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The AMERICAN REVOLUTION

pt. one

Section 1: The Revolution Begins

Section 2: Declaring Independence

Chapter 7

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A. The First Continental Congress

1. September 1774- Met in ________ to discuss what action to take because of the__________ against Boston.

1. September 1774- Met in ________ to discuss what action to take because of the__________ against Boston.

Philadelphia

Philadelphia

Intolerable Acts

Intolerable Acts

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2. John Dickinson

Wanted peace with GB

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3. Patrick Henry

(Virginia)“The king is forcing us to _________”

take up arms!

take up arms!

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4. Compromise-

Sent list of _____ to King George and agreed to meet again in ____ 1775 to discuss the king’s response

rightsrightsspringspring

King George III

King George III

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B. “Shot Heard Round the World”

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1. Minutemen

Local ______ in and around Boston, prepared to ______

militiamilitiadefend suppliesdefend supplies

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Governor of _________; wanted Minutemen’s _________

2. Gen. Thomas Gage

Mass.Mass.

weapons

weapons

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warned the Minutemen that….

3. Paul Revere & William Dawes

The Redcoats

are coming!

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Revere captured by British

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5. April 19, 1775-Lexington

Who shot first?

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6. Later that day: Concord

The _______ and _______ fought again. The _______ chased the ______ back to Boston.

Minutemen

Minutemen

Redcoats

RedcoatsMinute

menMinutemenRedco

atsRedco

ats

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7. Results & Importance

•Blood had been spilled. •Beginning of the war!•Blood had been spilled. •Beginning of the war!

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C. Second Continental Congress

C. Second Continental Congress

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1. Philadelphia (May, 1775)

Decided not to break away from _________.

2. Created an ____ to defend the nation.

G.B. (not yet)

army

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3. Selected _________ to lead

the army.

George Washington

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4. Sent peace offer to King George-known

as the Olive Branch Petition

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5. King George _____ the offer. (declared

rebellion!)

5. King George _____ the offer. (declared

rebellion!)

rejectedrejected

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D. Early Battles “Amateur Army”D. Early Battles “Amateur Army”

1. Ft. Ticonderoga-Lake Champlain

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Benedict Arnold

Militia leader

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Ethan Allen

Leader of Green Mtn. Boys

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Batt

le-

Batt

le-

Surprised the British-Captured fort

Surprised the British-Captured fort

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Importance-

Captured cannons

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2. Minutemen held Boston under _______Siege

(surrounded)

Americans

Americans

Americans

Americans

British

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3. Breed’s Hill & Bunker Hill (June

1775)

1st major battle!!1st major battle!!

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28American leader @ Bunker HillAmerican leader @ Bunker Hill

William Prescott

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Joseph WarrenPatriot leader killed at Bunker Hill

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Battle-

Br. Frontal assault ….Americans held…Then fell back

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Results/Importance-

•Brits won•Amer. Gained confidence

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4. Winter 1775-76:

Americans moved cannons from Ft. Ticonderoga

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4. Winter 1775-76:…..to Dorchester Heights which overlooked ________. This forced the British to _______.

Boston

withdraw

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5. Paying for the war

Printed money (worthless)

No national taxPrivate financing

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Why George?

•Honest•Virginian•ExperiencedTo

DeclarationTo

Hobbes

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Bell Ringer: 11.1.10Write in Packet

Identify & describe one peaceful way the colonies tried to settle their dispute with G.B.

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I. Enlightenment Roots p.399Definition-a change in outlook among educated

Europeans that began in the 1600’s and put great trust in

Reason as key to human progress

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B. Philosophers- a ________ and a __________thinke

rschola

rCame up with new ideas

about __________ and individual rightsgovernment

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C. The Scientific Revolution 1. Science laws based on

__________ and _________.2. Enlightenment

philosophers wanted to apply this way of thinking to ___________

reason observation

government

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C. The Scientific Revolution

3. Examples:a. What __________ govern the way people live?b. Does natural law give all people certain ________?c. What is the best form of __________?

Natural laws

rights

government

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D. Renaissance and Reformation 1. The humanists of the

Renaissance questioned ___________ of religion.

2. In the Reformation, Protestants rebelled against ________ Church.

accepted beliefs

Catholic

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E. Enlightenment Philosophers 1. Rejected _________.2. Wanted people to

________________.

authority

think for themselves

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F. Classical and Christian Influences 1. Greecea. Trust in _________b. People should have say in

_________2. Christianity-Enlightenment

ideas reflected many ________ values. (equality, morals)

reason

government

Christian

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F. Classical and Christian Influences

3. Questioned belief in ______ right of king to rule.

4. Stressed ___________ that government must respect.

Divine

individual rights

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What is the connection to

American History?

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A. Thomas Hobbes “Absolute Monarchy”

1. Used education to study government

2. Humans are selfish, greedy…3. Governments formed to protect

people from themselves4. Absolute power needed for

control5. 1st to apply science methods to

politics

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Tableau- A living picture

a depiction of a scene usually presented on a stage by silent and motionless costumed participants

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B. John Locke “Natural Rights”

1. Constitutional monarchy (limited power of king)

2. Magna Carta & English Bill of Rights

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John Locke

3. Two Treatises•Social contract- agreement among free people

•Natural Rights- life, liberty and property

•Rights govt. make laws

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John Locke

4. Consent of the governed

* People had right to change govt.

5. Declaration of Independence

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C. Baron de Montesquieu

“Separation of Powers1. Used humor to

criticize govt.2. How governments

should be organized

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Baron de Montesquieu

3. Separation of Powers3 branches to divide power

4. Despotism (tyranny)5. Constitution

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D. Voltaire “Religious Toleration &

Free Speech”1. Fought oppression-Unjust

use of authority2. That world was not perfect3. Governed by law4. Acceptance of difference

in beliefs5. Free speech6. Bill of Rights

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E. Beccaria “Crime and Punishment”1. Scientific study

of crime and punishment

2. Torture3. Secret trials,

corrupt judges

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E. Beccaria

4. Crime and Punishmenta. Punishment did not have to be brutalb. Just harsh enough to stop crimec. Laws for order

5. a. Fair and speedy trialb. Eliminate capital punishment

6. Bill of Rights

To Amateur Armies

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Who is John Locke and how did he influence the Declaration of Independence?

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II. The Declaration of Independence

II. The Declaration of Independence

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A. Common Sense by Thomas Paine

1. Background-Failed as sailor,

teacher and tax man.

Franklin’s friend

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Common Sense2. 1776

published pamphlet

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3. Wrote in a style that appealed to

Common peopleEffective propaganda

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4. Ideasa. People not ______

should make the laws.b. Colonies should

demand _________c. Huge influence on the

_______

king

independence

colonies

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B. Declaring IndependenceB. Declaring

Independence

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1. June 1776-

2nd Continental Congress decided to appoint a committee to write a

Declaration of Independence

2nd Continental Congress decided to appoint a committee to write a

Declaration of Independence

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2. CommitteeFranklinAdamsJefferson** did most of the writing

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3. Natural Rights

Ideas from the ________Enlightenment

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3. Natural Rights a. All men are created equal &

possess _____ ____Unalienabl

e rights (life, liberty & happiness)

Enlightenment philosopher-

John Locke

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c. If government lacks the support of the people; the people have the right to _______.Natural

Rights

b. Governments gain their power from the ______________.consent of the

governed/people

change it

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4. Reasons for Separation

King George III had violated the colonists ___________ (By passing unfair _________ and interfering with colonies self-_________)

rights

laws

government

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4. Reasons for Separation

Examples: •Quartering Troops•Cutting off trade•Taxes without consent•Waging war on colonies•Encouraging Indian attacks

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5. Independence

The Colonists had the right to ________ from Great Britain.

ALSO-Declaration of War!!

separate

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6. Ben Franklin

“We must all hang together or we shall ____ _______.”

hang separately

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Declaring Independence

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7. July 4, 1776

Independence Day!Independence Day!

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C. Choosing Sides

1. PatriotsFight for

independence

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2. Patrick Henry“I know not what course others may take; but as for me. give me …..

Liberty or give me death!”

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3. Loyalists or _______-Tories

Stay or leave?Many left for Canada

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4. Divided friends and families

Washington and Fairfax

Franklin and his son

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D. Other Reactions

1. Women-Not included in the Declaration

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Abigail Adams

Wrote to husband John-

“Remember the ladies”

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2. African Americans

Many who signed the Declaration were slave owners.

**Massachusetts abolished slavery in _____; rest of New England by _____.

17831784

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Graphic Organizer: Revolution Begins

SECTION 1

The Revolution Begins

Lexington Concord

April 18 & 19, 1775

“Shot heard

round the world”

Paul Revere

and William Dawes

Minutemen

Minutemen stood

ground & attacked

Br. Back to Boston

Weapons Stored

Redcoats

burned

town

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Ch. 7 JournalDVD Liberty “Common Sense”

Thomas PaineBeliefs-Importance-

“Declaration of Independence”Who?What”When?Where?Why?

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A“I have heard it asserted by some , that as America hath flourished under her former connection with Great Britain, the same connection is necessary towards her future happiness, and will always have the same effect. Nothing can be more fallacious than this kind of argument.”

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A in our own words

We have prospered by being British

and must stay British to continue prosperity….

This is FALSE!!

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B“We have boasted the protection of Great Britain without considering her motive was interest, not attachment; and that she did not protect us from our enemies on our account, but from her enemies on her own account.”

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B in our own words!!

Britain only liked us for profits…

She protected us for her benefit..

She doesn’t love us!!

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C

“But Britain is the parent country, say some. Then the more shame upon her conduct. Even brutes do not devour their young, nor savages make war upon their families…”

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C in our own words….

Britain is a terrible parent…

Good parents don’t attack their kids!

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D“I challenge the warmest advocate for reconciliation, to show a single advantage that this continent can reap, by being connected with Great Britain. I repeat the challenge; not a single advantage is derived.”

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D in our own words

There is not a single reason we should remain British!

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E“Small islands, not capable of protecting themselves, are the proper objects for kingdoms to take under their care; but there is something absurd, in supposing a continent to be perpetually governed by an island. In no instance hath nature made the satellite larger than its primary planet.”

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E in our own words..

It is crazy to think a small island like Britain…

Can rule over US!!

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F “Nothing but independence… can keep the peace of the continent… a government of our own is our natural right: and when a man seriously reflects on the precariousness of human affairs, he will become convinced, that it is infinitely wiser and safer, to form a constitution of our own in a cool deliberate manner, while we have it in our power…”

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F in our own words

Only independence will bring peace…

All people are born with the right to govern themselves!!

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For Discussion- Agree or Disagree?

A powerful nation will always defeat a weaker nation in war.

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Ch. 7 Journal

#4 “Loyalist or Patriot??”

Would you have been a Loyalist or a Patriot? Why?

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Ch. 7 Journal

COMMON SENSEWhat is “common sense?”If you were writing a book in 1776 title “Common Sense,” what reasons would you give for the colonists to separate from Great Britain?

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Bell Ringer 11/5/10

Identify 2 Enlightenment Philosophers and describe how you benefit from each of their beliefs.