, schemes): Introductory questionIntroductory question Data and informationData and information 1° DATUM1° DATUM Convincing summaryConvincing summary Introductory questionIntroductory question Data and informationData and information 2° DATUM2° DATUM Convincing summaryConvincing summary

End (including pathos or the social impact in End (including pathos or the social impact in what we have to do)what we have to do)

Ethos, Pathos and Logos are present throughout the Ethos, Pathos and Logos are present throughout the entire presentation. entire presentation.

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TIPS FOR PREPARING THE TIPS FOR PREPARING THE OUTLINEOUTLINE

Include in the outline some questions Include in the outline some questions In a course include some exercises (when you In a course include some exercises (when you

ask people to do things, be certain they do it, ask people to do things, be certain they do it, otherwise you lose leadership). otherwise you lose leadership).

You must be very good both at the beginning You must be very good both at the beginning and at the end because they are the parts and at the end because they are the parts that make the difference in the speechthat make the difference in the speech

Write LARGE notes with the key points of the Write LARGE notes with the key points of the speech so that you can see them also when speech so that you can see them also when distant. distant.

Rehearse the key points. Rehearse the key points. Try not to leave anything to chance. Try not to leave anything to chance.

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HANDLING THE MEDIAHANDLING THE MEDIA

Flipchart: write clear and readable Flipchart: write clear and readable

Projector: do not “get replaced by Projector: do not “get replaced by power point!”. power point!”.

Print the slides and write notes on Print the slides and write notes on themthem

Use emotional video’sUse emotional video’s

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KEY TIPSKEY TIPS

Breaks are not breaks for you. They are Breaks are not breaks for you. They are important moments to reinforce the important moments to reinforce the concepts, get allies or handle objecting concepts, get allies or handle objecting attendee’s. attendee’s.

Each audience has his own opinion Each audience has his own opinion leaders. Try to get them as allies and leaders. Try to get them as allies and during breaks give them attention. during breaks give them attention.

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HOW TO BOOST HOW TO BOOST YOUR YOUR

PRESENTATIONSPRESENTATIONS

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ETHOS, PATHOS, LOGOSETHOS, PATHOS, LOGOS

A good speech or presentation needs A good speech or presentation needs ethos, pathos and logosethos, pathos and logos

Ethos: the moral strength of the speaker. Ethos: the moral strength of the speaker.

Pathos: to communicate data emotionally Pathos: to communicate data emotionally or stirring up emotions. or stirring up emotions.

Logos: logical reasoning about why our Logos: logical reasoning about why our procedures, technical data or what we are procedures, technical data or what we are saying is the right thing to do. saying is the right thing to do.

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FACTORS IMPACTING FACTORS IMPACTING QUALITY OF COMMUNICATIONQUALITY OF COMMUNICATION

1) A good discipline of the 1) A good discipline of the communication.communication.

2) Conviction-Emotion-Action. 2) Conviction-Emotion-Action.

3) Emotional bond between you and the 3) Emotional bond between you and the people attending.people attending.

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CONVINCTIONCONVINCTION

a) Do not teach something that you a) Do not teach something that you are not able to do successfully. You can are not able to do successfully. You can teach only what you can do well. teach only what you can do well.

b) Study the people attending to b) Study the people attending to understand that you can teach them understand that you can teach them something. something.

c) Continue to visualize what you c) Continue to visualize what you want them to do after your speech. want them to do after your speech.

d) BE CONVINCEDd) BE CONVINCED

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EMOTIONAL BOND BETWEEN YOU EMOTIONAL BOND BETWEEN YOU AND THE PEOPLE ATTENDINGAND THE PEOPLE ATTENDING

The emotional bond between you and the The emotional bond between you and the people attending greatly enhances people attending greatly enhances understanding.understanding.

Highlight the similarity between you and the Highlight the similarity between you and the people attending. “I am like you, guys”. “I too people attending. “I am like you, guys”. “I too go out every day trying to sell …”.go out every day trying to sell …”.

Show real affection and interest for the people Show real affection and interest for the people in the room. For you, they must be first of all in the room. For you, they must be first of all important as individuals. important as individuals.

Get close to them.Get close to them. Be compassionate.Be compassionate.

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IDEAS TO MAKE THE IDEAS TO MAKE THE COMMUNICATION MORE MOTIVATINGCOMMUNICATION MORE MOTIVATING

Tell a phrase with great conviction and with a loud Tell a phrase with great conviction and with a loud voice, then lower it suddenly to summarize the voice, then lower it suddenly to summarize the concepts. In the moment you lower the tone of the concepts. In the moment you lower the tone of the voice, the interest of the audience increases. voice, the interest of the audience increases.

When you have something important to say, When you have something important to say, increase the pause between a word and the other. increase the pause between a word and the other.

Take some pauses where you look at the audience Take some pauses where you look at the audience in silence. in silence.

Put some suspense or mystery (like telling a story Put some suspense or mystery (like telling a story whose nobody knows the end).whose nobody knows the end).

Remember that persuasion must include also the Remember that persuasion must include also the esthetic as its fundamental component. esthetic as its fundamental component.

Be touched.Be touched.

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EXERCISEEXERCISE

Prepare a speech: Prepare a speech: “What do you find “What do you find effective in self motivation”.effective in self motivation”.

What do you want people TO DO as a result your presentation (= Message)

Prepare an introduction and questions to “open up” the audience.

Write the ending.

Rehearse the key points of the speech. Rehearse the key points of the speech.

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CHANGECHANGE

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THE CHANGE OF PEOPLETHE CHANGE OF PEOPLE

Emotion leads up to the desire to get into Emotion leads up to the desire to get into action!!! action!!!

To create emotions, you must be To create emotions, you must be convinced. convinced.

To create emotions you must talk to the To create emotions you must talk to the soul and not to the head of the people soul and not to the head of the people attending. attending.

Whenever you create an emotion during a Whenever you create an emotion during a speech, people change their minds and speech, people change their minds and decide to change something in their lives. decide to change something in their lives.

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NOW WE’RE GOING TO TRY TO CREATE AN EMOTION…

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EMOTIONSEMOTIONS Some of the factors that create emotions, Some of the factors that create emotions,

assuming that you are greatly convinced:assuming that you are greatly convinced: Your enthusiasm. Your enthusiasm. Your empathy (= your ability to accurately Your empathy (= your ability to accurately

understand (feel) the feelings of the other understand (feel) the feelings of the other people)people)

The fact that you understand and mention The fact that you understand and mention intimate difficulties or thoughts that the people intimate difficulties or thoughts that the people in the room have experienced or are in the room have experienced or are experiencing. experiencing.

The fact that with small things we can often The fact that with small things we can often trigger great changes. trigger great changes.

Values such as “freedom” and “honour”. Values such as “freedom” and “honour”. Revelations about yourself. Revelations about yourself. To create emotions, you need to talk about To create emotions, you need to talk about

things that touch you. things that touch you.

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RIGHT MIX FOR A SPEECH RIGHT MIX FOR A SPEECH

A logical part explaining in detail what A logical part explaining in detail what needs to be done and why. This part needs to be done and why. This part should include the steps the person should include the steps the person should do right after the presentation. should do right after the presentation.

An emotional part where you bring about An emotional part where you bring about an emotion in the people attending by an emotion in the people attending by talking about something that moves you. talking about something that moves you.

If while getting the final message through If while getting the final message through you are touched by something, you’ve got you are touched by something, you’ve got it made!it made!

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EXERCISEEXERCISE

Prepare a speech: Prepare a speech: YOU MUST MOVE THE AUDIENCEYOU MUST MOVE THE AUDIENCE TO DO IT YOU HAVE TO TALK ABOUT TO DO IT YOU HAVE TO TALK ABOUT

SOMETHING THAT MOVES YOUSOMETHING THAT MOVES YOU AFTER YOU HAVE MOVED THE AFTER YOU HAVE MOVED THE

AUDIENCE (OR YOU YOURSELF HAVE AUDIENCE (OR YOU YOURSELF HAVE BEEN MOVED) YOU SHOULD ADD A BEEN MOVED) YOU SHOULD ADD A MESSAGE FOR THE PEOPLE IN THE MESSAGE FOR THE PEOPLE IN THE ROOM. ROOM.