• 1. What is environmental health?• 2. Environmental hazards1

• 3. Health damage by:• 3.1. Air• 3.2. Water• 3.3. Soil• 3.4. Food• 4. Scale for public health

1. Gefahren

• environmental changes in relation to human health

• adverse1 consequences of physical and chemical effects on human health

• load of pollutants in air, water, soil and food

1. unerwünscht

Global climate change by concentration of greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere

• Damage of the skin

• Damage of the eyes

• Damage of the immune system

- suppression of the immune reaction- increased sensitivity to infections- activation of hidden virus infections

• Positive, direct effects

- formation of vitamin D in the skin- prevention1 of osteomalacia2

- possible preventing high blood pressure- altered3 well-being- influences on sleep cycles

1.Vorbeugung 2.Knochenerweichung 3.verändert

• Indirect effects

- influences on the climate- influences on the food supply - spread of pathogens1

- air pollution

1.Krankheitserreger

• loss of fertile1 soil, groundwater and fishing grounds

• reduction of food engendering2 ecosystems• desertification3

1.fruchtbar 2.hervorbringend 3.Wüstenbildung

• chemical substances are extremely durable and

spread worldwide - some of them affect the functions in the nervous system, immune system and the

areas that are responsible for the reproduction - sometimes you can not watch them any

time longer as specific and limited-acting

poisons

• higher concentration of: - sulfur dioxide - carbon monoxide - nitrogen oxides - particles - hydrocarbons effect is influenced by factors such as

temperature or humidity1

1.Luftfeuchtigkeit

• changes in the natural composition of air because of: - smoke - soot1

- dust - gases - aerosol - vapors2

- odorants 1.Ruß

2.Dämpfe

• chronic inflammation of the bronchi and lungs

• dried mucous membranes in nose, mouth and

throat• allergies• chronic headache1

• skin troubles (neurodermitis)

1.Kopfschmerzen

• in the investigated countries 6% of the deaths are

caused by air pollution• annual infection levels, that are caused by

the traffic-polluted air are: - >25.000 new infections of chronic

bronchitis - >290.000 bronchitis episodes for children - >500.000 asthma attacks - >16.000.000 days limited capacity

• polluted air is similar dangerous as passive smoking higher risk of dying from lung cancer or

heart disease

• water contamination is in many ways - not only because of households, also

because of production processes in trade,

agriculture and industry• advanced sewage treatment plants1

ensure the cleaning of water - during accidents it comes back to water

pollution

1.hochmoderne Kläranlagen

• pollution by pesticides - rainfalls transport the pesticides in the

groundwater or directly into rivers and streams• pollution by oil - trough leaks oil flows in the seas and pollutes water and beaches

• >1 million tons of oil flow in the oceans every year

• ca. 400.000 tons of oil flow in the water due oil drillings1 every year• ca. 500.000 tons of oil are caused by us every

year• 7000 tons of kerosene are yield by airplanes

above the ocean every year• Industry doesn´t play a big role

1.Ölbohrung/Ölgewinnung

• algae occur because of the overload of oceans and rivers with nitrogen and phosphate compounds and urban wastewater

- led to pestilential mass extinction of fish, seals and other microorganism

• old medication enters the ground water because of the sanitation

In some countries for example Bangladesh:• arsenic occurs in the groundwater naturally• 80.000.000 million people are effected• arsenic can be removed only very difficult with a filter• health consequences such as arsenic poisoning

• increase1 in biologically dead waters• increase in ground water contamination• and a disappearance of clean water recourses on

the earth

7.000.000 people die each year from diseases that

are caused by bad water quality

1.Zunahme

• 2,4 million people have no sanitation - high child mortality - every 10 seconds a child dies

• diarrhea/cholera: 2.200.000 deaths/year - half of them are children younger than 5 years with access to clean drinking water diseases would reduce ca. 26%• malaria: 1.100.000 deaths/year decrease of diseases trough better water management• typhus: 17.500.000 diseases/year permanent access to safe water would

prevent the spread of the disease

1.Gegenmaßnahmen

• hepatitis A: 1.500.000 clinical cases/year transmission trough unhygienic

conditions and lack of water• trachoma: 6.000.000 blind people/year - 146.000.000 in treatment safe drinking water would reduce new

cases 25% in a year

• debasement and loss of ecosystem services • can be a natural process, but also can be

affected by people• ground is, based on a human life, not a

renewable resource• vegetation cover is destroyed by overgrazing, burning and deforestation

• mismanagement• contamination• Destruction of the soil structure threat of fundamental food• today 20% of soil used by people show sings of degration in the next 25 years a loss of food between

15 and 35% is expected

• loss of soil as a food source • biochemical cycles like the water circulation

will be disturbed• loss of soil will also reduce his function as

reservoir for greenhouse gases climate change will increase

• cancer• development damage of young children´s

brains• kidney damage• expansion of leukemia• liver toxicity• depression of the central nervous system• headache, nausea1, physical fatigue, eye inflammation, rash2

1.Übelkeit 2.Hautausschlag

• food is necessary for building up the organism and receive his health

• the quality of food plays a big role by pollution and adverse influences, the development or production of food can be

affected• humans are the highest element in the food

chain highest risk of pollution

• malnutrition: if the quantity or combination of

nutrition isn´t in comment with the request of human organism

• causes of malnutrition are: - famines1 because of crop failures, wars, catastrophes and diseases• lack of knowledge• bad eating habits2

1.Hungersnöte 2. Essgewohnheiten

• scurvy vitamin C deficiency• beriberi vitamin B deficiency• diabetes obesity

• DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Year) - describes numbers of living years lost because of premature death combined with loss of lifetime due to disability• the DALY is divided in: - years of life lost due to premature death (YLL) inclusion of age die - years of life lived with disability (YLD) inclusion of disease duration, age at the beginning and the factor of severity of illness

• region of Africa: 1.894.000 lost years of life• region of South Asia: 2.572.000 lost years of

life• developed countries: 8.000 lost years of life• world: 5.517.000 lost years of life