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Terrorism in the Modern Terrorism in the Modern WorldWorld

Roots of HateRoots of Hate

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TerrorismTerrorism

Terrorism in the modern world Terrorism in the modern world revolves around fundamentalist revolves around fundamentalist IslamIslam

To understand the issues, it is To understand the issues, it is important to look at Islam as a important to look at Islam as a religion first. religion first.

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IslamIslam

World religion began by a prophet World religion began by a prophet named Mohammed in the 7named Mohammed in the 7thth century. century.

A Muslim is a follower of IslamA Muslim is a follower of Islam Nearly 1 in 7 people in the world are Nearly 1 in 7 people in the world are

Muslims and Islam is the fastest Muslims and Islam is the fastest growing religion in the worldgrowing religion in the world

Principles include peace and respectPrinciples include peace and respect

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Islam Religion by ContinentsIslam Religion by Continents

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A Split in IslamA Split in Islam

Islam has two divisions (Sunni, Shia)Islam has two divisions (Sunni, Shia) The split was over leadership of the The split was over leadership of the

religion after the death of Mohammedreligion after the death of Mohammed Today Sunni’s are the larger group and Today Sunni’s are the larger group and

tension continues between the groups tension continues between the groups (Iraq: Sunni 30%, Shia 65%)(Iraq: Sunni 30%, Shia 65%)

Recently, sub-groups in both the Sunni Recently, sub-groups in both the Sunni and Shia sects have become more radical and Shia sects have become more radical and violent (Al-Qaeda-Sunni) and violent (Al-Qaeda-Sunni)

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Shia = Blue, Sunni = GreenShia = Blue, Sunni = Green

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Roots of hate in the Middle EastRoots of hate in the Middle East

Two major issues have sparked Two major issues have sparked anger in many Middle Easterners, anger in many Middle Easterners, these are old issues that have come these are old issues that have come to a head in recent timesto a head in recent times

1. The nation of Israel1. The nation of Israel 2. Oil Issues/ Western Influence2. Oil Issues/ Western Influence

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IsraelIsrael

• A Jewish nation est. in 1948 after WWII.A Jewish nation est. in 1948 after WWII.• Created out of an Arab territory called Created out of an Arab territory called

Palestine Palestine • Much has been debated over the ownership of Much has been debated over the ownership of

this holy land, which has led to a number of this holy land, which has led to a number of wars between Israel and its Arab neighborswars between Israel and its Arab neighbors

• America has financially and militarily supported America has financially and militarily supported Israel from the 1940’s through today, making Israel from the 1940’s through today, making many Muslims upset with the US. many Muslims upset with the US.

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Western InfluenceWestern Influence

The valuable resource of oil was The valuable resource of oil was discovered in massive amount in the discovered in massive amount in the 1920’s1920’s

Many western companies began Many western companies began building trade relations.building trade relations.

Many, Muslims began to fear Many, Muslims began to fear changes in their culture and customschanges in their culture and customs

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Oil InterestsOil Interests

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Oil InterestsOil Interests

Recently, radical Muslims have Recently, radical Muslims have begun to preach that their lands and begun to preach that their lands and people are being “poisoned” by people are being “poisoned” by western ideas and customswestern ideas and customs

Many radicals became militaristic Many radicals became militaristic towards preserving Islam and radical towards preserving Islam and radical organizations began to form in organizations began to form in nations around the world nations around the world

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Western/Arab RelationsWestern/Arab Relations

http://www.npr.org/news/specials/mihttp://www.npr.org/news/specials/mideast/the_west/deast/the_west/

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Al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda

-Organization originate during Soviet -Organization originate during Soviet Invasion of AfghanistanInvasion of Afghanistan

Goals:Goals:1.To fight a holy war against 1.To fight a holy war against

“infidels” in Muslim areas “infidels” in Muslim areas

2.Remove governments that do 2.Remove governments that do not follow forms of extreme not follow forms of extreme

Islam Islam (Wahhabism)(Wahhabism)

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Soviet – Afghan WarSoviet – Afghan War1979-19891979-1989

A communist government emerges in the A communist government emerges in the late 70’slate 70’s

The Mujahedeen is a group of armed The Mujahedeen is a group of armed militants who oppose the communist militants who oppose the communist governmentgovernment

The communists call on the Soviets for The communists call on the Soviets for help and the Soviets respond by invading help and the Soviets respond by invading Afghanistan and fighting the MujahedeenAfghanistan and fighting the Mujahedeen

This is an opportunity for Islamic This is an opportunity for Islamic Fundamentalists to fight a jihad in Fundamentalists to fight a jihad in Afghanistan Afghanistan

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This creates an opportunity for Bin This creates an opportunity for Bin Laden to become involved in this Laden to become involved in this jihad and fight alongside the jihad and fight alongside the MujahedeenMujahedeen

The United States supports the The United States supports the Mujahedeen by providing weapons, Mujahedeen by providing weapons, training, and even leading some training, and even leading some operationsoperations

Soviets realize they will not win, Soviets realize they will not win, begin withdrawal in 1989begin withdrawal in 1989

Fundamentalists view this as a huge Fundamentalists view this as a huge victoryvictory

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Various warlords fight for power after Various warlords fight for power after communists are defeatedcommunists are defeated

A new group is emerging around A new group is emerging around 1994, the Taliban1994, the Taliban

Controls Afghanistan from 1996-2001 Controls Afghanistan from 1996-2001

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Al-QaedaAl-Qaeda

Bin Laden and other Mujahedeen Bin Laden and other Mujahedeen veterans began constructing training veterans began constructing training camps throughout the Muslim world camps throughout the Muslim world to fight in future jihads to fight in future jihads

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Al-QaedaAl-Qaeda

Al Qaeda is formed in Pakistan in Al Qaeda is formed in Pakistan in 1996.1996.

Training camps are set up in Training camps are set up in Afghanistan.Afghanistan.

Members of Al-Qaeda have been Members of Al-Qaeda have been trained in:trained in:• Weapons and explosives Weapons and explosives • Sabotage and assassination techniquesSabotage and assassination techniques• Torture and interrogation Torture and interrogation

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Taliban in PakistanTaliban in Pakistan

http://http://www.cbsnews.comwww.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=2534933n&tag=/video/watch/?id=2534933n&tag=contentMain;contentBodycontentMain;contentBody

March 9, 2007 6:04 AM March 9, 2007 6:04 AM http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/whttp://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/w

orld/2009/02/03/sayah.pakistan.taliborld/2009/02/03/sayah.pakistan.taliban.buses.cnn?iref=videosearchan.buses.cnn?iref=videosearch

2-6-09 date shown on CNN 2-6-09 date shown on CNN

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Inside 9/11 Inside 9/11 (Overview)(Overview)(National Geographic video)(National Geographic video)

Traces the time line that Traces the time line that led up to the deadly led up to the deadly attacks, spanning decades attacks, spanning decades and circling the globe to and circling the globe to lay bare the roots of al lay bare the roots of al Qaeda. Qaeda.

Capturing the horror and Capturing the horror and heroism witnessed on heroism witnessed on September 11, 2001, September 11, 2001, "Inside 9/11" takes viewers "Inside 9/11" takes viewers into the last moments of into the last moments of those who died and the those who died and the thousands of others who thousands of others who survivedsurvived